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Gay Marriage, 2006.
This paper looks at the tradition of marriage and examines the argument regarding gay marriage.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article claims that as one of the thorniest issues on the American political scorecard since the abortion debate, homosexual marriage is drawing the attention of philosophers, journalists, legal analysts and psychologists. The writer argues in favor of gay marriage and discusses the legal and behavioral rights position in this regard. The writer contends that gay marriage is not the contentious issue that it seems when placed in the perspective of civil rights, and maintains that any attempt to argue against gay marriage is inherently biased.
From the Paper
"Renowned psychologist Erik Erikson describes the human life cycle in terms of stages of psycho-social development. His theories can lend insight into the debate over gay marriage and can show why homosexual romance and marriage are no different from heterosexual romance and marriage. The stage at which most human beings get married is the stage that Erikson calls early and young adulthood. Indeed, in most human cultures, marriages occur during this chronological life stage. The quest for intimacy has been crystallized in fairy tales, in which the princess (it's usually a princess) finally discovers her prince charming. The two live happily ever after. However, no known fairy tale describes a homosexual union. The absence of homosexual unions in fairy tales and in other forms of cultural discourse should in no case be a reason to exclude gays from the marriage institution. Contrary to what Schulman has to say, traditions are not always valid or valuable."
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Liberals, Conservatives and Gay Marriage, 2006.
This paper examines the ideologies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States through the issue of gay marriage.
1,787 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an objective examination of the issue of gay marriage through the lens of conservative and liberal political ideologies. The author states his intent as exploring the difference in these political ideologies as seen through gay marriage. A definition and brief history of each outlook is given followed by their perspectives on gay marriage and how it fits each ideology.
From the Paper
"As the word implies, conservatism seeks to conserve something, in most cases the traditional values that have previously been discussed, or some sort of social institution from the past. Conservatives also seek to conserve the established social order. That is why conservatives also strongly support such things as the right to own firearms of all types, the death penalty, industry over environmental protection, and a minimally invasive government. These are all things that have traditionally been a part of our nation's heritage. Conservatives feel that if it is traditional and has worked in the past, has held our country together even, then it should be kept as a national institution. Abortion is another good example of an issue that is dear to conservatives. Allowing abortion in this country, when it had traditionally been illegal, was a liberal movement, and one that conservatives feel should be repealed so we can go back to our traditional values of not terminating pregnancies."
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Gender Differences in Autobiographical Memory, 2006.
A literature review on gender differences in autobiographical memory.
4,251 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes recent research which suggests that is it important to examine gender related differences in autobiographical memory. The paper further analyzes the available studies which suggest that gender differences do exist with respect to autobiographical memory, and may be the result of multiple factors including socialization and cognitive processes. The paper proposes to help fill the gap that currently exists with respect to this line of research. The literature review focuses on the current studies available analyzing the effects of gender on autobiographical recall. The paper specifically attempts to outline what, if any, gender differences exist, where they exist, why they exist and the implications of memory differences between the sexes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Autobiographical Memory: Gender Differentiation
Analysis and Summary of Literature
Critical Appraisal of Autobiographical Memory Research
From the Paper
"Evidence suggests that children's "schemas change as they age" enabling memories to change frequently, hence "memories from an early age have no suitable framework from which they can be retrieved" (Betz, et al. 1996). Recent research suggests however that children do learn how to represent events early on, and this ability does not change into adulthood. The method of representation to reveal autobiographical memory is through narratives, or the process of learning how to relate information regarding one's autobiographical history through story telling (Betz et al. 1996)."
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Rapists, 2006.
An analysis of the types of personalities that commit rape.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a definition of rape, explaining the different types of rape that occur. The paper then goes on to examine theories of the types of rapists who commit these acts, hypothesising on why certain types of individuals resort to these acts of violence. It also allows that some rapists exhibit a combination of more than one theory of personality, which leads to them committing rape.
From the Paper
"Still another theory involving a specific type of rapist is that some rapists suffer from an inferiority complex, which make them either adhere to strict sex role rigidity, or cause them to suffer from a Don Juan complex. According to this complex, some males have insecurity about their own masculinity. Often, these rapists are poorly socialized, and thus, have a fear of females and their social power. They compensate for this fear by "proving" their masculinity through rape. Additionally, this inferiority complex causes the male to strictly adhere to the "male" role, often forcing his victims into submission through force and violence. Even further, these rapists tend to commit rape serially, due to the "Don Juan" complex, which is the overcompensation for their inferiority through sexual relations (Langevin, 397)."
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Pornography - A Violence Against Women, 2006.
