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Repatriation of The Native American Sacred Pipe, 2002.
Study of the significance of the Pipe in Native American culture.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Since the earliest beginnings of their culture, Native American tribes used ceremonial smoking as a traditional means of dignifying many important activities, such as rallying forces for warfare, conducting trade discussions, negotiating for a bride, or settling disputes over land. Treaties were signed over a Pipe, couples were and still are married over one. Making vows or signing a name over a Pipe ensured that the vows or agreement would never be broken, because it had been sanctified by the Creator.
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Lakota Sioux Vision Quest, 2002.
Discussion of the Lakota Sioux Vision Quest and its significance to the Lakota religion.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
One of the most important rites in the Lakota religion is the vision quest. This paper goes on to elaborate on this area of the Lakota religion.
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Who Are The Native Americans?, 2002.
Examines the misconception people have of Native Americans and the causes of these misconceptions.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Often people have the wrong concept of an American Indian. Children 's conception of Native Americans often is developed from the media. Often Native Americans are sent to school and lose their concept of the Native American as well as the language of their people.
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Mary Rowlandson's Captivity, 2002.
A look at the style of narrative used by Mary Rowlandson who spent three months as a captive with the Naragansett Indians in the seventeenth century.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Mary Rowlandson's description of her experiences being held captive by Indians during the Metacom Wars in17th century New England represent the birth of a narrative genre. What characterizes the Rowlandson's narrative as particular is both the vivid detail of her experience and the ways her survival is woven through the Calvinist doctrine's of New England's Puritan religious communities. The narrative itself represents the sheer trauma of Rowlandson's experiences in a language that appeals relentlessly to salvation discourse and it is apparent that her religious passions sustained her to some degree during her three months as a hostage with the Naragansett Indians. It is also difficult to deny the ways the narrative is written after-the-fact and represents a particular reconstruction of the experience. It is in reading the narrative is a context of post-traumatic writing that it becomes possible to understand how Rowlandson's writing constitutes a particular act of recovery.
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Wounded Knee, 2002.
An overview of the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 and how it affected the relationships between Native and European Americans until the present day.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
In the 1990s, the South Dakota community of Wounded Knee remains a tiny village of less than 100 persons, but its name commands a most symbolic and also sinister connotation in the history or relations between the United States and its aboriginal peoples. In this paper's discussion of the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890, it is emphasized how what might seem an obscure event in the history of interaction between European-Americans and the American Indians was to become a powerful symbolic event of significance to the present day. The very mention of Wounded Knee brings to mind numerous issues of great emotive and political meanings.
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The Trail of Tears, 2002.
An overview of the events where the United States government forced the Cherokee on a "Trail of Tears" which ultimately led to the death of thousands and the downfall of this Native American tribe.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In 1838, the Cherokee nation was effectively removed, in its entirety, by the government of the Unites States of America. The forced removal was part of an effort to both neuter the Cherokee, one of the strongest native Nations and to grab all of the land upon which it had lived for, in various forms, thousands of years. The forced march was named, The Trail Of Tears, for a variety of reasons. It forced the natives from their ancestral home, it was a death march and it placed the Cherokee in an alien land, virtually devoid of anything which would allow them to continue living in their traditional manner. The Trail of Tears resulted in thousands of deaths, the separation of families and has been considered in hindsight as an attempt at genocide. The eviction and forced march, which came to be known as the Trail of Tears, took place during the fall and winter of 1838-39 and was badly mismanaged. Inadequate food supplies led to terrible suffering, especially after frigid weather arrived. About 4,000 Cherokees died on the one-hundred and sixteen-day journey, many because the escorting troops refused to slow or stop so that the ill and exhausted could recover. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the motivations for the forced exodus from the point of view of the U.S. government, the timeline of the march and the impact it had before, during and after on the Cherokee people. The point of this examination is to, hopefully, develop for the reader a clear understanding of one of the most tragic episodes in the enforcement of Indian Policy by the United States Government.
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Science vs. Spiritualism, 2002.
