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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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White-Collar Crime, 2008.
This paper analyzes the rise of white-collar crime within the United States in relation to John Maynard Keynes' and Adam Smith's free market systems.
3,081 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the free market global economy has played a large role in increasing corporate crimes. The paper looks at the conflict between the economic theories of Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes and shows how the details of economic global free market systems can identify the problems of 20th century white-collar crime within the discourse of rights and justice-based theory. The paper presents a strategic plan that will address systemic problems that facilitate corporate crime. The paper believes that with a coordinated resolve to fight corporate crime, this is a workable strategy that will improve the situation substantially and prevent a great deal of free market abuse.
From the Paper
"The central issue of Adam Smith's "hidden hand" economics in the free market economy is the growing failure of the U.S. government to regulate the way that banking has been practiced in global markets. One example of this was the problem of the Savings and Loan Crisis, which often deregulated banking institutions, causing problematic ethical issues through justice based theories of fair and balanced market behaviors. In this case, the government did not enforce restrictions on competitive measures for commercial banks for the greater benefit of the banking industry."
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The Parmalat Scandal, 2008.
This paper examines the accounting and auditing roles in the Italian Parmalat scandal.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Italian food conglomerate Parmalat's financial scandal that was one of the worst in world history. The paper looks at the combination of financial fraud and lax oversight and demonstrates what went wrong. The paper focuses on the auditor's role in this scandal and addresses what can be done to avoid such unethical activities in the future.
Outline:
What Went Wrong at Parmalat?
What Was the Auditor's Role?
What Can Be Done to Avoid Parmalat in the Future?
From the Paper
"In December 2003, the Italian food conglomerate Parmalat crashed in a financial scandal that was one of the worst in world history (Citizen Works, 2006). Through a combination of financial fraud and lax oversight, the company had engaged in misstating income and hiding debt. In fact, the fraud was so extensive that almost 80% of the company's income for one sales year was fabricated of lies, and all of its profits were made up (Rogers, 2005). The scandal was particularly damaging to proponents of a principles-based reform of accounting, since it showed that such a system was just as prone to abuse and scandal as an alternate rules-based system. In fact, following the Enron and Worldcom scandals in the U.S., under the rules-based accounting system followed in the U.S., the Generally Accounted Accounting Principles (GAAP) had been reformed under Sarbanes-Oxley to bring the GAAP standards more in line with principles-based approaches (Rogers, 2005). The Parmalat scandal showed that these reforms ultimately may not work either if the accountants in a scandal are either collusive or neglectful to the point that scandal is possible by unethical persons."
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Ethical Marketing, 2008.
This paper analyzes the legal and ethical issue surrounding the Hoodia Gordonii marketing and claims surrounding its use as an appetite suppressant.
2,621 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes a particular ethical marketing issue by focusing on diet supplements that use Hoodia Gordonii as an ingredient and claim to help individuals lose weight. The paper provides a thorough investigation and analysis of the claims, so as to grasp the ethical and legal implications of this marketing activity. The paper discusses how unethical marketing destroys a market. The paper concludes that the Hoodia Gordonii products is guilty of intentionally advertising falsely in order to maximize profits.
Outline:
The Magic Weight Loss Ingredient, Hoodia Gordonii: Can it Do What it Claims?
Ethical and Legal Implications of Hoodia Claims: A Comprehensive Analysis
Marketing Outcomes and Ethics: Examples from Hoodia Gordonii
Legality Versus Ethics: Lessons from Hoodia Gordonii
Consumer Bill of Rights: A Consideration in Wake of Diet Pill Scams
Social Marketing and the Organizational Culture: Where Does Hoodia Lie?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hoodia is a natural herb, from a flowering plant, that was used by African villagers for treating various illnesses. It was later found that a component of the plant was an appetite suppressant (Adams, 2005, para 25). This chemical component called P57 was isolated and patented and licensed in 1996. This license was released by the original holders United Kingdom company Phytopharm in 2002 (this company had collaborated with the large pharmaceutical company Pfizer to develop an appetite suppressant)."
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American Mass Media, 2008.
This paper analyzes the conflict of mass media versus the individual ethics of journalism in relation to the War in Iraq.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the conflict between mass media organizations and the individual ethics of journalism through the sociological and philosophical views of Max Weber and Aristotle. The paper discusses the capitalistic tendency for mass media to control an "authoritarian" point of view favorable to the American interest in Iraq. The paper focuses on the issue of ethics regarding the lack of an individual's capacity to attain objective news coverage.
