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The Most Dominating Aspect of Family Law, 2008.
This paper looks at the most prominent and important aspect of family law and concentrates on the domestic realm.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer expands on the belief that the most dominating aspect of family law is that it pertains to the domestic sphere. Further, the writer examines the repercussions of this domestic aspect of family law. The writer notes that one can see that the dominant aspect of Canadian family law with regard to both divorce and common law couples has changed. Moreover, this was also the dominant aspect with regard to the very nature of families, in that same-sex relationships have been legitimized to the full extent of the law. The writer points out that the last-mentioned change is certainly the most dramatic, setting Canada ahead of social trends in most countries, and illustrating perhaps most clearly of all how much Canadian family law has changed.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of family law that has been dominated by change has been the important sphere of divorce law. Boyd points out that at the beginning of the 20th century, people rarely divorced. However, a century later, divorce has become common-place. In fact, in many Canadian class rooms, there are more children from "broken" families than from intact families. As the century progressed, people became more willing to break their marriage vows and start over. Also, as divorce become more and more commonplace, people began to feel less guilt and failure about getting a divorce. Moreover, it is now a more secular time, and many people simply do not take their church vows as seriously. Canadian family law seems to have recognized this softening of social attitudes towards divorce, because it has made a series of changes to divorce law. Perhaps the most salient change has been that it has become much easier to obtain a divorce, particularly with the introduction of the concept of so-called "no-fault" divorce."
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Aviation Security, 2007.
This paper uses content analysis to examine the issue of aviation security following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, using content analysis to test the hypothesis surrounding aviation security, two press releases from the Government Accountability Office website were examined for common terms and references to aviation security measures. The author points out that this methodology focused on how the communications referred to aviation security and how frequently mention was made of changes in specific responses to the September 11 attacks. The author relates that this analysis identified that aviation security was breached due to inherent flaws in the system. The paper states that content analysis revealed that the current decentralized system with different parties responsible for various elements of aviation security is not optimal. The author stresses that terrorism is seen as unethical and politically illegitimate because its political aim is to kill the innocent. The paper includes a table and a graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Scope of the Study and the Uses of Content Analysis
Weaknesses of the Aviation Security: Using Content Analysis to Identify Trends
Aviation Security Current Position and Challenges Ahead: Content Analysis as a Prediction Mechanism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) lax security measures, that had individuals who did not undergo background checks accessing and breaching the security of the air traffic control computer systems. Dillingham also identified that the FAA did not assess and accredit the air traffic control computer systems, perform the appropriate risk assessments to ensure that the computer system that was central to the aviation system was protected, nor did the FAA establish and implement any comprehensive security program."
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Abortion in America: Two Sides of a Simmering Conflict, 2007.
A discussion of the argument between the pro-choice and pro-life supporters in America.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the long-debated issue of abortion and explores how the controversy has been portrayed in the mainstream media. The paper highlights one instance wherein Ronald Reagan (a champion of anti-abortion conservatives) is turned into a metaphor for moral hypocrisy - thereby, by extension, tainting his followers as such. The paper also looks at how the bias in the media and the portrayal of both sides is surprisingly fair, but when "emotional" language or prejudicial, "loaded" phrases are used, it tends to be in favor of pro-abortion activists and in opposition to anti-abortion crusaders.
From the Paper
"The argument between the pro-choice and pro-life crowds appears to be essentially one over whether or not a woman has complete domain over the reproductive process (from start to finish) or whether a fetus deserves to be treated as a full-fledged human being with the same right to be secure from bodily injury and death. The parties involved, as one would expect, divide (almost without exception) between conservatives on one side and liberals on the other; it may also be said that those who are religious (such as Christians) are considerably more opposed to abortion than those who are secular in their orientation."
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Peter Singer and Abortion, 2008.
A critical analysis of Peter Singer's views on the conservative position on abortion.
