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Struggle for Preserverance: The Relocation of Native Americans, 2002.
This paper is a history of how the white man, slowly but surely, drove the Native Americans out of their own land, and tried to "Americanize" them.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper, written in first person, begins with how the writer's knowledge of Native American's unfair treatment was opaque. It then discusses the Natives' first traces in America, and gradually works up to how their lives and culture has changed over the past hundred years to the present day.
From the Paper
"Growing up in the sheltered environment in which I live, I was not aware of many things that occurred outside my microcosm. I was deprived from the ?real? world, incognizant of the fact that there are millions of people suffering for different reasons. Some suffer from physical illness, while others suffer because of their self-induced mistakes. I hated being so unaware of what was happening in my world. A few years ago my views opened up. It was like a blindfold had been tilted and now I could see light. Things were coming into light. Before this time I was only taught the ?good? aspects, never even learning the ?bad? side. A great example of this is my knowledge of Native Americans. I was always taught how Native Americans and the white man?s relationship was peaceful and harmonious. How they were treated just like everything else, not knowing of their wounded past. I was always deprived from the truth. I never knew about the bloody wars which resulted in millions of casualties or the land stolen from right under the Indians? feet. I never knew about the hardships endured or the government?s approval to remove Indians from their land. Nevertheless, the Native Americans have survived this ill treatment. Although the relocating of Native American?s land may have resulted in everlasting pain, location could never destroy their culture."
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"We Talk, You Listen", 2001.
An analysis of the essay ?Stereotyping? from "We Talk, You Listen" by Sioux scholar, Vine Deloria addressing the issue of stereotyping of Native Americans in the media and entertainment arenas.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of stereotyping of Native Americans in the entertainment world - mainly in Hollywood movies. It looks at how other minority group have also been treated - Hispanics and African Americans and compares these attitudes. It explains how dangerous these stereotypes are and how easily they enter the subconscious.
From the Paper
"Stereotypes once dominated the public?s perception of the Native American. Deloria gives examples of the portrayals of Native Americans in Westerns, World II films, and documentaries. Native Americans were once depicted as strange, having little or no speech, or living in unending poverty. In order to dissect Deloria?s arguments into its basic parts, the Toulmin method will be used to see how the arguments are justified. Toulmin described six elements to forming an argument: claims, grounds, warrants, backing, qualifiers and rebuttals ? the sequence of which is artificial (Toulmin 25). Thus the first claim that Deloria makes is that ?Movie Indians? had completely blocked out the idea of realistic Native Americans. Since Western movies were very popular, they dominated the public?s perception of Native Americans. To support the claim, Deloria?s ground is that the actors, Jay Silverheels and Ed Ames, portrayed unrealistic Native American characters. The warrant is that stereotypes do not portray real representations of minorities. Since ?warrants are not self-validating,? further supporting considerations (backings) are used (Toulmin 58). The backing of Deloria?s warrant is that the motion pictures portrayed stereotypes of minorities. The rebuttal is that unless the minority groups fight to discontinue the stereotyping, the media?s version predominates. Deloria presented the examples of two minority groups that fought against stereotyping which resulted in more realistic portrayals of their race. He writes that Italians suppressed the mobster images in The Untouchables, and Blacks were able to have more realistic images of themselves by actors such as Cosby and Poitier (Deloria 33). The qualifier indicates the strength of the claim. The qualifier for this claim is ?completely.? Realistic Native Americans ?have been completely covered up by movie Indians? (Deloria 33).'
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A Comparison of the Hopi and Yanomami, 2001.
This paper examines the Hopi and Yanomami Tribes.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth exploration of the Hopi Tribe of northern Arizona and the Yanomami Tribe of Brazil and Venezuela. The author contrasts and compares both of these peoples and illustrates the differences, as well as the many similarities between these two cultures that are located so far apart. Some of the topics covered are their individual histories, descendants, culture, patterns of living, religion, the role of their respective governments in their ability to maintain their respective homelands and the role of that agriculture plays in both societies.
From the Paper
"The life at the Hopi villages revolves around their religious calendar. The calendar is divided on the basis of the visits of the ?Kachinas?. The Kachinas are believed to be the ancestral spirits which arrive after the winter and leave at the time when the summer season is at its peak. To recognize and celebrate their stay, colorful ceremonies and dances are arranged in the village plazas. It is believed that such ceremonies are going to benefit the people, plants, animal and spirit life of the tribe. When these Kachinas finally depart from the tribe, stamped images of the Kachinas are given as spiritual gifts. The Katsinam, who perform the public dances, are sacred to the Hopi people, as are the carved Kachinas which have been ceremonially sanctified. The religion is something of prime importance in the Hopi culture."
