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Hippocrates, 2007.
A discussion on Hippocrates' view of women and their role in society.
1,446 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Hippocratic corpus, which consists of medical writings from Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. These many text were collected under the name of Hippocrates, a fifth-century physician from the island of Cos. The paper discusses how medical information about women varies considerably, showing that the articles were written by different individuals. For example, abortion is severely prohibited in one section and freely discussed in another. The materials discussed include "Diseases of Women 1 and 2" and "Nature of Women", which provide a good idea of how women were viewed in ancient Greece.
From the Paper
"Hippocrates disagreed with Aristotle by saying that both men and women gave their seed for conception but also portrayed the female seed as weaker and less pure. He argued that seed came in two types--male seed produced characteristics of strength, courage and a "brilliant" soul and female seed produced traits of grace and delicacy. Hippocrates, in fact, defined three kinds of men and three kinds of women. If both parents secrete female seed, the child will be a beautiful and highly feminine girl; if the woman produces female seed and the man male seed and the female seed is stronger, the child will be a girl who is bolder, but still behaves within the bounds of modesty; and if the man produces female seed and the woman male seed, and the female seed dominates, then the child will be female but masculine."
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Gay Marriage, 2006.
A review of the controversial issue of whether homosexuals should be allowed to legally marry.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the hot topic of gay marriage. According to the paper, recent polls report that the majority of Americans oppose legalizing marriage for homosexuals and the reasons given by people for this opposition are numerous. The paper reviews and discusses some of these reasons.
From the Paper
"This decline in marriage has caused many conservative groups to speak out in the defense of traditional marriage. "We're a pair-bonding species," says David Blankenhorn, "and we have a deep need at the species level to love and be loved by another and the need to pass on a part of ourselves to the next generation." Blankenhorn, founder and president of the Institute for American Values, adds that "Marriage is the institution that encompasses these two great needs" (Masci 3). However, is the decline in marriage a true threat? Some argue correctly that the decline in marriage is the result of people making active choices concerning how they want to live and therefore must not be viewed as a bad thing. According to Laura Kipnis, "as the economic necessity of it has become less pressing, people have discovered that they no longer need marriage. . . It restricts our choices and is too confining which is why fewer people are marrying" (Masci 2)."
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"The Mommy Track and Partnership", 2007.
A critical analysis of the article "The Mommy Track and Partnership: Temporary Delay or Dead End?" by M.C. Noonan and M.E. Corcoran.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the article "The Mommy Track and Partnership: Temporary Delay or Dead End?" from the perspective of a working mother. It looks at how the article, published in the "Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science", suggests sex differences may influence partnership affinity among lawyers and how the authors examine whether men are more or less likely than women to become partners in a legal firm under influence of various factors.
From the Paper
"The authors point out the need for greater attention in the legal profession and in other areas for attention to woman's issues including the need to take family leave to help balance the demands of family with those of their career. Like many other authors Noonan & Corcoran (2001) find that child care responsibilities are a primary reason women must make impairing career decisions. There is ample evidence supporting the fact that women leave their positions in part due to little flexibility and the log commitments required especially within the legal profession to make a career possible. These requirements often conflict with motherhood or the demands of raising a child. "
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Invisible Man, 2006.
A look at the role of women in 'Invisible Man' by Ralph Ellison.
1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Ralph Ellison's book, 'Invisible Man'. Specifically the paper focuses on the role of women in the book. According to the paper, the female characters are placed behind the scenes and some readers never understand the importance the women play in this novel.
From the Paper
"Other women in the novel are not as important as Mary is, although they all aid the narrator's growth and transformation from boy to mature man. The "magnificent blonde" stripper he sees during the first chapter is purely sexual, and so sexual he must look away from her magnificent body. Many of the other shadowy women in the novel are stereotypically sexual too. There is Emma, the white woman who he dances with until the wee hours of the morning, and the anonymous white married woman who he has a brief affair with and never sees again. They all help him grow and mature, and so, their role in the novel is quite crucial. "
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Sex in Development, 2006.
A review of the ideas of Stacey Leigh Pigg, a professor of anthropology and sociology, regarding sex and society.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Stacey Leigh Pigg writes that there is a distinction made between biology and beliefs about the body in international health, setting traditional cultural beliefs against scientific truth. According to the paper, Pigg argues that, although what is taking place in international health today is the process of replacing misconceptions with facts, there is also a lot more going on.
