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Diet and Fertility, 2008.
An interpretive overview of literature relating to diet and fertility.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review dealing with with aspects aligned to the findings from the research article entitled, "Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Males in Relation to their Mothers Beef Consumption during Pregnancy" by Swan et al. The paper also explores related and concomitant areas of concern that can shed further light on the hypothesis that the ingestion of steroids and other elements via beef by a mother may negatively affect sperm count.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Interpretive Overviews of the Links between Diet and Fertility
General Findings and Studies
Specific Indicators: Prenatal Diet, Environment, Ecology and Fertility
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An impressive overview of this aspect is 'Could hormone residues be involved?' by Frederick S. vom Saal. This paper was written partly as response to the study by Swan et al. Commenting on these findings; the author of 'Could hormone residues be involved?' suggests that, "There is extensive evidence that maternal nutrition and maternal consumption of specific nutrients, drugs and chemicals present in food during pregnancy and lactation can have consequences for subsequent pathophysiology of offspring.""
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Rape in Organized Crime, 2008.
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry.
17,500 words (approx. 70.0 pages), 94 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of rape in organized crime, particularly prostitution and human trafficking for the sex trade industry. It includes the history of rape in organized crime of prostitution and the cultural norms that promoted and advanced this industry during olden times. Thereafter this paper highlights the present dilemma of rape in organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking. Subsequently, the scope of organized crime of prostitution and human trafficking is discussed. Then cultural and societal issues promoting rape and prostitution are highlighted. Next, this paper discusses the underlying causes of rape, prostitution and human trafficking. After that, the reasons for using rape and the effect it has on organized crime are revealed. Subsequently, the impact of rape on the trafficked women and children is uncovered. Consequently, this paper exposes the impact of rape on the organized crime industry of prostitution. Lastly, this paper discusses the relationship between rape, prostitution and law. In addition, there is also an account for why this abhorrent crime has a low reporting and conviction rate in the developed world.
Outline:
Introduction
Section 1: History of Rape and Prostitution
Section 2: The Present Dilemma of Rape in Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 3: The Scope of Organized Crime of Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Section 4: Cultural and Societal Issues Promoting Rape and Prostitution
Section 5: The Underlying Causes of Rape, Prostitution and Human Trafficking
Economic Aspect of Prostitution and Rape
The Relationship between Poverty and Feminization
Underground Economy and Corruption
Individual Factors of Prostitutes
Section 6: Why Rape is Used and the Effect it has in Organized Crime
Ensnaring
Establishing Dependence
Seizing Control
Total Supremacy
Section 7: The Impact of Rape and Violence on the Trafficked Women
Section 8: The Impact of Rape and Prostitution on the Organized Crime Industry
Section 9: Rape, Prostitution and Law
Reasons for Non-Reporting
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition, Leuchtag (2003) asserts that human trafficking for sexual exploitation is quite rarely taken up as a human rights violation. In fact more often than not, it is taken up as a national security issue and/or illegal immigration issue. In addition, very often governments and the criminal justice systems complicate human trafficking with smuggling. What is common across both smuggling and human trafficking is that both involve movement of goods/people across borders through unofficial channels (Leuchtag, 2003). Raymond (2002) in his study criticized the amalgamation of human trafficking with smuggling. He argues that one involves the consent of the parties involved, that is, the exporter and the importer of goods; while the other is a form of slavery being carried out by the organized crime mafia. Moreover, the movement of people across borders involves sexual exploitation and gross violation of basic human rights (Raymond, 2002). The trafficked people are mostly from the poorest part of the world that has been deprived of the basic rights and privileges to begin with. They are taken from being in a position of misery to further suffering in the form of rape, abuse, torture and battering (Carrington and Hearn, 2003)."
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Girls and Computer Gaming, 2008.
Looks at girls and the computer gaming industry from both a feminist and a marketing perspective.
8,585 words (approx. 34.3 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 181.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the significant gender discrepancy in the amount and form of computer use. The writer points out that, as the general public acknowledges that in order for children and youth to participate in this new and quickly changing technical world, they must have a certain degree of interest, comfort and competence in computer use. It is, therefore, the responsibility of society to ensure that girls are just as competent as their male peers in computer use. The paper then attempts to determine the reason for the gender difference in computer games and what changes are required to enhance girls' computer literacy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Feminism and Computer Games
Girls vs. Boys Computer Gaming Interest and Usage
Computer Games for Girls
Marketing Girls' Computer Games
Game Playing Statistics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The impact of these social constructions is very real. They are part of a connection that exists between computer games and later interest and skills in technology that begins even before adolescence and continues throughout a person's lifetime that deals specifically with the gender issue. Females are socialized away from game play, which leads to a self-fulfilling prophesy for technology use: Girls who do not play become women who do not use computing technology or go into the computing fields of endeavor."