Extensive bibliography but no footnotes, or endnotes.
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The Mohicans, 2001.
This paper is an historical study of the Mohicans based on the film "The Last of the Mohicans" and a book called "Betrayals: Fort William Henry and the Massacre".
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper details the story of "The Massacre" that was held during a battle between the Britain and France's Indian allies at Fort William. The book "Betrayals: Fort William Henry and the Massacre" by Ian Steele, took a close look at the old stereotypes, balancing out and combining contradictory accounts to forge one coherent and accurate tale. The film "The Last of the Mohicans", directed by Michael Mann, paid intricate attention to such historical details as style, language, and muzzle-loader mechanics. The paper details the event in respect to these two works and analyzes this terrible tragedy.
From the Paper
"In 1757, the British outpost of Fort William surrendered to the French forces that had besieged it. Terms of surrender were granted that promised safe passage to the warriors and civilians living within the fort, and the British moved out. On the trek back to noncombatant territory, the surviving garrison was attacked by France?s Indian allies. The ?massacre? that followed was to go down in infamy, as wildly speculative and differing reports made their way back to the press. The episode was seen as an ultimate symbol for the perfidy of savage Indians and their treasonous European counterparts, and was perpetuated through endless literary retellings. Well over 300 years later, the story of this massacre is still being told. In 1990, a historical book Betrayals: Fort William Henry and the ?Massacre,? by Ian Steele, took a close look at the old stereotypes, balancing out and combining contradictory accounts to forge one coherent and accurate tale. Shortly thereafter, the legend was told once again, this time in full Technicolor. . The Last of the Mohicans, directed by Michael Mann, paid intricate attention to such historical details as style, language, and muzzle-loader mechanics. However, the film also took distinct liberties with the actual situations and reasons surrounding the Fort Williams massacre."
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The Trail of Tears, 2001.
This essay discusses the Cherokee Indians, and the Trail of Tears they trekked across to reach the Indian Reservations that the United States government placed them in.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the background of the Cherokee Indians, the Indian Removal Act, the removal forts they were put into, and the trail of tears they trudged on, and symbols that symbolize the trail of tears and the pain the Cherokee Indians endured. The author includes several maps in the paper.
From the Paper
'In the 1800s, the Cherokee Indians were forced off their ancestral lands in Georgia and coerced to march the long, bitter journey to Oklahoma, where the government had decided they should live. This journey became known as the ?Trail of Tears? for the grief it caused the Cherokee. It was called ?Nunna dual Tsuny? by the tribe, which literally meant the ?Trail Where They Cried?. The Cherokee were a friendly tribe, but were stripped of justice as they were made to trudge hundreds of miles in bad weather; many were treated brutally, and many died either in concentration camps or on the trail itself."
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Imperialist Nostalgia and Salvage Collecting, 2002.
The possible problems and benefits of both salvage collecting and imperialist nostalgia of the early 20th century with regard to the Native American.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This essay explores two ways prevalent in the 20th century of preservation of the Native American culture: imperialist nostalgia and salvage ethnography, both of which are a reconstruction of the Native American culture from a Western viewpoint. The essay concludes that while the preservation accomplished was not faithful to the culture it strove to conserve, it did succeed in providing a vehicle for its remembrance, leading to the Native Americans' preservation of their own culture.
From the Paper
"The dust kicked up in the frenzy of Western expansion and manifest destiny has settled and is finally beginning to clear. Now, in light of a new civilized nation, questions are being raised as to just what was stamped out in the process. This is not the first time these questions have been raised; in fact, such concerns existed even while the damage was being done. They were answered by voices overwhelmed with guilt and thus resulted in the salvage collecting and imperialist nostalgia whose births followed queue to that of our nation."
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We Came, We Conquered, and We Saw the Light, 2002.
This paper discusses the conversion of Native Americans in early America.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the conversion of Native Americans during the colonial period, primarily in the 16th and 17th centuries. The author delineates the conversion methods of the Spanish, the French, and the English, as well as the resistance movements on the part of the Native Americans. The essence of the paper lies in analyzing the effects of conversion, and how the groups interacted with each other.
From the Paper
"It is not often that one thinks of any European nation as uncultured or backward, but it takes only a single look towards the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the conquest of North America to see that perhaps the conquered were more forward moving, at least spiritually, than their conquerors. Though thought to be savage and primitive, the natives of North America had long since developed coherent religious systems, as intricate as those of the Europeans - even bearing similarities to them. Christianity and its various forms, however, proved to be a much less understanding opponent to the Native Americans, who hardly expected to be opposed in the first place. Along with the "discovery" of the New World came an onslaught of attempts towards conversion."