Analyzes the controversy over DNA testing of Native American remains for the sake of scientific knowledge.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the controversy over DNA testing. The author uses the very recent case of Kennewick Man, the 9,300 year old remains, to discuss some of the issues involved. While science can learn a great deal from studying such remains, Native Americans are opposed to such testing because they feel it violates their beliefs. They do not like the idea of scientists studying and classifying remains, as they feel such studies are often racially motivated and damages their chances of reclaiming artifacts under the North American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. While the Kennewick Man case ended up in court, DNA testing proceeded and failed to uncover any conclusive results, resulting in the return of the artifacts to five Native American tribes. Cases such as Kennewick Man and a similar aborigine case in Australia have no easy answers; however, non-destructive testing may allow for less invasive treatment of human remains. In any case, the decision to test remains should be left to Native American descendants, not government committee.
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Home at Last: The Stockbridge-Munsee Band of the Mahican Nation, 2002.
Analyzes the history of the Mahican Indians and what ultimately became of the Stockbridge-Munsee group.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Focusing on what would eventually become the Stockbridge-Munsee band, this paper provides a historical overview of the tribe from its earliest known existence. The author traces the background of the tribe, with an emphasis on how the Europeans changed the tribe's way of life by commercially exploiting their tribe, forcing western ideas upon them and constantly uprooting them. The author closes the piece by examining their current situation, in which it is argued that the tribe seems to have found a home and has good prospects for the future.
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"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", 2002.
An analysis of Dee Brown's text on the battles against the Native Americans during the late 1800s.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Dee Brown's "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" is a deeply researched account of the destruction of the American Indian in the late 1800s, ending at the Battle of Wounded Knee. "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee", opens a door into our past. As with any book of this sort, "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" has a few shortcomings.
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Native Literature and Colonialism, 2002.
Discusses the role of Native Literature in Canada and the United States in the witnessing and resisting of colonialism.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Colonialism in Canada and the United States has had a significant and detrimental effect on Native peoples and their cultures. By virtue of its very existence, Native literature speaks against colonialism through stories that both demonstrate injustice and point to the possibility of renewing Native identity and restoring vitality to Native culture. Contemporary Native writing is unavoidably connected to the oral tradition. Its power to resist colonialism can be found, therefore, in its capacity to continue the process of passing Native culture, knowledge and identity from generation to generation.
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"American Holocaust", 2002.
A review of the book "American Holocaust American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" by historian David Stannard.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how David Stannard, in his book "American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World" describes the European settlement in America as the most massive act of genocide in the history of the world, focusing on how the native Indian population were all but wiped out by white settlement. It evaluates how the author's thesis is that the perpetrators of the American holocaust based their actions on the same Christian ideology as those of the Nazi holocaust. It looks at how Stannard uses a variety of historical evidence to argue his thesis including newspapers, Congressional records and the journal entries of European settlers. It also analyzes how the author makes a strong argument for his case and how he makes a distinct the bias against the white settlers, with their actions seeming to be emphasized more than is necessary and them being presented as racist.
From the Paper
"While the research is thorough, it does appear that Stannard is biased towards presenting the Indian population as better than the white people. In the first part of the book, Stannard describes the rich culture and the attitude of the native Indians. Stannard argues that they are a kind and generous people. This includes the argument that the Indian population were probably open to working with the white people, but were not given the opportunity. Stannard provides anecdotes to make this point. This includes stories such as one where a tribe low on food met another tribe without food. The first tribe shared their goods with the second tribe. By using such anecdotes, the author suggests that the Indians are the better people. This anecdote also compares the Indians with the white settlers. The Indians were able to accept another tribe as their own people, while the Americans were biased against those with differences. This is a common argument the author makes, often referring to the white settlers as racist."
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The French Conquest of Canada, 2002.
This paper studies the impact of the French arrival in and settlement of Canada.