702 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Peter Singer's criticism of the conservative position vis-a-vis abortion is not without merit. Specifically, the paper argue that Singer's stance that the unborn are not really human is credible if one recognizes that fetuses (as a general medical rule) cannot survive independent of the mother before at least five months have elapsed. The paper suggests that his arguments are tolerable within tight limitations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Body of Paper
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Still, while it is easy to sharply criticize Singer for his cavalier attitude towards the unborn, a case can be presented that abortion - and the idea that fetuses are non-human - is tolerable within tight limitations. Specifically, any fetus which is present in the mother's womb before 18-20 weeks is most likely incapable of living outside of the womb; in that sense, it is a part of the mother and, if she so desires, the mother can rid herself of this "part". To put it another way, the fetus is a "bundle of cells" that is clearly not human in even the most generous sense and that makes it, for want of a better term, "disposable". While this writer is not a proponent of abortion as a general rule, it seems intuitive that something incapable of life outside the mother is therefore incapable of being considered a person in the same way that a child is a person. Going further, this sort of approach is perfectly in keeping with Singer's own belief that non-rational beings (the severely disabled, the very young) lacking the capacity for independent thought are also undeserving of the title, "human" (though this writer, as noted in a previous paper, finds Singer's argument in this respect disquieting and unethical)."
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Just War Theory, 2008.
A discussion of just war theory as delineated by two main authors on the subject, Michael Walzer and Brian Orend.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a basic outline of just war theory, drawing from Michael Walzer's book "Just and Unjust Wars" and Brian Orend's book "The Morality of War". Just war theory is used to determine whether or not a war is indeed justifiable. In simplest terms, a war is just if one country imposes moral and physical aggression on another country. The paper uses this theory to examine particular examples from contemporary history, such as the Vietnam War, the Korean War, and the war on Iraq and terrorism. In conclusion, the paper maintains that determining whether a war is just or unjust remains complex and controversial.
From the Paper
"Just war theory begins with a theory of aggression and a consideration of the limits of aggression. Such an approach is not surprising to most people today as it might have been in the past. After the War in Vietnam, the issue of the just war has been much argued as political leaders and the press consider every potential military action and whether or not it can be justified as an ethical and moral decision. War as a defensive measure is more clearly an ethical action, for instance, while any sort of pre-emptive war has to be justified. The current war in Iraq was justified by the Bush administration as a pre-emptive act to defend against purported nuclear weapons (or weapons of mass destruction, as they were called), and such a defensive act would make this a just war. The fact that no such weapons were found after the fact raised numerous questions about the justness of the war, questions which the administration continues to gloss over while trying to justify the war on the basis of crimes committed by Saddam Hussein, or because of supposed terrorist ties, or for whatever reason works best. Orend would not accept such shifting territory as a real justification, and certainly Michael Walzer, the best known theorist on the subject, also would not."
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BlastGard International and BlastWrap, 2008.
An overview of the company BlastGard International and their product known as BlastWrap.
1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how preventing or lessening senseless carnage caused by terrorism is the mission of a small Florida-based hi-tech start-up company called BlastGard International. It looks at how it produces and markets a bubble wrap-like material that, when lining the inside of a garbage can, will absorb and dissipate a blast from a backpack-size-bomb hidden there in less than one thousandth of a second. Called BlastWrap, the material is actually a patchwork of 2.75-inch compartments stuffed with numerous foamy pellets commonly found in potting soil.
From the Paper
"For a start-up company marketing a first-in-breed new technology, though, what matters more than an array of potential market segments is finding an immediate set of customers. For BlastGuard International, the most promising candidate in this respect is the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It allocates almost $100 million annually in the Technical Support Working Group which brainstorms new ideas that might be useful in the war on terrorism. To date, DoD has gone on to invest in such TSWG-sourced ideas as blast-resistant building designs, countermeasures against explosives and weapons of mass destruction, personal-protection equipment, and equipment for military and civilian emergency-response teams for chemical incidents. ("DOD Seeks Technology")"
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Decriminalization of Marijuana, 2008.
This paper argues for the decriminalization of marijuana in the United States.
1,017 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that marijuana laws are costly and ineffective and its decriminalization will allow for a more judicious allocation of funds. The paper argues that decriminalization will undermine the black market and will not precipitate the increased consumption of the narcotic by young people. The paper concludes that the positives of decriminalization certainly outweigh the negatives.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the marijuana laws in America are costly to enforce and inefficacious. For instance, a July 2005 report revealed that federal spending devoted to enforcing criminal sanctions against marijuana use runs to around $4 billion each year - and yet fails to make any perceptible impact upon the country's perception of, or use of, marijuana. What makes the matter more problematic is the fact that the federal government spends more on enforcing marijuana prohibition than it does on policy formulation or on treatment programs (Hemp Information, para.1). Suffice it to say, any laws which are costly and which have little impact upon a perceived problem should be dramatically altered in their scope and application - or struck down entirely."