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A Critical Review of the Glenrose Cannery Site, 2002.
This paper looks at how the zoo archaeology of the site has been used to determine seasonality, diet, etc.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a study done of the Glenrose Cannery Site in the 1970s. The various excavations at the site between 1969 and 1973 are discussed in detail, and the results are analysed and evaluated.
From the paper:
"The analysis of fish, pollen, shellfish, mammalian and avian remains and artifacts from the site were studied to find ?the origins of the densely populated culturally complex, maritime adaptation of the Pacific Northwest Coast?, and ?the origin of the Locarna Bach and Marpole phases in the last millenium B.C.? (Matson, 1976) Little is known about this and views range from Asiatio origins to local development. (Matson, 1976) ?Thus is was hoped that the investigation of the Glenrose midden would shed some light on the origins of the unique Northwest Coast pattern by detailing the subsistence strategies related to pre-Locarno material on the edge of the Fraser Delta.?
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Politics and Art - Do They Mix?, 2001.
This paper compares and contrasts the politics and political significance of the movies Pow Wow Highway and Evolution's End?: The Clear Cut Facts.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper of shows the difference between the movies Pow Wow Highway and Evolution?s End?: The Clear Cut Facts- one fiction and one documentary - and how each one attempts to get its message across in an alternative form. It also shows how the use of movies has increased as a political tool for marginalized groups in society. The Native Americans population is the focus of this paper.
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Chief Tecumsheh, 2002.
An analysis of the story of Native American leader and chief, Tecumsheh.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the story of Shawnee chief and military leader Tecumsheh of the native people of North America. The author looks at how this leader impacted his community and the role that he played in the Indian resistance during the time. The paper also looks at his rise to power and contributions.
From the Paper
"The story of Shawnee chief and military leader Tecumseh is one that is all too common in its combination of tragedy, courage, and unimaginable loss, a story told dozens of times as the native peoples of North America sought to maintain their culture and save their live while fighting against forces with what would prove time and again to be overwhelmingly superior weapons. This paper examines the role that Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa played in organizing Indian resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley and in seeking to create intertribal alliances and the factors that lead to their defeat and Tecumseh's death."
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Residential Schools, 2001.
This paper is a First Nation's perspective of residential schools.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the damages caused to First Nations families by residential schools even though the government at that time felt it was the right thing to do.
From the Paper
"The government felt that by sending First Nations people to residential schools they were bettering themselves for the future ahead of them. They felt that their way, ?the Indian way?, of life was of a lesser quality than that of the European way of life and education. They wanted to make them equal to the white man. The federal government began to play a role in the development and administration of the residential school systems as early as 1874, done mainly to meet its obligation, under the Indian Act, to provide an education and lifestyle for the Aboriginal people."
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American Indians, 2001.
A description of the effect of American independence on the Indian society.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American history from 1607 to 1877. The paper answers a variety of questions pertaining to the coming of Europeans to the continent and how it changed the Indian society. The paper also points out the pressures that the Indians faced soon after the American War of Independence.
From the Paper
"The American Indians are a group of diverse people of North, Central and South America and the Caribbean islands who in many respects resemble the Mongoloid people of Asia, which has a led to their classification as a subtype of the Mongoloid race. However their physical diversity and the possession of certain features not common among Mongoloids suggests other origins. The ensuing section of the essay will deal with a few relevant issues of the American Indians with respect to the coming of the Europeans in the continent."
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The Hopi and American Society, 2001.
A look at the acculturation problems faced by the Hopi people in modern American society.
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the culture of the Hopi people with a focus on their history the problems the Hopi now face regarding acculturation into American culture.
From the Paper
"The Hopis were first contacted by foreigners when Spanish conquistadors discovered their villages in 1540. In 1629, Spanish missionaries began to settle on Hopi land and tried in vain to convert the Indians to the Catholic faith. In protest, the Hopis joined with neighboring tribes facing the same persecution in the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680, causing the destruction of several Spanish missions throughout the southwest. When the Spanish returned to conquer the Rio Grande pueblos nine years later they did not venture as far west as Hopi territory. The Hopis lived virtually unbothered for more than a century until they became part of the United States at the end of the Mexican War in 1848. As Americans began to settle the southwest, the question of land rights arose. In 1882 President Chester A. Arthur established a 3,863-square-mile reservation for the Hopis (Hieb 1994). Now under U.S. government control, a culture that had remained practically unchanged for centuries began to feel the strong influence of an encroaching and far bigger society called America. "
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The Trail of Tears, 2001.