From the Paper
"The relative situation in Iraq one now see holds a great lack of overall research into individual perceptions of the War in Iraq, and why journalists tend to look at larger, more sweeping views on the conflict between Americans and Iraqis. In this manner, many mass media journalists seem to focus on the numbers of soldiers involved, the American governments reaction to the war, and other larger macrocosmic focuses that reflect an interest in an American perception, rather than the suffering of the native peoples who have to live through this war. During the coverage of the war, there are often American points of views that define the combat through American perspectives. For instance, journalist George Packer shows an Iraqi woman's point of view and why she wants to side with the Americans."
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Cigarette Advertising, 2008.
This paper explores the issue of cigarette advertising from a normative ethical perspective.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the complex ethical questions involved in the debate over limiting the power of cigarette manufacturers to advertise. The paper explains that while limiting advertising can be justified from a utilitarian perspective, from a Kantian perspective of rights, such a limitation presents grave implications for the future of our society. The paper argues that a normative approach to this issue would be to recognize the importance of "rule utilitarianism" as opposed to pure utilitarianism as the key determinant of government action.
From the Paper
"The current situation would suggest that there is a clear and present for governments to take action given the need to protect the public interest, together with the need to counteract the resources available to the tobacco industry to sell their product. Indeed, the history of cigarette advertising is such that it would seem this argument is almost unquestionable. For example, this industry has a long history of using advertising to appeal to young people and the public at large by covertly covering up the effects of tobacco. Following following the end of World War II, the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co. boasted that "More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette" (Waxman). This advertising claim carried the clear implication that the medical community as a whole endorses "Camels" cigarettes. While no tobacco company would dare to make such a statement today, that does not stop the industry from trying to make smoking appear cool to teenagers."
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Ethics and the Correctional System, 2008.
A review of an article by Laurel J. Sweet "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers".
797 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews an article penned by Laurel J. Sweet, "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers" and focuses on the benefits of having both a written code of ethics in place and a strong leadership able to enforce that code. The paper discusses how a code of ethics protects the department from lengthy appeals that frustrate efforts to get nefarious individuals out of the force. The paper also explains how strong leadership can prompt subordinates to follow the code or at least not hold its tenets in contempt.
From the Paper
"The importance of a written code of ethics can scarcely be exaggerated - in any professional setting, but especially in one as important (and where power balances can be as great) as the correctional system of the United States. In her article, "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers," Laurel J. Sweet writes about the 2003 decision of Suffolk County sheriff, Andrea J. Cabral, to hire former Suffolk District Deputy Chief of District Courts, Viktor Theiss, to "cultivate" the resources and techniques necessary to "weed out" members of the local correctional services population who are committing policy violations to outright criminal acts - such as drug peddling to sexual exploitation of prisoners."
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Teaching Special Students, 2008.
This paper determines a teacher's personal professional and ethical standards for working with students with special needs.
736 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses how he is expected to meet the individualized needs of every student despite the challenges inherent in the job. The writer reveals that there are too few special needs teachers, the teachers must deal with students who have a wide range of personal and academic needs, they are increasingly held responsible for their students' performance in the classroom and are not appreciated by many families. The writer reveals that he is disillusioned by the pressures but emphasizes that he sees special education students as valuable children and adolescents and recognizes that he needs to do his best as a teacher in helping them achieve their potential.
From the Paper
"Determining my personal professional and ethical standards for working with students whom have developmental disabilities and mental retardation has been a challenging process. I have found myself increasingly prone to frame my interactions with these students in terms of priorities, specifically how and to what extent my interactions with one student should take precedence over another. This should not suggest that I do not value each student, nor consider that every student under my care deserves different levels of commitment. However, I find myself asked to give significant time, care, and classroom resources to every student, and there are simply not enough of these to meet every unique need. And it is especially evident that there are pressures from the parents, the school, and the state to provide greater aid to some students than others, even if I believe that the second student may extract a greater overall benefit."
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Antigone, 2008.
An ethical character analysis of Antigone in "Antigone" by Sophocles.
924 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the central character, Antigone, from the play "Antigone" by Sophocles. The paper examines the ethical issue of power struggles and corruption that rise within Antigone, as she must strive to seek justice for her family. The paper shows how the feelings of loyalty, justice and the family unit are important aspects of Antigone's ethical values.
From the Paper
"In the Greek tragedy Antigone, there is the theme of tragedy that reflects local tradition in obeying the laws of the land, but ultimately, Antigone must follow a more noble cause in using moral and ethical justice against Creon for displaying such ignoble against her dead brother, Polynices. Of course, Eteocles had broken the pact with his brother, Polynices, by refusing to share the throne and breaking the societal bond for family loyalty, which ends in their deaths. For Antigone, this is basis for her ethical role in the play, as she becomes the main barrier between family loyalty and Creon's (as well as her brothers') maniacal lust for power."