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Battered Person Syndrome, 2008.
An analysis of the equality of the battered wife defense and the battered husband defense in a court of law.
1,718 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of the concept of the battered wife and the use of the battered wife syndrome defense in a court of law. It then goes on to discuss the equality of this law and the emergence of the battered husband defense. The paper argues that the courts need to look at each case on its own merits with the same criteria for both men and women.
From the Paper
"Many individuals are upset about this decision. Given the unequal treatment of women over the history of the United States and that there still exist questions of equality of the two genders in many aspects of society, it is understandable that those who support women's rights are not pleased about this ruling. Also, much of this concern rightly comes from the fact that many battered women have been left unprotected by a society that refused to protect them. When many of these women chose life over death, they were prosecuted and had to spend many years improperly imprisoned. Those in the legal profession did not know or care enough or were too biased to defend these women based on their abusive situations."
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Self-Harm in Adolescent Females, 2008.
This paper explores the practice of deliberate self-harm in adolescent females.
6,875 words (approx. 27.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining self-harm and differentiating between this practice and suicide attempts. The paper then examines predisposing factors and the gender differences in self-harm behaviors. In addition, the paper provides an in-depth review of the literature and explores the treatment and prevention of this phenomenon.
Outline:
Part I: Introduction
Part II: Review of the Literature
Part III: Treatment and Prevention
Part IV: Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is important and difficult for families and friends of self-harming individuals to make the differentiation between this practice and suicide attempts since both behaviors are "self-directed and dangerous." (Centre for Suicide Prevention, 2001) However, it has been recognized by researchers that the individual who engages in self-harm has no intention to kill themselves or die as an outcome of the harm caused to themselves. This disorder is one in which the individuals get relief from the self-harm on some psychological level. While the self-harm and suicide are not always co-existent, it is important to remain that these two disorders may co-exist in the individual. Self-harm, with no intent to die has been known to result in death due to accidental cuts to main arteries."
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Can We Be Friends After A Breakup?, 2008.
This paper reviews five scholarly studies in an effort to answer the question of whether or not individuals can be friends after ending a romantic relationship.
3,559 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that one of the most enduring questions regarding life, love, and the perpetuation of the growth of the individual through developed interpersonal communication, is whether or not there can be friendship after a romantic relationship has ended. This paper asserts that popular contemporary opinion, as well as anecdotal evidence, has a mixed answer. One side says a couple can never go from being lovers to friends and it's unhealthy to try. While still others say that becoming friends is the only realistic way to recover, in the long term and learn from what went right wrong in the relationship. However, the paper shows that there is also a popular idea that becoming friends after a breakup just depends on the individuals involved, the depth of the relationship, and the manner in which the relationship ended. This work reviews five scholarly research articles seeking out definitive qualitative and quantitative evidence for the answer to this question.
From the Paper
"The findings of the article lead some credence to the idea that the individual's level of distress post break-up and the eventuality of the relationship ending in the two people being friends has significant correlation to the length of time since the break-up, the level of health in the relationship, the perception of individual investment in the relationship and most importantly whether the two individuals were friends before they became romantically involved. The hints then that this work offer to the broader question is then relatively easy to assess, the most important factors in order are, if the individuals were friends before the romantic involvement, the time it has been since the relationship ended, and lastly the level of overall health and satisfaction that existed in the relationship while it was still intact. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809) The equation is then rather simple, if there is a basis for friendship, a healthy overall relationship and if enough time has passed there is a good chance that a post-relationship friendship will develop that could potentially lead to a lasting social development phase that helps both parties navigate the rights and wrongs of the relationship and possibly change themselves for the better, for the next relationship. The equation is the opposite, if it is to soon emotionally, the relationship was overall unhealthy and lastly if the two people have little if any basis for a friendship in the history of their time together then a friendship will not likely be even worth attempting. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809)"
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"The Book of the Courtesans", 2008.
This essay is a book review of Susan Griffin's, "The Book of the Courtesans: A Catalogue of Their Virtues".