3,566 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper claims that French relations with the native people can best be understood in light of all the European explorations to the new lands. According to the writer, the French did not consider the native people inhabiting Canada as their equals, and thus were not hesitant to enforce French Catholicism and customs. The paper argues that in attempting to "save" the Amerindians by converting them to European civilization and to the Catholic religion, they virtually destroyed the culture of the native people.
From the Paper
"The tone was set for French-native people relations with explorer Jacques Cartier, who took possession of the new land for the king of France. Cartier's relations with the native people began with a lie. When he reached Gaspe Bay in 1534 he raised a 30-foot wooden cross on Point Penouille. More than 200 Iroquois from Stadacona (Quebec) were fishing on the peninsula at the time and they were initially trusting and cordial to Cartier and his men. The cross, however, seemed improper to the Native Chief Donnacona, and Cartier, fearful of the outcome of the discontent and suspicion among the Iroquois, lied by saying that the cross was just an insignificant landmark (The Virtual Museum of New France: Jacques Cartier)."
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Sioux Culture, 2002.
This paper provides a cultural and historical background on the Sioux and the role of music in American Indian cultures.
10,689 words (approx. 42.8 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 212.95
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Abstract
This paper examines both what the Sioux cultures were like before European contact as well as what that culture has evolved into. The paper focuses on the music of this people set within a broader artistic and cultural and even political context. The paper is broken down into four chapters: An introduction into the Sioux people, their musical instruments, the songs of the people, and finally a larger cultural context. The final section of this paper examines the Sun Dance and the Ghost Dance as the two most important single types of musical performance.
From the Paper
"Traditional Sioux of the last century - or the centuries before - would have found the entire idea of putting on their best clothes and going to a concert hall to listen - as relatively passive observers - to a musical performance extremely odd. For them, as for other native peoples of the Americas (and arguably other native peoples throughout the world before the onset of industrialization) music was something that was integrated into the fabric of ritual and everyday life."
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"Indian Killer" and "A House Made of Dawn", 2002.
This paper reviews two novels, both related to Indian Society in the U.S.A. --"Indian Killer", by Sherman Alexie and "A House Made of Dawn", by N. Scott Momaday.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The writer compares and contrasts the works of these two writers whose novels both focus on the issues of cultural ties in a sub-culture that is dominated and oppressed by the white majority. The paper looks first at Sherman Alexie's novel where the main character John is caught between the two cultures, his Indian background by birth and his adopted white family. The paper then continues with a review of N. Scott Momaday's book, set in post-war America and analyzes the characters development as he struggles between the world he once valued and the white world.
From the Paper
"In Alexie's murder story, a serial killer is operating in Seattle and leaving behind scalped corpses decorated with owl feathers. This leads to a good deal of anti-Indian rhetoric and some street violence, both white against Indian and Indian against white. The killer is John Smith, an Indian without a tribe, which alone sets him apart from both groups. His name is clearly an ironic reference to the white captain famous for the story of Pocahantas. John is caught between the two cultures, for while he is Indian by birth, he is Adopted by a white couple. He rapidly slips into a delusional fantasy life in which he is the Native American hero able to right all the wrongs inflicted on Native Americans by European settlers and all those who followed."
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Wilma Mankiller, 2002.
A review of the life of feminist leader, Wilma Mankiller.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the life of Wilma Mankiller, former Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, who the writer believes was one of the most important women of the twentieth century. The paper looks at women's rights and the leaders who helped shaped feminism overtime. Through Mankiller's life, the writer presents the various issues of feminism, women in society, female power and equality with men. The writer believes that while Mankiller was an important leader in the Native American ethnic group, she also proved to be a true feminist leader for all women.
From the Paper
"Wilma Mankiller presents a vision of hope to all young minority women who long to be treated according to their character and not their gender. It is her most fervent hope that her election marks the beginning of a new era in Native American and minority women's participation in politics. There is an ancient Oneida prophesy called "the time of the butterfly" that foresees a time when women take the reins of political power in Native American affairs."
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A Story-Teller's Tale, 2002.
An examination of R.K. Narayan's book "A Story-Teller's World".