From the Paper
"The power to define what is normal is also the power to call anything that does not meet the criteria of normal a misconception and so something that must be made correct through the use of facts. In much of the world, the decision as to what is normal derives from religious prescription or from cultural tradition, while in the West, that decision is made on a scientific basis, which at some point is a matter of statistics, meaning that which is most common is likely to be identified as that which is normal. As Pigg notes, "The ability to claim privileged, rational access to 'reality' accrues to those most firmly connected with the longest and most stable network" (Pigg 61). In traditional societies, that role is often maintained by the religious leader or some similar arbiter of morality and rightness. "
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"Men and Women of the Corporation", 2007.
This paper reviews Rosabeth Moss Kanter's work about the differences in management between men and women in the business world, "Men and Women of the Corporation".
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how Rosabeth Moss Kanter uses many sampling methods in the study that she conducted regarding the differences between men and women in the corporate world and how they react to leadership. The paper looks at what Kanter's work can mean for management in the corporate world where men and women are concerned. The paper explains that men have traditionally taken a stronger approach to leadership, while women have often gone for a softer attitude. The paper notes that the prediction of Kanter that men and women would be equal within the workplace has still not come true.
From the Paper
"One of the sampling methods that Kanter used in her study was theoretical (or purposive) sampling (Kanter, 1977), which means that Kanter believed that the variables which she chose were very representative of the population that she was studying. She also, to some extent, utilized the idea of 'convenience sampling' because she collected volunteers from a meeting. These 111 women that attended this meeting were asked to fill out the survey that was helpful to the study (Kanter, 1977), and this was largely why Kanter was able to collect this large amount of participants for the study."
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Same Sex Marriage and Gay Adoption, 2006.
A discussion regarding issues surrounding same-sex marriage and gay adoption.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
A review of various issues related to same-sex marriage and gay adoption from a personal perspective. The paper concludes in support of the legalization of adoption for same-sex couples, and either marriages or civil unions of same-sex partners.
From the Paper
"All available evidence suggests that same-sex marriage does not weaken the status of heterosexual marriage. Same-sex marriage has already been legalized in several European countries. In each such state, evidence suggests that that heterosexual marriage patterns have actually strengthened since the acceptance of gay marriage. In fact, Scandinavian children are more likely to be raised in a home with both of their biological parents than American children are. Professor Lee Badgett, a professor with the University of Massachusetts, has shown very convincingly that "there is no evidence that giving partnership rights to same-sex couples had any impact on heterosexual marriage in Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands."
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Anorexia in Adolescent Males, 2007.
This paper looks at the relationship between anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive behaviors in adolescent males.
703 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that anorexia nervosa is not a new disorder in terms of dysfunctional adolescent development. The writer points out, however, that the disorder has long been thought of as being a female crisis rather than having much influence on adolescent male development. The writer explains that as defined by the American Psychiatric Association, anorexia nervosa is best described as an excessive preoccupation with weight and body image. Although little research is available with respect to the male anorexic, the writer maintains that overall the disorder is likely a result of bio-psycho-social factors and encouraged by society wherein appearance is a worthy individual trait.
Outline:
Introduction and Literature Review
Research Purpose, Question and Hypothesis
References
From the Paper
"As defined by the American Psychiatric Association anorexia nervosa is best described as an excessive preoccupation with weight and body image. Some of the more frequent symptoms exhibited by the male population include social isolationism, perfectionism, rigid cognitive style, and obsessive-compulsiveness in terms of an expressed fear of gaining weight over muscle growth. Although the general lack of a slimness value on male adolescents puts them at a somewhat lower risk the phenomenon is increasing in frequency wherein the muscular body type is seen as an advantage to gaining a competitive edge, albeit in sports, social relations, or an ideal male image."
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"Two Kinds", 2007.
An analysis of the short story, "Two Kinds", by Amy Tan.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how Amy Tan directly addresses a power struggle between a mother and a daughter. The paper examines how the mother's sad story of her emigration from China under adverse conditions makes it clear that the mother has no control over her tragic past. Instead, she has high hopes for the future. The paper further examines how the intractable and resistant daughter's battle with the overbearing and desperate mother shows the levels and complexities of their relationship and reveals a universal truth.
From the Paper
"The lack of control over their pasts makes both women zealous to have a future that is different. Unfortunately, their zeal for the future is not shared, or not shared in the same way, by their daughters. Their controlling behavior alienates their daughters and causes competition between the mothers, too. Such hope for the future is so impossible that it is destined to fail. The perspective of a daughter looking back on a childhood event is imbued with regret, and the narrator says, "I never found a way to ask her why she had hoped for something so large that failure was inevitable.""