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses Susan Griffin's book "The Book of the Courtesans: A Catalogue of Their Virtues" as a deep and penetrating look into the history of the courtesan profession. The author asserts that Griffin's primary contention in this book is that courtesans have a special place in history; they were neither prostitutes nor part of the immoral underground of European society, but rather a prominent display of femininity during many different eras of Western history. The author also gives a positive personal opinion towards the book.
From the Paper
"Griffin's book focuses on many different stylistic and literary techniques that help to make this both an entertaining and fluid narrative. Her organization of the book is very succinct; she offers the purpose of her book in the introduction by stating clearly that she intends to explain the artistic and aesthetic nature of the courtesan. She continues to advance this position through each following chapter and makes her organizational scheme very understandable. Each chapter works to enhance her position and defend her thesis. Although it may appear through this review that her work is academic in nature, the opposite is true. She carefully hides her thesis and the progression of her 'evidence' through the narrative biographies of famous courtesans throughout the ages. She tells the stories of Veronica Franco of 16th century Venice, Madame de Pompadour of Versailles and many other such courtesans who were able to entrench themselves into the heart of Western society. Through their stories she shows how they practiced their craft and were able to gain 'liberation' from society as a result of their prowess. Her story telling technique makes this narrative extremely digestible and makes her arguments very subtly throughout her work."
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Women's Rights and Self-Realization, 2008.
An examination of women's rights in America.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines women's rights and the suppression of women in America today. The paper explains that as women become larger and more predominant figures within sectors in the workforce, political arena and other areas of substantial recognition, their freedoms flourish and benefit is found among all of their contributions. The paper also points out that recognizing areas and instances of suppression, organizations like the ACLU, WRP and the National Organization for Women (N.O.W.) are able to counter-suppress the discrimination by pin-pointing the roots of these problems. The paper then looks at how such organizations bring attention to these matters and how this is perhaps one of the most significant factors supporting the efforts for women's rights. The paper concludes that as women's rights continue to progress, their independence has become more apparent and visible as sole discretionary freedoms, which only help to further the desires to rid the discrimination that once influenced the beliefs that women were incapable of fending for themselves in both the work force and at home.
From the Paper
"The evolution of women's rights has had a wrap-around affect that has taken years to finally begin to show its ramifications. As women were given more and more freedom, authority and equality in all aspects of life, the affects eventually came back to support their continuation and strengthened their efforts through the density within the areas they began to infiltrate. This has provided women with a voice to speak in defense of themselves and to stand up against the occurrences of discrimination in all areas of country. The further progression of these efforts has reached a point where women are fully capable of supporting themselves in many ways other than in simple regards as financial means. Fifty years ago, women were much more reliant upon the men in their lives to support and shelter their upbringing, youth, and adulthood."
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Sex, Drugs and 18-30 Year Olds, 2007.
An in-depth research analysis into the reasons that so many young British tourists are attracted to Amsterdam.
7,354 words (approx. 29.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the reasons for the attraction of young British people to Amsterdam where sex and drugs are freely available.The paper concludes that it is undoubtedly apparent that the underlying factor that appears to provoke young British tourists visiting Amsterdam are directly related to the flourishing array of sex and drugs found throughout the city. The paper includes several different graphs, charts, and tables.
Outline:
Introduction
Amsterdam; Characteristics Set Apart
Drug Use
Drug-Use Deaths in Amsterdam
Sex, British and Amsterdam
Perceptions toward British Tourists
Questionnaires
Argument
Research Methods
Data Analysis
Charts and Graphs
Results
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Be it true that the lure of sex and drugs is what entices the young individuals of British descent to visit Amsterdam; concern may lay heavy in the dangers exposed to those who are predominantly young and engage in these common practices throughout the Dutch city. In any instance of drug use or sexual behavior, there are indefinite susceptibilities to the transmission of diseases. As HIV and AIDS are among the most dangerous for anyone to contract, the spreading of such diseases must be considered as highly potential threats to these tourists."
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Gender Criticism in "Saving Fish from Drowning", 2008.
A essay reviewing the book " Saving Fish from Drowning" by Amy Tan.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper relates a review of a novel in which the author takes a complex journey through various literary themes. The book "Saving Fish from Drowning" by Amy Tan, is a political satire directed at the cultural clash between the West and the East. The paper relates that the story is a monograph of the insincerity and tensions that often pervade human relationships, especially when there are also race or gender differences involved.