A look at the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual risk of pornography.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual risk of pornography to women, children and perhaps society at large. This paper also reviews the passionate debate over pornography in contemporary society, the issues of which center on its permissibility, violence, moral significance, and impact on social beliefs and behaviors.
From the Paper
"Since pornography is a pervasive and persistent social phenomenon which generates eight billion dollars per year in the United States alone (Dworkin 28), there can be no doubt that it colors--at least to some degree--the beliefs, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors of its consumers, the overwhelming majority of which are males. Pornography consistently portrays sexual activity within the context of male power, supremacy, and oftentimes violence. Those who recognize this systematic and negative image of women are naturally concerned that it limits female roles and importance in all societal realms. They assert a connection between sexual subjugation in the bedroom with sexual inequality in the office, market, political arena, etc.
As an illustration of this, consider the social stigma attached to rape. Some claim victims deserve it or in fact want it; this is statement is typically uttered by men. It is plausible these reactions to rape have been fostered in part by exposure to pornography; the sexual nature of rape makes the association to pornography quite palpable. However, reflect on the existence of sexual discrimination in the workplace. Despite the fact that change is underway, it is common knowledge women are frequently paid less than men for the same position, all other variables equal. Following the current theme of the discussion, an explanation for gender-based income discrimination stems from the notion that pornography engenders within men a holistic perception of women as inferior beings. Said differently, since men are the powerful figure in pornographic material and given that many men are exposed to it (in one form or another), the subordinate female role is extended into the workplace."
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Women and Equality, 2006.
An analysis of gender discrimination in society and its effects on women.
1,648 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes gender discrimination and its forms. It describes sex discrimination and job discrimination by sex and analyzes the way in which sex discrimination is evident in the school system. The paper goes on to discuss how gender discrimination affects self-esteem in women and the role that gender discrimination may play in domestic abuse.
From the Paper
"There is some argument as to whether male and female domestic violence are similar or equal. In many cases, when it comes to domestic violence, men argue that they are the ones punished when the woman is actually the violent one or there is mutual violence (James, 2002). The controversy comes not only from men who claim to be victims of women's violence, but from the conflicting outcomes of research studies, some of which suggest equal rates of physical abuse by men and women, and others showing greater violence by men. In addition, comparison of studies is complex due to various definitions of violence, methodologies and samples (Malloy, et. al.2003)."
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Gender and Sociology, 2006.
This paper explores gender identification and roles through a variety of angles.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how man defines himself in terms of gender. Several theories of gender identification are presented, each within its own particular field. The author gives examples of the biological basis of gender, the psychological basis, cultural perspectives, and socially constructed theories. Additionally, the main character from "Six Degrees of Separation" is used as an example of gender identity through social constructs. The paper concludes that gender is continuously defined through a lifetime of experiences.
Outline
Biological Arguments Gender
Psychological Theories of Gender
Cross Cultural Perspective and Gender Identity
Socially Constructed Gender Theories and Gender as a Social Institution
Six Degrees of Separation
From the Paper
"Kimmel suggests that gender is not something that someone is born with but rather is a social institution that people create as a result of interaction, beliefs and values. Gender is an institution that people either widely accept as one way or another. Within any given society there are cultural norms that people identify with and that help shape their behaviors, values and beliefs. Gender differences thus can be easily created as an institution and can be representative of inequality when that inequality is supported or constructed by society at large (Kimmel, 2000). Kimmel suggests that inequalities are created as norms and arise within relationships, within families and even in the workplace or any other environment in which people work intimately (Kimmel, 2000). "
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Online Escort Business, 2006.
This paper provides an examination of online escort services and discusses their impact on the women who operate them and the men who patronize them.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses Web sites that feature female escort services for men. The writer claims that while these escort services are ostensibly intended to provide males with companionship and conversation, and such legitimate services certainly exist, the reality is that most of these escort services provide sexual services in varying degrees to their clientele, depending only on how much money is involved. This paper provides an examination of sexually oriented businesses in general and online escort services in particular, to determine their potential effect on the women who promote themselves and the men who patronize them. The primary focus of the study is www.sfredbook.com, a San Francisco Bay Area escort, strip club review and massage Web site. The issues considered include what components of the site serve to attract men in the first place, what types of activities and features tend to maintain interest and the techniques used to promote the site. In addition, a profile of typical users is developed and a summary of the research and salient findings is presented in the conclusion.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Brief Description of WWW.SFREDBOOK.COM
Positive Role Played by Sexually Oriented Online Services
Gender Differences in Perceptions of Online Sexual Activities
Implications for Policymakers, Healthcare Practitioners and Sexually Oriented Enterprises
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On San Francisco "My Red Book" at www.sfredbook.com, there is a members-only page where users pay a monthly subscription fee to post their reviews of escorts they have "encountered," as well as any strip clubs and massage parlors they have patronized; obviously, this site is primarily targeted to the adult male population. For example, there is a message board replete with information for men in the Northern California section; however, female escorts promote themselves in the adult personals section and classifieds as well. In addition, there is a so-called "PinkBook section" where only women can post messages. A copy of the site's main page is provided at Appendix A for ease of reference."