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Sex Tourism in the Caribbean, 2007.
An analysis of the history and current conditions of the sex trade in Jamaica and Cuba.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sex trade in Jamaica and compares it to Cuba. It describes the history of the trade and the factors that influence it. The paper examines the socioeconomic factors that contribute to the trade, as well as the rise of men in the trade of prostitution. It also look into the participation of tourists in the demand for this service. Finally, the paper researches the conditions in which the women work and live, which women work within the strip clubs and brothels, the accompanying use of drugs, their health-care (specifically as to HIV and STD testing) and their chances of being arrested for their work choice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Background
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Kempadoo (2004) strives toward illumination of the inner working of the sex trade in the Caribbean as related to gender, sexuality, race and work and the economics of the sex industry. According to Kempadoo (2004) generally prostitution is viewed as violence toward women however Kempadoo challenges this accepted view holding that sex for money can be oppressive but in the lives of the women in the Caribbean it may also be a provider of a form of freedom. In the work "Global Sex Workers" the various authors use the term 'sex workers' very deliberately. The view held is that criminalization of prostitution is that it results in hurting the workers themselves instead of protecting them. The authors look at prostitution from an angle that looks at the deeper morals that exist within the inner-workings of the economics of prostitution and introduces the reader to the voice of the sex workers themselves. This work provides a candid view in the reality of prostitution in the Caribbean."
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Gender in Bronte and Rhy, 2007.
This paper discusses the theme of gender as portrayed in Charlotte Bronte's 'Jane Eyre' and Jean Rhy's 'Wide Sargasso Sea'.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that Charlotte Bronte's 'Jane Eyre' and Jean Rhy's 'Wide Sargasso Sea' are both compelling novels with regard to issues of gender within the context of literature. The writer points out that for the most part the two works can be read as the telling of the same story, from two differing cultural perspectives and from the perspectives of two different women. The writer notes that one woman, Jane, embraces her station in life, as an Englishwoman of little means while the Creole Antoinette fears the dangers that threaten her life, as an outcast, not quite white colonial and not black like the servants and workers in her home, post colonial Jamaica. This paper concentrates on the study of gender as a main theme throughout both works.
From the Paper
"Antoinette's husband does not see the petty jealousy and how it has taken away the woman he remembers from his honeymoon and leaves it to her to show him this woman again, while Antoinette feels so betrayed that she introverts into herself, with stoic pride and in so doing seals her fate with her husband, who is not wise enough to offer the kind of kindness Rochester eventually offers Jane, once he has been blinded by the fire that Bertha set. Yet, it should be noted that Rochester only rights the wrongs he has done Jane when he has been stripped of all his worth and even his sight. It takes the monumental event of losing everything to bring him to right the wrongs of his past, again an expression of the lengths to which men must go in these works to fully understand their own actions and the needs of others."
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'A Room of One's Own', 2006.
A look at the subject of women and fiction, as discussed in Virginia Woolf's famous essay, 'A Room of One's Own'.
1,669 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews 'A Room of One's Own' by Virginia Woolf. The paper argues that Virginia Woolf privileges men and masculinity over women and femininity in her essay. The paper draws examples from the essay to support the argument.
From the Paper
"Why was there no woman with Shakespeare's brilliance? She agrees with the biased views of various professors that "it would have been impossible, completely and entirely, for any woman to have written the plays of Shakespeare in the age of Shakespeare" (46). Woolf explains that even if a woman had possessed the creative gifts of Shakespeare, the world would never have known it. She suggests that perhaps Shakespeare had a "wonderfully gifted sister," but she did not have the opportunities he had. Shakespeare's sister "remained at home. She was as adventurous, as imaginative, as agog to see the world as he was. But she was not sent to school" (47). Woolf even imagines Shakespeare's sister being forced into marriage, coerced by her parents, running away, and eventually killing herself because of her frustrated genius. Woolf adamantly insists that "it is unthinkable that any woman in Shakespeare's day should have had Shakespeare's genius," but her reason is not that women are inferior. Instead, they were poor, uneducated, and enslaved by domestic duty. Since "genius like Shakespeare's is not born among labouring, uneducated, servile people,"(48) no woman had a chance to develop and express her "incandescence" like Shakespeare did. Instead, she "would certainly have gone crazed, shot herself, or ended her days in some lonely cottage outside the village, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked at. For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty" (49). "
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"Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex", 2007.