From the Paper
"Turning to her own family, the Bibi Chan reveals even more of these stereotypes related to gender and gender roles. In a Chinese family, these tend to be even more poignant. Thus, her father is portrayed as a self-centered person, very little preoccupied with his own family, who is worshipped by the household women simply because he is a man: "He read much, but seldom spoke, and truly, there was no need in a household whose women worshipped him and anticipated his needs before they ever occurred to him."(Tan, 29) The insincerity of the family relationships described by the ghost narrator is striking: the father is the typical male dominator who rules over his family and expects all his wishes to be fulfilled by the women even before he voices them, the stepmother is cold and tyrannical and the communication between members is virtually inexistent. With her usual sarcasm Bibi Chan notices that, as a child, she interpreted the lack of communication as a token of perfect harmony typical of the ideal marriage: "I was thus left to assume that a good marriage was one in which the husband respected the wife's privacy. He did not intrude in her life, visit her rooms, or bother her with questions. There was no need to speak to each other, since they were of the same mind."(Tan, 30) More stereotypes about women appear in Sweet Ma's description of Chan's natural mother, who, as she says, always used her feminine charms, paired with a submissive attitude, to gain something from her husband: "She was a schemer. She'd put on her rose-colored dress, twirl her favorite flower hairpin, and with eyes dishonestly lowered, she would raise that simpering smile of hers toward your father. Oh, I knew what she was up to."(Tan, 33) The woman in a traditional Chinese family is seen thus almost as an ornamental object, without a will of her own, who is necessarily a good breeder and is capable of becoming pregnant every year: "According to Sweet Ma, my mother proved true to her breeding and excelled at becoming pregnant every year. 'She gave birth to your eldest brother,' Sweet Ma said, counting on her fingers. 'Then there was your second brother. After that, three blue babies, drowned in the womb, which was a shame but not so tragic, since they were girls.'"(Tan, 34) As Sweet Ma evidences, no tragedy occurred if out of the many children bred by the woman, a few newborn girls died, since the girls had no importance. Thus, the ghost narrator of the story is a very witty and sarcastic feminist, who captures a sum of powerful stereotypes related to womanhood, motherhood and masculinity in her book. The female and the male worlds appear at some points as completely irreconcilable, both for the Chinese and for the Americans. "
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The Achievements between the Genders, 2008.
A report examining the difference between the advancement of male students and female students in a 7th grade computers class.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This report looks at how male students in a 7th grade computer course are showing a much higher level of achievement than the female students in the class. The paper discusses and proposes ways in which to identify developmental barriers that exist as well as the methods by which students may be assessed and examined. The objective of the paper is to determine where these barriers can be addressed in order to minimize their occurrence.
Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Review of the Pertaining Literature
Statement of the Hypothesis
From the Paper
"As modern society continues to advance ahead further into and through the aspects of technology, the necessity for computer discovery education has become overtly imperative. Students have been found to be more adaptive and open to newer methods of learning and conducting educational curriculum through the use and aid of computer applications in collaboration with each of their studies"
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America, the Land of the Free, 2008.
This paper is an intensive research study of 35 Persian-American women who escaped abusive partners.
22,050 words (approx. 88.2 pages), 75 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the horrors that women of Iran endure at the hands of abusive males. It also looks at the history of the abuse and what it means to be a woman in Iran. The paper then examines the lives of 35 women who made the successful transition from being a battered Persian wife, to an independent and successful Persian-American woman (PAW). Through an intensive interview process this paper provides a solid understanding of what abused women in Iran face and what it takes for them to begin again. The paper explores the women's previous lives, their flight to safety and the hurdles they overcame once they arrived. The tangible issues including employment, language barriers and other things are discussed as well as the intangible issues including the difficulty overcoming a mindset that had been instilled for generations. The paper examines the successes and failures that these women faced and helps to illustrate the importance of a world statement for an end to abuse against women in Iran.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of Problem
History Persian-Islamic Women
Interview
Interview results and discussion
Literature review
Suggestions
Study Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The final section of the questionnaire consisted of common demographic questions to describe the sample and to use in further analyzing the constraints. The demographic items included age, occupation, education, family income per month, personal income, marital status, number of children, and perceived health.
A pilot study was conducted with 40 Iranian women randomly selected in the 25-40 years age group. The procedures for sample selection and questionnaire distribution were piloted along with the actual questionnaire content. Ten items were omitted from the questionnaire after the pilot testing analysis was conducted. One item from the activity list was discarded along with nine items from the constraints items. If correlations between an item and the other items in the measured area were not significant at the .01 level, the item was eliminated. These items were also compared to the Cronbach's alpha reliability test and deleted if the alpha statistic was low."