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Culture and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the different views of Himani Bannerji and Neil Bissoondath relating to the Canadian approach to immigration.
1,072 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the approaches taken by Himani Bannerji and Neil Bissoondath when discussing the Canadian model vis-a-vis immigration. In comparing and contrasting the two, the writer notes that it becomes evident that Bannerji, while she may very well have solid grounds for her vehement stance with regards to Canada and its treatment of new immigrants, is also guilty of being very selective in terms of how she defines the Canadian society of which she is a part. On the other hand, the writer points out that Bissoondath offers a rebuke that, because of its moderate tone and use of example strikes a chord with the reader; more than that, he explains how Canadian approaches to culture institutionalize incompetence and make race a criterion in matters where it should have no place. The writer maintains that in the end, Neil Bissoondath's belief that Canadian multiculturalism encourages omission and self-deception is a stirring critique that resonates.
From the Paper
"At this point, a number of things must be said. First of all, being designated a "visible minority" in Canada does not necessarily have the pejorative connotation Bannerji applies to it. For one thing, "visible minorities" are viewed favorably for affirmative action programs in both the workplace and in post-secondary institutions; secondly, given the aggressive, interventionist nature of Canadian multicultural policies (something Neil Bissoondath will discuss later), it is difficult to countenance the idea that being designated a minority in Canada makes one automatically marginalized - or subject to special "control" by the state. After all, Canada has some of the strongest anti-discrimination and workplace harassment laws in the world; therefore, if anything, being designated a "visible minority" grants someone protection from abuse and (if the wording of federal hiring policies is to be taken seriously) a "leg up" in the scramble for society's spoils."
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American Mass Media, 2008.
This paper analyzes the conflict of mass media versus the individual ethics of journalism in relation to the War in Iraq.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the conflict between mass media organizations and the individual ethics of journalism through the sociological and philosophical views of Max Weber and Aristotle. The paper discusses the capitalistic tendency for mass media to control an "authoritarian" point of view favorable to the American interest in Iraq. The paper focuses on the issue of ethics regarding the lack of an individual's capacity to attain objective news coverage.
From the Paper
"The relative situation in Iraq one now see holds a great lack of overall research into individual perceptions of the War in Iraq, and why journalists tend to look at larger, more sweeping views on the conflict between Americans and Iraqis. In this manner, many mass media journalists seem to focus on the numbers of soldiers involved, the American governments reaction to the war, and other larger macrocosmic focuses that reflect an interest in an American perception, rather than the suffering of the native peoples who have to live through this war. During the coverage of the war, there are often American points of views that define the combat through American perspectives. For instance, journalist George Packer shows an Iraqi woman's point of view and why she wants to side with the Americans."
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Counter-Terrorism Office, 2008.
This paper examines the Counter-terrorism Office of the United States Government - an office which goes by the title, Office of the Coordinator for Counter-Terrorism.
2,468 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the directives which guide the actions of the Office of the Coordinator for Counter-Terrorism, as well as its strategies and tactics, its various functions and programs and how the office is organized. The paper highlights how much changed in America after 9/11, especially for a government branch devoted to intelligence-gathering and to security. The paper discusses how the Counter-terrorism Office has grown, with its associations with other government agencies, increasingly complex and involved.
From the Paper
"Whatever the criticisms leveled against the Bush Administration's "War on Terror" by its critics, few can dispute that the United States must pursue a forceful policy against terrorist activities if it is to secure its safety at home and abroad. Certainly, recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the attention granted to anti-terror measures and institutions in light of the fact that 9/11 proved, once and for all, that America too is vulnerable to terror assaults. In addition to the heightened interest surrounding the anti-terror tools America had in place prior to 9/11, the last five-and-a-half years has borne witness to the creation of new institutions geared expressly to fighting terrorism - the National Counter-Terrorism Center chief among them."
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Bio-Ethics: Rape and Abortion, 2007.
A discussion of ethics on whether a teenage rape victim should have an abortion.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper
"In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
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Destruction of Rainforests, 2008.
This paper discusses the environmental problem of the destruction of the rainforests.