A critique of the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview," by Richard Anker.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in the article "Theories of Occupational Segregation by Sex: An Overview", author Richard Anker looks at how severe occupational segregation is when it comes to the sex of the individual. It looks at how Anker discusses many different options for why women are not treated the same way as men when it comes to working and what kinds of jobs that they can be accepted for. In addition, the paper discusses how Anker points out that women are still not comparably paid, even when they have the same employer and the same job description as a man.
From the Paper
"One of the most significant issues with this article, however, is how in-depth Anker (1997) gets. Instead of simply glossing over the issue and saying that there is occupational segregation based on sex because employers do not think that women and men can do the same kind of work, Anker (1997) addresses the many issues that surround it, such as the absenteeism that women often display. This absenteeism is seen for many reasons, including increased family responsibilities (Anker, 1997). These family responsibilities are just a part of life for most women today, as they are expected to handle everything at home and still work as well. It is no surprise that these women sometimes miss work or are late for work. "
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Sexual Harassment, 2006.
An in-depth look at sexual harassment and the development of prevention programs.
8,859 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 34 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a method for exploring the topic of sexual harassment in relationship to demographics. The paper explores many factors that characterize both the harasser and the one being harassed. The paper seeks to define the topic further for the purpose of improving education on sexual harassment and developing programs targeted toward stopping it.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Rationale
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
History and Definition
Reporting Sexual Harassment
Sociological Theories
Effects of Sexual Harassment
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Sample Population
Data Collection Procedures
Survey Instrument
Data analysis
Chapter 4 - Conclusion
Discussion
Recommendations
Works Cited
Appendix 1 - The Survey Instrument
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that women with more conservative beliefs about gender roles are not as likely to report sexual harassment, than women who are more liberal concerning gender roles (Guadagno & Marin 1999; Samolouk & Pretty, 1994). It is believed that this is the case because conservative women have a greater sensitivity to gender-role expectations and violations (Guadagno & Marin 1999). In addition the authors assert that females that report and label are often perceived as violating the good employee expectancy (Guadagno & Marin 1999). As a result "Success in these roles may involve conforming to social rules and norms while avoiding conflicts. Women who report and label harassment may be viewed as troublemakers and subsequently may not be selected for promotions or other career opportunities. Consistent with this idea is women's fear that they will be accused of provocation if they report sexual harassment (Adams et al., 1983; Guadagno & Marin 1999 )."As it relates to men and the reporting of sexual harassment, there has been a marked increase in the number of men reporting sexual misconduct. "
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Sexual Education in American Schools, 2007.
A discussion on the importance of accurate sexual education in American schools.
3,257 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the role of social workers in providing sexual education in American schools. The need for such programming is described in light of students developing healthy sexuality while being aware of potential risks. It views social workers as part of the process of sexual education, and encourages them to be prepared to provide unbiased, truthful information. The paper further argues against the current trend towards abstinence-only sexuality education, which has left students unprepared for real-life sexual situations.
From the Paper
"Sexuality is an important and integral part of human relationships and society, and the social worker plays an important role in providing information and support for people that will lead to healthy sexuality. Although it is ideal that sexual education begin in the home, many young people receive their only reliable information about sex from school education programs and services provided by social agencies. Sexuality does not begin at marriage; it is a lifelong process that has biological, emotional, psychological, and social factors. (Synovitz, 2002) Sexual education helps young people develop an understanding of sexuality, develop a positive view of their own bodies, and aids them in making responsible decisions. Today, there is a great deal of controversy surrounding sexual education, and students are at risk of receiving inaccurate information on the subject, or not receiving this information that is vital to their health at all. Despite the fact that young people are exposed to more unavoidable sexual images in the media today than ever before, many groups of people believe it is harmful for children to receive detailed, accurate information about sex, even though this may be the only way to prevent them from hurting themselves or others due to the misinformation received through non-educational sources. Sex education has actually been a normal part of schooling since the early 1900s, and the recent trend towards abstinence-only education is a harmful one. With the prevalence of teenage sex, sexually-transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and explicit sexual content in the media, it is important that young people receive complete information about sexuality, not simply that it is best to wait until marriage to have it. Social workers must be involved in complete sexual education without judgment through schools and social agencies, and help others understand why abstinence-only education puts youth in harm's way."
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Gender Differences in Spatial Orientation, 2007.
This paper describes the physiological differences between men's and women's spacial abilities.
2,908 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several studies which suggest a physiological basis for the differences in men's and women's spacial abilities. Several studies are described in detail, including their experimental setting and outcomes. The author concludes by evaluating the available research findings and stating that these differences have a concrete physiological basis.