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Cultural Impact on Politics, 2006.
This paper discusses how political action is influenced by cultural concerns.
4,868 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the form of the society shapes the way politics is pursued in that society and this occurs at several levels. The writer discusses that a social order can be matriarchal or patriarchal, which would represent how gender is manifested in political action. The form of government has an influence, with political action being different for a democracy as opposed to a more authoritative system. The writer discusses that the prevalent religion may affect politics, more so in a theocratic system than one that tries to separate politics and religion, though even in the latter case religion has an influence. The writer also discusses how leadership style affects politics, with some styles being more authoritative and so restrictive of political action, while others are more freewheeling and so encouraging to political action. Indeed, arguably the leadership style that is found in a society is one of the best indicators of what sort of politics the society will manifest, for a democratic leader emerges from a very different sort of political structure than a dictator. Different types of leadership and different social structures are considered in this paper as they impact politics.
Introduction
Gender
Group Dynamics
Cognitive and Moral Development
Psychological Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Certainly, this colors the concept of politics by making the male the natural participant in politics and by denying that role to the female, a theme repeated in society after society. In our own society, for instance, women were treated as chattel and were not given the right to vote or even to participate in most commerce outside the home. Many see this as a universal situation, while others raise doubts. Harris considers the issue of whether male supremacy is universal. This question is at the heart of the gender-role shifts taking place in Western societies, with the view that the traditional social structure saw male supremacy as a given while contemporary Western society is at least questioning that idea if not becoming openly antithetical to it. Harris cautions that it is not possible to go from the statement that women are subordinate as regards political authority in most societies to the statement that women are subordinate in all respects in all societies."
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The Fall of Patriarchy, 2006.
A discussion regarding socialization into the social system referred to as patriarchy.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses patriarchy, the social system still prevalent today, whereby males are still perceived as the "strong" one and that boys naturally will be more active, demanding, noisy, and competitive than girls. The paper concludes that what began in prehistoric times as a cooperative system for survival, has become an albatross and we are stuck with living in a patriarchal society where women are to some extent, still oppressed.
From the Paper
"Boys will consistently get more attention and more of the teacher's time. While girls will be expected to raise their hands before speaking (and corrected if they don't), boys will be allowed to blurt out answers in class. Girls will be "less likely to be called on by name ...asked fewer complex and abstract questions, receive less praise or constructive feedback, and ... given less direction on how to do things..." (Sadker, 2002, p. 239). Later on, boys will enroll in advanced computer classes, but girls will be in word processing and other clerical support programs (Sadker, 2002). Eventually, all this will be reflected in the careers they choose. Women will enroll in college programs to be teachers, social workers, nurses, and librarians, but only 7-14% of the men will enroll in these programs. Men will go instead where there is money and power."
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The Chicana Women's Fight for Liberation, 2006.
An in-depth look at the Chicana, or Mexican-American woman, and her fight for liberation and basic human rights.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of the Chicana, or Mexican-American woman, who has been treated as a person with no value, useless in the society and with deprive moral. This paper reviews the struggle of the Chicana for liberation and basic human rights to be free and to be treated equally.
From the Paper
"Chicanas today are struggling for their liberation especially in the society and they are aware that they are being maltreated and it should be stop because they believe that every human being have the right to be free and to be treated equally. They are now involving themselves in fighting for freedom and for the rights of the women, they are confronting institutions that deprived them and maltreated them especially their employer, the church and the society. They raise issues about equality of men and women, depriving them from education, the belief of the Catholics, and the domination of men. "
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Gender and Society, 2006.
An explanation of the differences between men and women from an anatomical and biological viewpoint.
1,532 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the anatomical and biological differences between the genders and the social equalities or inequalities that are prevalent. This paper also takes a look at whether these social equalities or inequalities are in-bred or as a result of the cultures and society in which we live.
Contents
The Biologically Based Gender Argument
Psychological Theories on Gender
Cross Cultural Theories on Gender
Gender As Socially Constructed
Gender As A Social Institution
Gender and Six Degrees
From the Paper
"Psychological theories do not support the idea that innate gender differences result in the social, political and economic inequalities that result from gender differences (Kimmel, 1999). Developmental psychologists have focused no the interpretations and definitions of masculinity and femininity and how they change over a person's life, suggesting that the issues confronting people affect gender including the social institutions people use to enact life experiences (Kimmel, 1999).