857 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief analysis of Narayan's book in which he writes about his own world. He tells of his role as a story-teller in Native-American society, the nature of that society, the life of the people, and the way the story-teller takes the details of that world and transforms them through narrative.
From the Paper
"In the first essay in the book, Narayan discusses precisely the art of the story-teller and the way in which the story-teller uses language, stock characters and situations, symbols and the elements of life to entertain and enlighten. Narayan is talking here specifically of a certain type of traditional narrative that has been handed down over time, the legends and the myths that have particular meaning to the Indian people."
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Columbus' True Discovery, 2002.
An argumentative paper about how Christopher Columbus did not really 'discover' America.
1,857 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This study argues that Christopher Columbus did not "discover" America, and that only by twisting reality can it be said that he or any European "discovered" a land which was already inhabited by other human beings. The writer argues that the basis of this twisting of reality is that the inhabitants of the "New World" were less than human beings, and therefore it cannot be said that the land was inhabited at all, but was instead populated by semi-humans, by near-animals, by non-Christian savages with no civilized qualities. In reality, however, the "Indians" Columbus "discovered" were indeed human beings with a subtle civilization and a fully developed religious belief system. The writer continues his argument that Columbus did not "discover America" because it had already been discovered and populated by human beings long before his arrival.
From the Paper
"William M. Davidson and Henry Noble Sherwood argue in separate articles that Columbus was indeed a great man who discovered America. Davidson calls Columbus "The Great Navigator" and says that in Columbus "passion for discovery rose to the dignity of an inspiration" (Davidson 248). Sherwood writes that Columbus and his men found "naked savages" in the new land and that Columbus treated them well (Sherwood 253). It is crucial to the argument that Columbus "discovered America" that the context be established first in which the beings which inhabited that land are thoroughly dehumanized. The more that dehumanization process can be carried out, the more easily Columbus and his fellow Europeans and descendants can argue that there were no truly human beings when Columbus arrived and therefore it has to be said that he did indeed "discover" that land. The more one sees the natives as animals, as savages with no concept of God, the more one can argue that Columbus discovered the land on which they live. Accordingly, whether the Europeans brutalized the natives of the "New World" or treated them well though condescendingly, in their own minds and to one another the Europeans in general sought to portray the natives as less than human."
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Gaming Law, 2002.
An analysis of of the legal implications of the Stocker Wannabi Tribe's project to construct and operate a Las Vegas style gambling casino on their land.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at whether the Stocker Wannabi Tribe will ultimately be able to move forward with its project to construct and operate a Las Vegas style gambling casino on its reservation in Mio will ultimately be decided by the federal courts. By examining the legal stance of the casino and other similar cases, it attempts to put forward strong public policy reasons which justify rejection of the project.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court made it clear in California v. Cabaron Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987), that gaming on the reservations of recognized Indian tribes cannot be prohibited by a state "unless the state interests at stake are sufficient to justify the exercise of state authority." The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (IGRA), 25 U.S.C. 2700 et seq., provided the states with a share in the regulation of Las Vegas types games but limited state power in the area of Class II games which were defined to include card games such as blackjack which were in fact in legal operation in Michigan prior to 1988. The proposed casino insofar as its games were limited to Class II games would survive state challenge, but, of course, many other forms of gambling are contemplated at Miso."
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The American Indian Pacer Parent Education Program, 2002.
This paper look at the Pacer Parent Education Program for Native American parents of disabled children.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper gives an evaluation of a parent training program, the American Indian PACER program, designed and implemented to provide education and supportive services to Native American families with disabled children. The writer describes the program and reviews the literature, leading to an evaluation of the success of the program and concluding with recommendations for the improvement of the program.
From the Paper
"What makes the American Indian program special is that it not only provides all of the customary parent training given in all PACER programs, it does so in a culturally relevant and culturally sensitive manner by using Native American counselors and presenting information in a fashion that is relevant and meaningful for Native Americans. In terms of program specifics, the American Indian program offered by PACER offers workshops for parents in which they learn about special education rights and responsibilities."
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