From the Paper
"Gender Differences in Spatial Orientation
The size of certain inner ear structures may be the reason why men are able to adjust themselves more accurately to their environment than women (ScienceDaily 2006). This is the finding of a study recently published and which tested the differences in the way the male and female subjects make judgments and how they orient themselves in their environment. Professor Luc Tremblay of the University of Toronto's Faculty of Physical Education and Health, which conducted the study, said that the subjects' responses to verbal instructions on how they determine spatial orientation did not remove the differences between them and this provided the basis for the assumption that the differences may be physiological in nature. Tremblay called attention to particular inner ear structures, called otoliths, which are sensitive to inertial forces, like gravity, and which are larger in men than in women and enable men to adjust better to their space or environment. The 11 male and 13 female subjects showed that there were still significant differences, with the women more drawn towards their feet and more likely to misjudge their horizontal environment. The women subjects, however, showed that they could perform better in sensory tasks and situations, such as driving a car or piloting a plane, and avoiding worst-case scenario in spatial orientation. This showed why women tend to act more cautiously towards what they sense or perceive, while men tend to take risks."
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Same-Sex Marriages, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of same-sex marriages.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the civil rights movements of the 1960s and early 1970s dramatically altered the political landscape for homosexuality and began the lingering battle over gay rights. The author points out that many laws banning homosexual marriage arose during the 1950s and 1960s because of the fear of the breakdown of American morality; however, targeting gays as scapegoats is inane because there are no connections between homosexuality and degenerate morals. The paper stresses that no state has the right to ban homosexual marriage any more than it has the right to prevent women from voting or blacks from serving in Congress because same-sex marriage is ultimately a civil rights issue.
From the Paper
"Times are changing. The 1960s saw a wave of social and political activism that put a stop to Jim Crow, secured greater freedoms for women, and enabled gays and lesbians to be included in anti-discrimination legislation. Much remains to be done in all three of these core civil rights rubrics. Race relations remain touchy in many parts of the United States and minorities are still underrepresented in positions of political and economic power. Similarly, women are underrepresented in many key professions and still earn less money than their male counterparts."
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Sexual Identity, 2007.
An analysis of issues facing counselors working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons.
2,106 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses certain general themes that can be identified as common concerns for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons. The paper particularly discusses issues that may be faced by this population group in a counseling setting and how counselors should be educated in ways to assist with identity development, which is a common concern faced by this group.
From the Paper
"Researchers further report that ones consciousness of trans-phobia has been raised since learning of the intensity and frequency of harassment directed against differently gendered individuals. Although the sexual orientation of many gay, lesbian, bisexual people may not be immediately apparent to others, many transgender persons do not or cannot "pass" (conceal the fact that they are differently gendered) and, therefore, are the most frequently targeted group for social persecution. They further reported that "We do not think any of us in the majority who fit into the normative gender categories of male and female can imagine the paradoxical situation of being very obvious and yet invisible at the same time. Perhaps, most of all, our experiences with the transgender have taught us", as Laird (1999) suggested, to realize our serious professional obligation to take the stories of our transgender clients into the professional literature and into the streets to enable a more humane and just world for all gender identities. (Carroll, Gilroy & Ryan, 2002)"
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"M. Butterfly", 2007.
A discussion on the exotic, feminine Orient in the Western imagination, as depicted in David Henry Hwang's drama "M. Butterfly".
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how "M. Butterfly" is a play about the power of stereotypes to do harm, both to the person and the culture they are inflicted against, and also against the people who hold such stereotypes. The paper describes how, at the end of the play, Gallimard is destroyed because he realizes his life was based upon a lie, just as China was harmed by the lies and exploitation of Western colonialism. The paper examines how the conflict of gender, national, and identity issues are dramatically depicted in David Hwang's "M. Butterfly," when the French diplomat Rene Gallimard falls in love with a feminine image of the East, in the persona of the actress Song Liling.
From the Paper
"Gallimard has a psychological as well as a national and gender based need to see Song as feminine. Thus, the gender disguises of the play do not merely invert stereotypes of male and female, Asian and West. They also destroy the security of Gallimard's own identity as a strong, male Westerner with power. Song Liling is not only a man. Song uses Gallimard's own cultural stereotypes to exploit the Frenchman. Gallimard begins the play thinking he is the Western, White man taking advantage of the virginal 'Oriental' maiden. But like the opera's "Madam Butterfly," Gallimard ends the play abandoned, disgraced, cut off from his countrymen and finally suicidal. Thus Gallimard's own secure identity as a powerful man has been so undercut, he cannot live with himself, because he no longer knows who he is as a person."
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