Carol Tavris suggest that "binary thinking" leads to the notion that 'men act like men' and women act like women'; the psychologists suggest that most differences that exist between women and men in terms of psychological beliefs, abilities traits and values result not from gender differences but rather the result of men and women being in different positions or arenas in life (Kimmel, 12). While differences may appear based on gender they are actually based on multiple factors including culture, environment, relationships and more."
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African-American Males, 2005.
This paper discusses the correlation between affective disorders, substance abuse and the criminal justice system for African-American males.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the four models of Kimmel and Messner as a framework for studying the masculine development of African-American males are developmental pathways, social development, social ecological and contextualism models. The author points out that the problems of living in poverty, the extremely pressured yet loosely and poorly defined role of the African-American male and the severe lacking of a positive role model result in many misdirected and misguided youths using substance abuse, developing affective psychological disorders and becoming involved in crime. The paper stresses that societal forms of direction for positive role modeling do not exist in qualitative or quantitative forms to any great extent, which leaves the African-American male floundering as to what they should or could represent.
Table of Contents
Objective
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Models of Kimmel & Messner
Poverty: A Factor that Cannot Be Ignored
Treatment Options
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"The meaning of masculinity and associated norms of gender roles are stated to be the basis of "social constructionism" (Kimmel & Messner, 1989, 1992) Men tend to internalize their conceptions of what forms their masculinity from the culture they live in. 'Socialization' encourages men to attempt to live up to those standards that have been set within the culture. African-American men are "subject to a very different set of influences" socially than their white peers and therefore have a different masculinity as well as their social influences being quite different than those of white men."
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Genders Today, 2006.
This paper examines how society structures the ever-changing definitions of man and woman.
1,232 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the changing roles of man and woman in light of the ever changing society and culture that we live in today. The paper relates how, previously, the male served as the primary bread winner for the family while females were forced to take care of household matters. Today, however, women join the university ranks and workforce with the same degree as their male counterpart. The writer discusses these changes and concludes that today they are considered equal in their own rights, despite the gender or individual choosing to do them, as opposed to in the past when the woman's role was considered lesser.
From the Paper
"Over the course of history, social mores regarding genders and human sexuality have greatly changed. When one examines the progression of man's development through time, the evolution is undeniable though not always consistent. What is a woman? What is a man? Are these questions purely biological and answered by the presence of a chromosome, or are these questions of social decision? While biology rules the sexes, society structures the ever-changing definitions of gender, of male and female, man and woman. Changes in society as well as culture have brought about these transitory roles, furthered by the demands placed on individuals by the basic needs of their lives."
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Same Sex Marriages, 2006.
An opinionated discussion against same sex marriages.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the same sex marriage issue and analyzes the problems with it. The paper discusses how there is a general move toward the acceptance of gay marriages. It then states reasons why these marriages should not be legitimized or practiced. It is the aim of this opinionated paper to give the reader sound knowledge of the reasons to oppose same sex marriages.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Same Sex Marriage
References
From the Paper
"A family's primary focus is on the nurturing and development of children. Same sex marriages are denying the children their right to have a father and a mother. Changing the definition of marriage and including same sex marriage same can have far-reaching changes that can influence the development of children. By changing the definition of marriage and including same sex marriage in that, one is changing the family dynamics and societal structures as well. Firstly same sex couples cannot have any children together as it is biologically impossible. What females can do is that they can either opt to adopt a child or go for test tube babies. If they do undergo in-vitro fertilization, they must use the sperms of the male. What more obvious a hint can nature give them that same sex marriage is not a part or plan of nature. The males in a same sex marriage have no option but to adopt a child. During the upbringing and nurturing of a child, both maternal and paternal care is required. He needs the love of a father as much as the love of a mother and there is no way that an adopted child can be given the love of a father as well as a mother. Only the love of two fathers can be given or two mothers and the love of two fathers or two mothers do not equal the love of a mother and a father."
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"Rape Fantasies", 2006.
This article discusses Margaret Atwood's short story "Rape Fantasies".