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Reducing Domestic Violence in the United States Air Force, 2008.
An examination of domestic abuse in the military.
6,111 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how to reduce domestic violence in the US Air Force. The paper explains that in the US Air Force, domestic abuse is an equal opportunity crime. The paper also explains that the Air Force's Family Advocacy Program, charged with the prevention and treatment of domestic violence, has the shared goal of enhancing the health and well-being of Air Force families and communities so that service members can focus on the mission and their job performance. The paper also looks at programs that have been established, like the DoD Task Force on Family Violence, that can help members of stressed family units to access counseling or other kinds of help.
Outline:
Statement of Problem
Review of effectiveness literature and conclusions of review (including studies at policy level and if they support policy interventions).
A logic model that describes the relationship between the theory of change/program theory, interventions and outcomes at two levels (Target population, the activities or services, who will provide/how much, what will change, what outcomes are expected.)
Description and linkage of explanatory theories and program theories relating to the problem. How does Change happen?
Rational argument for why these interventions were selected, with an explanation of how they are supported by the theory of change and the literature. Are changes at different levels supported by different theories? If so, how are the differences reconciled?
The Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence
Comment on the ways in which proposed intervention is based on social work values and ethics. How cultural and economic diversity and social justice are addressed in proposed intervention. How is customer participation/empowerment and involvement of other stakeholders included? What key conceptual issues are left unanswered with this intervention?
Discuss steps to assure fidelity to the proposed intervention model
Statement of proximal and distal outcomes expected
What are policy issues?
From the Paper
"Using a definition of domestic violence that includes a wide range of behaviors, from slapping and hitting to using a gun on spouse or child, this review found that such physical assault is frequently experienced by American women: In one study that used phone interviews, 52 percent of surveyed women said they were physically assaulted as a child by an adult caretaker and/or as an adult by any type of perpetrator; 1.9 percent of surveyed women said they were physically assaulted in the previous 12 months. Based on these estimates, annually there are about 1.9 million women who are physically assaulted in the United States (Tjaden 1998)."
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Homosexual Men and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors, 2008.
A literature review discussing the relationship between sexual motivation, erotophobia-erotophilia and depression with sexually risky behaviors in men who have sex with men.
10,611 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 33 sources, APA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research analysis that aims to investigate the relationship between sexual motivation, erotophobia-erotophilia and depression with sexually risky behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM) who are frequent patients at a clinic. The study seeks to survey patients with two or more visits per year with or without sexually transmitted disease symptoms. It aims to identify the relationship between sexual motivation and the degree of sexual risk the participants are willing to accept. The paper contains tables listing specific studies and their findings.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, men with STDs may find reassurance and support from others similarly situated. In this regard, a growing body of literature has confirmed the direct beneficial consequences of social support on the psychological well-being of HIV-infected and at-risk gay men (Karus, Raveis & Siegel, 1997). According to these authors, "Perceived available social support has been found to be associated with less psychological distress and lower levels of depression in samples of gay and bisexual men at-risk of AIDS, asymptomatic HIV-infected gay men, and HIV-infected men at various stages of the disease progression. Perceived emotional support was also shown to be positively associated with global well-being, life satisfaction, and hopefulness in a sample of gay men who were long-term AIDS survivors" (p. 395). The satisfaction reported for the support received from these groups has also been found to be directly correlated with depression in samples of gay men living with HIV/AIDS (Karus et al., 1997)."
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The XYY Chromosomal Factor, 2008.
A look at the contention that the XYY syndrome causes aggression in males.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the XYY syndrome has been blamed for many abnormalities in human males for well over one hundred years and how recent evidence points to the fact that this syndrome does not
manifest aggressive or violent behavior in affected human males, at least not to the extent of criminality or sociopathological behavior, such as one would find in sociopaths or "serial killers." It concludes that since genetic research on this abnormality is rather scant, we must rely on what is available, based on hard scientific evidence and documentation and that under extraordinary circumstances, this type of genetic disorder may indeed cause some type of aggressive behavior in males, due to the existence of higher levels of testosterone.