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Rule Utilitarianism and the State, 2008.
A review of the film, "Judgment at Nuremberg," directed by Stanley Kramer and the ethical or normative theories that affect construction of a desired society.
2,036 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four major ethical or normative theories to the problem of the construction of a desired society. It looks at the significance of realism in normative analysis. The paper analyzes the film, "Judgment at Nuremberg," directed by Stanley Kramer in order to illustrate the challenges of devising a normative ethical viewpoint given the ethical complexity inherent in modern society.
From the Paper
"While Nazi Germany is an extreme example it is, unfortunately, representative of many tyrannies in human history in which a minority has seen its rights stripped, and claims of justice and community values/virtue dismissed, to supply the happiness or greater utility of the majority. The system of slavery in the American South prior to the Civil War represents precisely a model of precisely such a challenge."
"In this regard, a normative analysis would suggest that rule utilitarianism offers a stronger and more viable principle of utility than pure utilitarianism. Modern rule utilitarians, for example, "place heavy emphasis on human rights and freedoms" (Dwyer 163) which can be incorporated in this normative theory in a way they cannot be in pure utilitarianism."
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Presents for Police, 2008.
This paper reviews an article by Tom Bailey "Top Local Cops Don't See Freebies as Problem", which discusses the practice of granting gratuities to law enforcement officials.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines an article from the Memphis,Tennessee "Commercial Appeal" that discusses the ethics behind the issuing of gratuities to police officers. The paper looks at the attitudes of those who favor discounts and other "perks" for officers and those who argue against such privileges. The paper is of the opinion that public monies should be set aside towards paying police officers the salaries they deserve.
From the Paper
"Without question, the acceptance of gratuities by police officers has been a matter of growing concern in recent years - although a case can certainly be made that the specter of police corruption has always been a hot topic for discussion among policy-makers and among the general public. A recent article appearing in the Memphis, Tennessee's, Commercial Appeal, begins by noting an incident wherein a police deputy was offered (and presumably took) a hefty discount after eating at a local Memphis restaurant. The rationale behind the practice of granting gratuities, apparently, is that local businesses, eateries and stores are more than happy to give officers "a little extra" if it means that they will be more likely to patronize a particular establishment with all of the accoutrements (gun, badge and radio) of their trade."
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Law, Deontology and Utilitarianism, 2008.
This paper explores utilitarianism, deontology and lawyers' ethical duties.
766 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses utilitarianism, an ethical philosophy which holds that the right course of action is the course of action which provides the greatest good. The paper then looks at deontological ethics that believes a person has certain duties which he should carry out. The paper looks at Immanuel Kant's deontological beliefs of moral duties and discusses how duty requires a defense lawyer to zealously represent the defendant even if he/she knows that a client is guilty and believes that if the client is not imprisoned, he/she will commit more crimes. The paper further explains that an attorney is required to not take a case in which he cannot give zealous representation.
From the Paper
"Utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy which holds that the right course of action is the course of action which provides the greatest good or the greatest number. As articulated by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, this ethic holds that the two controlling emotions in life are pleasure and pain. Man prefers pleasure. Thus, for the isolated individual, an action producing pleasure is good; an action producing pain is bad. For a person in society, an action is good if the pleasure felt by all those affected is greater than the pain felt by those affected. (Hollinger 2002, pp. 32-33; Bentham, 1949; Mill, 1979)"
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Utilitarianism and Enron, 2008.
This paper explains the theory of utilitarianism in relation to the Valhalla oil trading scandal at Enron.
734 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the utilitarian moral theory and how it is applicable to the Valhalla oil trading scandal at Enron. The paper shows how this theory highlights important components of Enron's interactions with its environment and how Kenneth Lay dealt with ethical issues. The paper explains how utilitarianism allows unethical actions so long as these actions give rise to sufficient benefits and how the Valhalla oil trading scandal in Enron is an example of this.
From the Paper
"The utilitarian moral theory or the 'greatest happiness principle' according to notes from Russell Marcus is based on the idea that the moral measure of an action is measured by the addition to total utility. Specifically, the morally correct or right act produces the greatest utility/satisfaction/action for the most individuals within a society. Marcus's class notes identify the three clauses of the Utilitarian Moral Theory as 1) consequentialism; where acts are judged by their outcomes. 2) Hedonism; where outcomes are evaluated by the total amount of happiness/utility they derive for the individual. 3) Equalitarianism; where each individual is accounted for as one entity, that is, without just cause no one is worth more than another (Marcus)."