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This article studies the book "Rape Fantasies" and the writer asks the question "Who is the victim when a woman is raped?" The writer maintains that the women of Margaret Atwood's short story "Rape Fantasies" suggest that women often cannot identify who is a victim and who is not a victim when they are raped. The story is told as a monologue in the first person voice of a woman named Estelle. It chronicles a group of women indulging in spoken fantasies about rape, specifically being raped by men. At first, the women's joking tones suggest that they are not really talking about being raped at all, but enjoying their sexuality. The women desire sex with strangers but use the word 'rape' as a way of discussing their unspoken and unacknowledged sexual desires in a culture that does not permit women to openly acknowledge their sexuality in a positive fashion. But at the end of the story, as Estelle is revealed to be speaking her monologue to a man she has met in a bar, Atwood suggests that ultimately, even when women are joking about rape, rape is still a very serious act against women in terms of female victimization.
From the Paper
"In defiance of the warnings cited by the narrator from popular women's magazines, Chrissy says she fears men. But Chrissy is still a victim, because she cannot enjoy sex other than in terms of being forced to enjoy sex. In her daily life Chrissy dresses to attract men and to win male approval. In Chrissy's private life she uses the idea of forced sexuality as a way of enjoying male attentions without the pressures of the consenting to sex. Thus, Chrissy is still a victim of rape ideology.
Estelle, the office worker responds to Chrissy's comments by noting how popular the topic of rape has become in women's magazines, citing titles like "Rape: Ten Things To Do About It" is less open in her attitude. At first, Estelle pokes fun at the magazine's obsession, noting that the carefulness urged by the magazine on the part of women makes it seem like avoiding sexual assault is a step-by-step process ''like it was ten new hairdos or something," not a serious criminal and personal issue. The story evolves from Estelle's point of view. But there are hints that Estelle initially finds the conversation of her female colleagues uncomfortable, as is evidenced by her focus on the beginning pursuit of the women, a bridge game and by concentrating on her bidding."
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Legalize Gay Marriage, 2006.
This article studies the question of marriage between gays or lesbians.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The writer maintains that gays and lesbians are not allowed to get married because of their gender preferences. Some of the fierce advocates of the concept of marriage do not believe that gays and lesbians should be allowed to get married or adopt children. The writer looks at the aspect of children being brought up by a gay couple and studies the question of such a marriage. This paper looks at the argument of legalizing gay marriages and discusses the hypocrisy and prejudices involved in this matter.
From the Paper
"Gay people are not allowed to be married because the community feels that they cannot bring up children they way that non-gay parents could. We are all aware of the day to day sorrows and joys, pains and achievement that we all face as human beings, as friends and as parents. To judge the capability of a parent by the structure of their family is not only wrong it goes beyond and above all the researched that have been done on successful parenthood. It does not matter what the structure of the family is as long as it is built with emotions of devotion, obligation, selflessness, and love in the family. Not a single research or study has proven that a gay or lesbian couple cannot provide the same kind of harmony and love in the structure as a non-gay couple (David, 2003)."
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Homosexuality in the New Testament, 2006.
A discussion on homosexuality within the New Testament.
911 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explores texts, focusing on the New Testament, which discuss and highlight the condemnation of homosexuality. The author also offers a few examples from the Old Testament to qualify points made.
From the Paper
"Anything unnatural and contrary to nature during Paul's time is that which does not promote the social good and continuing existence of mankind; it is anything that might dissolve marriage or create conditions that would harm a stable family, proper birthing and "rearing of children" (Jung & Smith, 207). Natural institutions are those which include responsible actions which ensure the proper "social ordering of family life to serve the common good of society" as well as the "well being of its next generation of citizens" (Hanigan, 54)."
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Analyzing the African-American Male, 2006.
This brief yet concise paper examines and analyzes the results of four specific social and psychological theories and the manner in which they relate to the behavior and socialization patterns of African-American males.
768 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and details the reasoning behind and the various aspects of the developmental pathways model, the social development model, the social ecological model and contextualism which was introduced in 1942 and originally known as 'pragmatism.' This paper delves into the manner in which the theories listed above were used to explore and understand particular behavioral patterns inherent in African-American men. The writer of this paper also discusses and analyzes the results found in each of the theories mentioned in this paper.
Table of Contents:
Developmental Pathways Model
Social Development Model
Social Ecological Model
Contextualism
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to Morris, Pepper's use of the term "contextualism" first occurred during 1932, where he referred to John Dewey's pragmatism. According to this philosophy, context refers to the influence of history and the changing context of meaning. What this means is that a specific time frame produces specific effects in behavior. Thus, a perception of behavior in African-American males during a specific time frame influences behavior in their peers. Drug use among young African American males is then to be analyzed according to the context of broader influences than merely the family. This is particularly relevant in a world that has become increasingly globalized by developments in technology and trade. The world beyond the immediate boundaries of city and country has become immediately accessible by means of the Internet, e-mail and cellular technology."
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