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"The Two Worlds of the Washo" ( James Downs ), 1999.
Summary of anthropological study of social organization & family system of Indian tribe of CA.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"THE TWO WORLDS OF THE WASHO
Introduction
The Two Worlds of the Washo, an Indian Tribe of California and Nevada by Downs (1966) presents a single tribal culture as a whole. Traditional patterns of subsistence techniques, rituals and religion, kinship, and social organization are portrayed. Changes brought about through interaction with the white man are also related. This book analysis focuses on the relationship between cultural social organization, and subsistence, economic, political, and belief systems for the Washo.
Social Organization & Group Systems
The Washo cultural social organization consisting of kinship patterns, marriage patterns, and /or forms of organization are described. Society functions in a manner such that its members.."
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English Captured by American Indians, 1999.
Examines positive & negative experiences of colonists taken captive, focusing on early 18th Century kidnapping of 7 year-old girl who chose to stay with Mohawks.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine issues surrounding the story of captivity of seven-year-old Eunice Williams by Indians in early eighteenth-century Deerfield, Massachusetts, as well as her subsequent decision, first made as an adolescent and repeatedly confirmed as an adult, to remain with the Mohawk Indians at Kahnawake instead of rejoining her biological family. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Eunice's captivity became an issue and then to explore possible reasons that she chose to remain at Kahnawake, with reference to Demos's The Unredeemed Captive and to Axtell's analysis of the not uncommon phenomenon of colonial-era Europeans who made choices similar to that of Eunice Williams.
A raid made by Indians on the Puritan settlement of Deerf.."
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American Indian Movement, 1999.
Origins of AIM and the evolution of activism. Looks at the organization, leadership, major issues, fish-ins, urbanization, Alcatraz protest, response of governtment and " Wounded Knee" occupation.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The Beginning of the American Indian Movement
Introduction
The American Indian Movement (AIM) was born out of the civil unrest and protest of discontented urban populations in the mid-1950s and 1960s in the United States. However, it should be understood that AIM was only one organization in a system of American Indian activism that dates back to centuries of mistreatment of Indian people. Despite its all-inclusive name, AIM was never accepted as a voice by all Indian peoples. Thus, an analysis of the organization, its founding and its success must be placed in the larger context of Indian protest activity, which existed before the founding of AIM and continued in many ways separate throughout AIM's existence.
Early Indian Protest Activity and Collective Action.."
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Anasazi Cannibalism, 1999.
Evaluates archaeological evidence for cannibalism among American Southwest people. Looks at the functions & significance of death-related rituals, research findings, methods & interpretations.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 15 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"Evidence for the practice of cannibalism by the Anasazi people of the American Southwest has been growing during the last three decades. As archaeologists have excavated new sites and re-examined findings from previously explored locations, the taphonomic and forensic analysis of human skeletal remains has led to a hypothesis of cannibalism at as many as 28 Anasazi sites. Though the first suggestion of cannibalism was made in 1902, the absence of any sign of such a practice in the ethnographic literature may have mitigated against thorough investigation of the notion. But with the systematic application of the methods of physical anthropology archaeologists have steadily produced a body of cases in which cannibalism seems the most likely explanation of anomalous states and dispositions of human remains. The reasons behind the practice--whether it was.."
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Buddhist, Christian & Lakota Native America Rituals, 1999.
Examines impact of language & oral & written culture on religious practices. Analyzes texts, theology, linguistics, authority, belief systems and myth.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine ways in which the difference between oral and written culture affects the ritual life, with reference to the religious traditions of Christianity and Buddhism, as well as the religion of the Lakota/Teton Native American tradition. The plan of the research will be to set forth the cultural context in which the anthropology of religion predicated of a linguistic tradition marked by written and unwritten modes of communication may be discerned, and then to discuss how the linguistic shape that a culture assumes may have an impact on the ritual practices of Buddhist, Christian, and Native American cultures.
That there is a connection between the shape of cultural development and the language of a given culture has long been acknowledged by the scholarly community. As Wells puts it: .."
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The Spanish & Southwest Indian Tribes, 1997.
Examines history of desert Indians' culture, impact of Spanish religious & political imperialism & late 20th century efforts to revitalize Indian life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This examination of the Spanish treatment of the Arizona and Southwest Indian tribes will first consider those peoples and their relationships with each other. By first looking at the possible origin of the Southwestern U.S. Indian tribes, one can see who the Spaniards encountered in the late 1700s and thus know what effect the Spaniards would have on them. Additionally, one might understand what those tribes are doing about that effect today.
Both Fr. Kino, the Catholic priest delegated by Spain to oversee the exploration of the Southwest, and Capt. Manje, the military officer overseeing the soldiers assigned to this operation, had their own reasons for writing the documents they left, so one can also see what they thought they were doing and compare that to what they actually did, see what legacy they.."
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Trail of Tears, 1997.