1,046 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the destruction of the tropical rainforests is one of the biggest global environmental problems that one faces today. Although the rainforests are 'local' and confined to certain areas of the world, their destruction is, nevertheless, a global problem, and this is so for several reasons. The writer explains that first, the rainforests are the lungs of the planet. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Rainforests are also sinks, storage reservoirs of natural substances, in particular of carbon. Finally, the writer notes that rainforests are the only habitats of literally thousands and thousands of plant and animal species. The writer discusses that mist developing countries are attempting to improve and develop their economies and deal with population growth and the rainforests represent valuable natural resources and opportunities for export and foreign revenues. The writer concludes that deforestation can be fought by taking into consideration a broad range of issues and applying a broad range of policies and the sustainable management of forestry as well as agriculture. Further more conservation targets must be set, not just for the rainforests but also for the protection of the species diversity they contain.
From the Paper
"Industrial development is also the reason for deforestation in the Amazon, as the region contains mineral deposits of gold, diamonds and other minerals as well a huge supply of fresh water that could potentially supply much hydroelectric energy. Mining is an environmentally devastating economy in itself and requires additional clearing for road or rail development in order to transport the mined minerals. A cattle ranching is also a source of deforestation exclusive to Latin America, although according to Myers it has been on the decrease. One of the ways to deal with deforestation in the Amazon is to focus on more sustainable means of agriculture and less destructive logging methods as well as reforestation. Extractive reserve is an example given by Chasmer and Perry-Globa, (1998) for a way for more sustainable economic development of the Amazon. Rubber tappers collect small amounts of latex from rubber trees each day, which they sell. The trees are not destroyed. These activities can be extended to other forest products in the Amazon: nuts, fruits and vegetables. However, the biggest problem with preserving the rainforest I countries such as Brazil is the fact that these countries must balance conservation with the need for economic development and foreign capital."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2008.
A look at the argument against same-sex marriage.
729 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how in a modern world, those who argue for or against same sex-marriage often fail to realize that marriage is about creating life. It contends that human beings must protect the creation of life as a natural process, lest the scientists that are developing clones and test tube babies acquire the power to control existence on the earth and how for this reason same-sex marriage cannot be acknowledged as comparable to traditional marriages.
From the Paper
"Leslie supports this philosophy by contending that the purpose behind traditional marriage is primarily for the man and woman to create life (sec. 1). Leslie argues that many people within society today view marriage as a means of finding personal gratification only and that this belief is a minor detail in comparison the reality that married couples have the ability to continue the existence of the human race (sec. 1). By focusing on personal pleasure as the reason for marriage to exist, society is failing to understand the significance of marriage as it pertains to the future of the world and those that will lead it. "
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Immigrant Health Care, 2008.
This paper discusses the transitions of care in Canada for older hospitalized immigrant women with chronic pain.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that any hospitalized women can expect to encounter inequality in the health care system. The writer declares that for aging immigrant women, the situation is greatly aggravated because of race, ethnicity, and educational background as well as other factors such as sexism and ageism. Immigrant women not only receive unequal treatment in the healthcare system but very often are invisible to that system. The writer points out that the Canadian government seems to be taking the desired approach but the situation for immigrant women is becoming worse. The writer maintains that instead of resolving the problem, the health care system is basically ignoring the issue because of its own issues with restructuring. It seems that the solution will only come through a firm policy which makes diversity and gender a priority.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale for Choice of Topic
Literature Review
Determinants of health
Gender Roles, Social Status, and Health
Coping
Research Question
My Approach and Goals
From the Paper
"An institution which ensures that women's rights are protected is the Women's Health Bureau which uses a gender lens to study government policy and health disparities. The mandate of the Women's Health Bureau's mandate is to make certain that the Canadian health care system responds to the needs of women (Spitzer, 2006, p. 2). The Women's Health Bureau also assists policymakers and programme planners to undertake gender-based analysis of their work. In addition, there is the Women's Network which works with the government along with other groups."
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The Good Ozone and the Bad Ozone, 2008.
An analysis of the problem of tropospheric ozone and the depletion of the good ozone and the reasons for these problems.
1,644 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ozone and the problems associated with it. It looks at the problem of tropospheric ozone and what causes this problem. It then looks at the problem of ozone depletion and why that is occurring. The paper particularly discusses greenhouse emissions and global warming. Finally, the paper analyzes the issue of the ozone hole and shows how worldwide mobilization of governments and the consequent resolve to deal with and face the issue have made a big difference in finding a solution to the problem at hand.