This paper centers on the Trail of Tears, a perilous journey by the Cherokee people.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper centers on the Trail of Tears, a perilous journey by the Cherokee people. The author discusses the round-up of Native Americans in Georgia and the subsequent abuse suffered by them. Explanations for the expulsion of the Cherokees from the South are given.
From the Paper
"Herded like cattle, they left behind all of their belongings and the remnants of their past lives. Their land was given to their suppressors, and they were left with next to nothing. This is the story of the Cherokee removal, the Trail of Tears. 'Long time we travel on way to new land. People feel bad when they leave old nation. Womens cry and make sad wails. Children cry and many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. Many days pass and people die very much. We bury close by trail.' This quote by a full-blood Cherokee is the epitome of their journey."
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Native American Participation in the Vietnam Conflict, 1998.
An argumentative paper about the contributions and participation of Native Americans in the Vietnam War and their mistreatment.
3,265 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 7 sources, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the Native Americans who fought in Vietnam. The author stresses the Native American participation in nearly all America's wars and the important role that they have played in American history arguing that their appreciation and recognition has been ignored.
From the Paper
"Native American participation in the Vietnam War has been greatly ignored. Not much is mentioned about Native American participation in the Vietnam War. Why is this? It is not as if Native American participation in America?s wars is something new. Ever since the days of the Revolutionary War, the United States has sought the help of Native American allies. Later, in the Civil War Native Americans were highly sought by both sides, the north and the south. Basically in every war the United States has participated in, so have Native Americans. Even after the conflicts that have come between the U.S. and Native Americans, the U.S. armed services received contributions in its war efforts from Native Americans. Native Americans have always seemed to have been ready and willing to go to war."
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Native American Stereotypes in James F. Cooper's "The Last of the Mohicans", 2001.
An analysis of the novel with emphasis on the use of stereotypes.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 74.95
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Reconciling American Law and Native-American Culture, 2001.
A look at the treatment of Native American's rights under the U.S. constitutional law.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses treatment of Native Americans? rights to their sacred sites under US Constitutional law. Three law journal articles are reviewed and utilized to form a thesis promoting the concept of communal religious rights. Historical background is provided also.
From the Paper
"The first clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America states: ?Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.?[1] However, throughout U.S. history, the federal government has deliberately restricted and prohibited the religious practices of North America?s indigenous Native Americans. Rather than confront this severe blight on the country?s human rights record, the various branches of the Euro-cultured U.S. government gloss over past transgressions of First Amendment rights, even as they attempt to justify new violations of Native Americans? religious rights."
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Leslie Marmon Silko's Novel "Ceremony", 2000.
A look at how the central character of the novel is healed by returning to his Indian roots.
3,420 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This essay is an in-depth look at Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko's novel "Ceremony", analysing how the central character Tayo heals his psychological disorder by returning to his Indian roots and seeking the help of a medicine man.
From the Paper
""Ceremony" opens with a dream that the main character and World War II veteran, Tayo, is having concerning a plethora of thoughts and emotions concerning different cultures he has been exposed to throughout his life. The dream involves voices from many different races, the races that Tayo has positively or negatively dealt with in his life. The voices include Spanish (a man singing a familiar love song), Japanese (angry voices of soldiers), and Laguna (the voice of his Uncle Josiah bringing him fever medicine). The mixture of these races in Tayo?s mind made him mad even in his sleep. The dream represents a lifetime struggle Tayo has had with the negativity of differentiating cultures. He started life as a mixed blood child, never as well accepted as his brother Rocky and never happy with his placement. His negative experience in the war increased reasoning for Tayo to despise the whites that had taken culture from his ancestors. He was able to get along with fellow soldiers during the war, it was afterward that he realized the anti-Indian attitude expressed in his habitat. In his only exhibit of disgust towards whites after the war Tayo states that ?The war was over, the uniform was gone. All of a sudden that man at the store waits on you last, makes you wait until all the white people bought what they wanted. And the white lady at the bus depot, she?s real careful not to touch your hand when she counts out your change. You watch it slide across the counter and you know? You know!? (Silko 42). Not only does Tayo have to deal with his knowledge of the reality of his situation as an Indian, he has no one on the reservation to completely relate to, as he has the additional problem of being mixed blood. His conflict with this is seen when his fellow veteran and peer, Emo, angrily labels him as a ?half-breed.?"
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