From the Paper
"This 47, XYY Syndrome is rather common as compared to other genetic abnormalities associated with human chromosomes and how they pair up during the development stages of human growth in the womb. Overall, this syndrome occurs in about 1 male out of 1,000, "born with an extra Y chromosome in each cell." In the United States, recent data has revealed that 5 to 10 boys are born each day with the 47, XYY Syndrome which figures to less than one percent ("What is 47, XYY Syndrome?" Internet). These statistics tend to show that the XYY Syndrome is rare, yet when one considers the number of males born in the U.S. every day with other genetic disorders, it could be said that this syndrome is relatively common. "
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HIV and Asian Men, 2008.
Explores the concept of social mobility, assessing whether it is helpful or harmful to people of differing cultural, national, social, economic, religious, or ethnic backgrounds.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to explore whether macro and micro level social constructions impact society's acceptance of individuals and community members that come from "dominate" or "subordinate" groups like the HIV populations and Asian men living in this subculture.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Social Mobility and Social Constructions
Social Constructions, Asian Men and HIV
Creating Stronger Bonds among Asian, HIV and Other Subordinate Cultures
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Diaz (1998) notes that certain populations are affected more so than others by the HIV epidemic, including not just Asian but also Latino ethnic groups, with subgroups within the Latino population including Puerto Ricans often considered the most subordinate or affected population. In this sense, one may infer social constructions occur not only within society at large, but also at the micro level, within social groups. The Asian HIV population may be viewed by society at large as lower on the hierarchical chain with respect to status and influence, representing a macro level social construction."
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Dating and Nonverbal Communication, 2008.
This paper is a research analysis of the nonverbal communication cues used in both nonsexual and sexual dating relationships.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that nonverbal communication is an important part of a dating relationship, in both nonsexual relationships and in the initiation of sexual behavior within relationships. The paper goes on to assert that, prior to escalating a relationship from a purely dating one, to one of a sexual nature, relationships must be assessed thoroughly, combining both verbal and nonverbal communication cues, for an optimum outcome.
From the Paper
"A positive sexual relationship between couples stems from successful communication regarding sexual and nonsexual preferences when intimate. In 1999, a study was conducted using men and women who were in dating relationships, but not dating each other. They were interviewed regarding sexual preferences and communication of their likes and dislikes. The research indicated that individuals are much more communicative about their sexual preferences when they are in a relationship in which communication was encouraged, not only about sex, but also about all aspects of the dating relationship. It was also determined that couples who have a nonverbal agreement and understanding about sex can be more effective and preferred over open discussion about sexual likes and dislikes."
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Gay Speech, not Hate Speech, 2008.
A discussion on the use of word forms specifically constructed for recognition by gay and lesbian groups.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how language serves a purpose to the gay and lesbian community to assist them in recognizing themselves as a group in a world of opposition and ridicule of their status. The paper quotes several words and descriptively explains how the word is utilized in gay society. The paper then summarizes the situation with examples on how language has been used negatively with the resultant necessity for this group to formulate their own vocabulary.
From the Paper
"This usage appears to have grown out of political activism. The need to combat homophobic oppression - including internalized homophobia - was perceived, and a concrete way of doing this was to hold a public parade in which pride in one's alternative sexual orientation was expressed. Out of this activity, the word "pride" acquired a whole new meaning - a meaning that is useful for this community in overcoming the societal prejudices it has to deal with."
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Gender and Technology, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of gendered careers and the role of technology.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that one of the greatest changes that has impacted working conditions and careers has been the advent and rapid growth of technology. This massive change has also impacted women workers. The writer discusses that one might have expected that technology would have had a primarily positive impact, given that technology reduces the importance of brute physical strength, and that this is the only variable in which most women have any intrinsic disadvantage, relative to most men. However, the writer maintains that in general, technology does not seem to have been to the advantage of women. The writer argues that technology has had a negative impact on women workers and their careers. This is due not to technology itself, but rather to persistent, sexist stereotypes about what is "natural" for men and women.
From the Paper
"Sim and Yong blame this gender-based polarization on gender-based socialization and stereotyping that negatively impacts women's education and skills training. While this is at last declining, it still functions to prevent most women from gaining the career benefits from technology that are available to so many men."
"When it comes to higher level jobs, and especially jobs that are in high-tech fields such as computerization, medicine, science, and engineering, there appears to be a widespread trend for sexist perceptions about women's abilities to function as a bar that prevents most women from benefiting from the career opportunities opened up by new technology. For example, Whitney notes that women in medicine are still subject to discrimination with regard to admission to medical school, residency selections, appointment of faculty, and advancement. Indeed, Adams argues that medicine has been characterized by active hostility towards the incursions of women physicians, as has dentistry."
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