Examining the background and rationale for and the devastating effects of 800-mile forced resettlement of Cherokees by government in 1838-1839.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"This paper is an examination of the Trail of Tears, an 800-mile journey that effectively destroyed the Cherokee Nation. The enforced resettlement occurred because white settlers coveted Cherokee lands and believed they had a superior claim. The nearly 4,000 deaths that resulted, perhaps as much as one-fourth of the entire population, stand as a remarkable, shameful illustration of inhumane treatment on a breathtaking scale. The Trail of Tears was a death march, a devastating chapter in the spectacularly successful campaign by European settlers to clear the New World not only of underbrush and other impediments to farming but also of the original inhabitants. Because they were members of an alien race, the Cherokee could not fit into the Europeans' plans, even when the Indians tried. They were doomed for annihilation simply because they were different and in the.."
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American-Indians & Education in California, 1997.
Examines history of failures & racism of system. Looks at culture's family issues, curriculum, dropout & graduation rates and reform suggestions.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" California Indians and Public Education
During the past two centuries, American Indians have endured enormous changes in their history and cultures. The United States government has attempted alternatively to assimilate and terminate their nations. Despite these efforts, they have managed to maintain a tenacious, often perilous hold on their way of life (Campbell vii). Unfortunately, the education system in the United States has often been the means of disseminating policies and attitudes detrimental to American Indians (Campbell vii). Throughout the United States, Indian students have experienced disproportionate levels of school failure in educational systems organized, administered, and controlled by members of the dominant Anglo group (Cummins 3).
The historic pattern of failure of Indian students in the.."
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American-Indian Removal Policy, 1997.
History & effects of relocation policy of President Andrew Jackson. Provides legal, religious, economic & political rationale.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
" INTRODUCTION
American Indian life has been based on endurance, on the ability to survive and adapt. At one time, the Native American population was much larger than it is today and ruled the entire continent. The coming of Europeans also meant the beginning of a policy of extermination, a genocidal war against a people because they had a different worldview, a different religion, and were in possession of vast tracts of land whose resources the Europeans wanted to exploit. There was a fundamental difference between the way Europeans viewed the world and its relationship to the human community and the way Native Americans viewed these issues. Europeans believed God had given them dominion over nature, while Native Americans believed that humanity had links to the chain of being of living nature and were part of it instead of.."
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Wounded Knee, 1997.
Analyzes 1890 massacre of Lakota Sioux by U.S. Army troops in South Dakota. Legal, historical, cultural, racial, military, spiritual & ethical aspects; leadership, motivations, conflicting accounts, Ghost Dance and cover-up.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 15 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
" On a winter day at the end of December of 1890, U.S. Army troops confronted a band of Lakota Sioux near Wounded Knee, South Dakota. Abruptly, shooting broke out. By the time it ended, some 30 soldiers and as many as 300 Lakota were dead, a majority of the latter women and children.
Such was the battle--or massacre--of Wounded Knee, the last significant episode of the nineteenth-century Indian Wars, and the last ghost of an effort by American Indians to assert their independence in a traditional context. For some years thereafter, several thousand Army troops--then a substantial fraction of the U.S. Army--remained stationed near Indian reservations to suppress any potential uprisings. Even in the opening years of the twentieth century, when the Army was called upon to garrison the Philippines in the aftermath of the Spanish.."
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome & American Indians, 1997.
Examines purpose, provisions, effectiveness, service delivery, fundings, benefits, eligibility requirements & theories of Seattle Indian Alcohol Program; health care for Australian Aborigines.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"REDUCING THE FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME RATE AMONG NATIVE-AMERICAN POPULATIONS: AN ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC LAW 100-713
Introduction
The infant mortality rate for Native-Americans is elevated in comparison to that for European-Americans (Williams & Collins, 1995, p. 355). One of the contributing factors is alcohol abuse among pregnant Native-American women. Young Native-Americans are characterized by higher levels of alcohol consumption than any other racial or ethnic population group in the United States.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) affects a much higher proportion of Native-American babies (six-times more than the general population) because of higher rates of maternal alcoholism.."
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Dawes Act of 1887, 1997.
Examines disastrous failure of law aimed at alloting land to & improving lives of Native Americans.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The land allotment program of the Dawes Act was a total failure in terms of improving conditions for Native Americans.
The Dawes Severalty Act, also called the General Allotment Act, was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887. The Act stipulated that Native Americans give up their tribal lands in return for individual land grants. Sponsored by Senator Henry Laurens Dawes, the Dawes Act was intended to promote the integration of the Indians into the homesteading way of life. The main effect of the Dawes Act, however, was to open up Indian territory to white settlers. As a land-rich tribe, the Sioux Nation was particularly vulnerable to changes in federal government land policy. Consequently, the Sioux lost a significant portion of their tribal lands as a result of the Dawes Act.
The Dawes Act of 1887 was the most important piece of.."
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Bering Strait Crossings, 1997.