Table of Contents:
The Good Ozone
The Bad Ozone
From the Paper
"The problem of ozone depletion is an example of an environmental problem that has required a global consensus and a global solution. Nevertheless, the effects of the CFCs will not be so easily overturned, despite the long-term solution. It can serve as a good example of how to effectively deal with environmental problems, and in particular the issue of global warming. The problem of ground the ozone in the troposphere is more an urban problem, which however can be dealt with only through long-term solutions and changes in lifestyle."
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Atlantic Canadian Immigration, 2007.
This paper discuses the problems with attracting and retaining immigrates to Atlantic Canada.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that immigration to Atlantic Canada is important because Canadian immigrants stimulate economic activity through a strong work ethic based on previous experience and, in most cases, university training. The author points out that Canadian immigrants are mostly entrepreneurs of considerable wealth who are willing to invest in the Canadian economy and start their own business. The paper states that Atlantic Canada has a dominant white, poor population owing to a lack of immigration, which is usually non-white. The author stresses that the major stumbling block for immigration to Atlantic Canada is the lack of economic opportunity. The paper concludes that, especially for Atlantic Canada, immigration laws need to focus on making immigration swift and simple and on long-term settlement once immigration has occurred.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Poor Immigration Levels
Reasons behind Low Immigration Levels
Using the Law of Immigration to Promote Atlantic Canadian Economic Prosperity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Atlantic Canada has so little immigration to Canada that the region was not even mentioned once in the body of Statistic Canada's 2004 immigration report. However, a glance over the report's appendix highlights the real inadequacy of Atlantic Canada's immigration problem: for example, only 2.1 percent of Halifax's population constituted "new arrival" status, compared to Toronto's 17.3 percent figure. The lack of immigration to Atlantic Canada is notable upon observation of population levels of Canada's more popular cities. For example, the populations of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have defied national trends and even decreased over the last five years."
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Reconsideration of Abortion Laws, 2008.
An analysis of the problems with the current abortion laws in the United States and an argument in favor of their reconsideration.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the current abortion laws in the United States. It argues that the laws governing abortion need to be tightened considerably. Specifically, the paper argues that rampant abortion in the United States (and throughout the western world) is taking place at a time when more young Americans are needed, not fewer, and where the country is already facing a critical lack of human resources in many areas. It also looks at the potential physical and psychological problems for women who undergo abortions.
From the Paper
"Lastly, there are the physical and psychological effects of abortion. Most notably, there is the definitive risk that an abortion can leave a woman sterile or with other health maladies - especially in nations where medical expertise lag behind the demand for the service (Davanzo & Grammich, 27-28). Suffice it to say, a woman who is rendered sterile in this manner can become deeply depressed (particularly if she is young and childless) and mental illness can follow. As well, it is intuitive to suggest that young women who find themselves inadvertently pregnant and who seek out an abortion may have deep-seated pangs of regret later in life. As a result, American law should - in addition to either restricting or banning outright late-term abortions in all American jurisdictions - pass measures requiring psychological and medical consultations (in addition to spousal and parental notifications) before such a dramatic procedure is undertaken."
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Violence in the Media and the Effect on Children and Adolescents, 2006.
An examination of the relationship between exposure to violent television and video games and the development of aggression in children and adolescents.
2,878 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the amount and types of violence children and adolescents are exposed to, and whether there is a relationship between this exposure and the development of aggression in children and adolescents. The paper explains that thousands of research studies have demonstrated that exposure to violent television and video games tends to lead to the development of aggression in some children and adolescents, however there is no simple causal relationship, i.e. we cannot say for sure that exposure to such violence will lead to aggressive behavior. The paper notes that multiple variables have an impact, such as age and gender of the child, and level of mediation done by parents, and that different media have different effects. In conclusion, the paper shows that research has established that exposure to television and video game violence can lead to the development of aggression in children and adolescents and such exposure tends to desensitize them to violence, and dis-inhibit them from committing acts of violence.
From the Paper
"Violence on television is the most commonly experienced exposure to violence in the lives of most children. While it is common knowledge that there is a great deal of violence on television, it is important to bear in mind that there are many different kinds of violence on television. For example, some shows feature human actors, acting out brutally violent acts, such as murder, rape and torture. While these may not be intended for young children, the reality is that many such children have access to them. At the other extreme, even cartoons usually portray at least some violence. Often this is extreme violence, such as pianos dropping on heads. However, the characters usually do not bleed or die, and they are in any event clearly fictional, so one might expect that the impact is not as great as graphic violence with human actors."
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