An archeological analysis of the cross-cultural influences of peoples crossing between Siberia and Alaska over land or sea. Discusses evidence, theories and examples.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The earliest human beings to enter the American continent crossed the Bering land bridge between Siberia and Alaska at various times between 11,000 and 40,000 years ago. They were stone-age hunters who followed herds of large animals across the bridge and, eventually, down into North and South America. Because, after 11,000 BP (years before the present), the level of the Bering Sea rose and cut off this means of access, the American continents have sometimes been called "a laboratory for modern man" (Farb 3). The people who moved into these new territories brought their culture with them. But, their material culture was extremely limited, as with most migratory stone-age peoples, and any material objects made of organic materials have long since vanished, leaving primarily a few bone tools and the technological tradition of spear points as their only legacy."
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"History of the Indes" ( Bartolome De Las Casas ), 1996.
Critical review of 16th Cent. political & moral critique of Spanish experience in New World from 1492 to 1520.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" Bartolome de las Casas, in History of the Indies, presents a history of the Spanish experience in the New World from 1492 to 1520. Las Casas, however, wants to do much more than merely give a factual account of that experience. He more importantly delivers a moral and political critique of the Spanish rule in the Americas, and it is a severe ethical indictment, indeed. The author wants to make the world aware of the inhumanity of the treatment of the native population and of Spanish slaves, and to show the terrible human, political, economic and moral costs of those actions to not merely the New World but also to the nation of Spain.
As Andree Collard writes in his Introduction to the book, "Spain in the sixteenth century had Bartolome de las Casas . . . (1474-1566)" to "denounce these human failings." He "was a man.."
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"When The Legends Die" by Hal Borland, 1996.
Review of & personal response to Ute Indian's struggle to find his place in white culture while preserving traditional cultural connections.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"When the Legends Die (Borland, 1963) describes the struggle of Tom Black Bull, a Ute Indian born shortly before 1910, to find his place in the world. Because his father is a fugitive, Tom?s childhood is spent in the mountains of Colorado with only his parents, living as Indians had lived for generations, hunting and gathering, in harmony with the land and with animals. During his boyhood, Tom?s father and then his mother die, but Tom continues to live in the mountains with a bear cub he calls his brother.
When Tom is eleven, Blue Elk, paid by the Indian agent, brings Tom to the reservation school where he and his bear cub are held captive. When Tom escapes, he discovers that Blue Elk has stolen his belongings and burned his lodge. With no home remaining, Tom returns to the reservation school where he dresses like a white and does..."
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Haida Indian Culture, 1996.
Ethnographic study of culture, social organization, Anglo influence, system of status, fishing of native people of British Columbia & Alaska.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Raven, the spirited trickster, became bored with flying above the endless sea in the darkness of perpetual night. He looked skyward and saw glimmering specks of light amid the blackness. Curious, he flew higher to explore. And when he returned, he was carrying a large ball of fire which he had stolen from the sky. According to Haida Indian mythology, Raven had stolen the sun. Its light brought forth creatures from the sea.
Raven continued to fly, fascinated by the sights and sounds below. One day he saw a giant clamshell which made strange noises. After much coaxing, Raven convinced the shy creatures inside to leave the shell. These proved to be the first Haida human beings. They would not be the last.
This research examines the changes in culture experienced by..."
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Decline of Native American Culture, 1996.
Examines economic, political, social & historical factors eroding tribal culture. Role of govt., drugs & alcohol, reservations, employment, gambling revenue.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The issue is whether a minority group can preserve its culture in a pluralistic society, and the answer depends on what degree of culture is being considered and what specific minority group is under discussion. The Native American population represents one of the most invisible of all American minority groups for most of the country, for much of the population has been relegated to reservations on land separated from the majority society to a great degree. On the reservation, the native population has been able to maintain certain traditions, but long before the current reservation system came into being, the onslaught of white society has been such that the Native American population was reduced in numbers, removed from its former lands, cut off from much of what constituted its culture, and morally and spiritually damaged as well."
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Amer-Indian Survival, 1996.
History of whites' racist philosophy & destruction of Indians in U.S., taking of lands, Hopis & Navajos, Relocation Act of 1974.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"In the first half of the nineteenth century, the American Anglo-Saxon ideology of Manifest Destiny laid the foundation for the government's right to territorial and economic expansion. The American republic was deemed a white Anglo-Saxon republic. Hence, white races would be readily absorbed into the nation, but nonwhite races would not be welcome. Using these arguments as a base, the government was able to justify the annexation of areas that were heavily populated with "inferior" races and the country shaped policies that reflected its belief that Indians were inferior and expendable (Horsman 226)."
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"First Person, First Peoples" by Andre Garrod & Colleen Larimore, 2001.
Discusses book about personal experiences of Native American college students. Social & cultural forces.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The plight of the Native American in today?s society is compelling to consider; it is a struggle that is universally recognized, and yet is also universally misunderstood. As is true with all ethnic groups, there exists within the Native American community a multiplicity of traditions, ethics, and cultures: the ?Native American? clan is the sum of many radically differing parts. In Andrew Garrod and Colleen Larimore?s collection, First Person, First Peoples, a host of Native American graduates of Dartmouth College contribute autobiographies detailing their personal experiences in a predominantly white, upscale institution such as the Ivy League. In offering the reader a portfolio of writers with which to become acquainted, Garrod and Larimore take an important step in clarifying some of the many distinctions that shape the Native..."
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