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Managing Resources: A Study Guide, 2008.
A discussion of time management and study skills, as relevant to a college student.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines some time management and study skills and how these skills can be applied to make one a better student and a better person. The paper explores how and where to access information, academic integrity, developing effective study skills, managing time wisely and setting and achieving goals. The paper points out that there is no better time to learn these skills than in college, when a person is establishing the patterns that will govern his or her life.
Outline:
Conducting Successful Library and Internet Searches
Upholding Academic Honesty
Developing Effective Study Skills
Managing Time Wisely
Setting and Achieving Goals
From the Paper
"In the journey of a lifetime, the way that a person deals with challenges and limits will largely determine his or her success (Robbins, 1986). Such limits include basic concerns such as time available during a day, information available for directing activities, and the person's capacity to manage activities within the context of specific desires and goals. The person who responds to challenges with integrity, resourcefulness, and determination will be more likely to succeed (Covey, 1989). Resource usage and management - whether the resource is time, money, information, talent and ability, or character - is key. There is no better time to learn the skills necessary to use resources than in college, when a person is establishing the patterns that will govern his or her life (Carter, Bishop, Cravits, 2002)."
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Nursing, Ethics and Learning Models, 2008.
This paper discusses the need to train nurses in the provisions outlined in the Nursing Code of Ethics.
1,126 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the evolution of the nursing field requires drastic changes at the educational institution level. The paper relates that, while learning can be attained through class studies, practical learning models are necessary in developing strong nursing candidates. The paper discusses the provisions outlined in the Nursing Code of Ethics and how it can improve the University of Phoenix learning model for health professions.
From the Paper
"The first provision in the Nursing Code of Ethics discusses the ethical responsibility of a nurse toward each patient. The ability to recognize a patient's ailments and have the knowledge to explain basic information regarding patient status and disabilities is of paramount importance. Primarily, nursing requires the utmost respect for human dignity. To take into account the needs, emotions and situations for each patient and to respect the roles of each staff member is something that cannot necessarily be taught within a classroom setting ("Nursing Code of Ethics", 2005 p. 1)."
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The Ethical Obligations of Corporations, 2008.
This paper debates the moral and ethical obligations of corporations in modern society.
2,970 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper consists of two parts. Part I of the paper shows how corporations make decisions on the assumption that injury and death to innocent people is an acceptable cost for profits. The paper looks at the Ford Motor Company that did not reveal that their Pinto model had a gas tank that could explode and burn. The paper argues that the rise in white-collar crime is linked to the materialist, consumerist nature of our society, which is reflected in our legal systems. Part II of the paper analyzes these kinds of behaviors by applying normative theories to them. The paper shows how neither utilitarian, deontological nor virtue ethics theories can give a clear and definitive answer to the question of whether Ford made a correct choice.
From the Paper
"An example of corporations putting profit before any other consideration may be found in the case of the Ford Motor Company. This company decided at one time to keep quiet about the fact that their Pinto model had a gas tank that tended to explode and burn in the event of a rear end collision. This of course resulted in injury to people inside the vehicles, and sometimes even death. Ford's reasoning was that it would be more profitable to settle resultant law suits than to recall the faulty vehicles. (Samuelson) It is important to note that this decision was not classified as a crime, even though one might expect it to be. It is argued in this essay that the reasons for this kind of thinking (both the decision Ford made, and the fact that it was not classified as a crime) go right to the root of the nature and values of our society, which in turn are reflected in our legal systems."
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Suicide in America, 2008.
This paper evaluates the ethics and morality of suicide within modern American society.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This study examines the ethical and moral arguments that support or decline the validity of suicide within modern American society. By examining the role of assisted suicide for suffering patients, the autonomy of a person's own body argues that the law has no right to interfere with the rational taking of one's own life. In contrast, the writer maintains that the morality of the law often denies a person's self-autonomy due to the religious and ethical background of the American legal apparatus. In essence, these two contradicting points of view are analyzed within this ethical and moral evaluation of suicide in modern American society.
From the Paper
"Although the law makes it possible for a person to terminate life with the consent of a family member, the issue of self-autonomy and the right to life is deferred on religious morality and within the criterion of the Hippocratic Oath that many doctors adhere to in their medical code of ethics. These are the major factors that define how American law perceives suicide and how it can be dine within the parameters of social morality and ethical standards. Often, the basis of religious or medical ethics provide the legal standards that often enforce a lack of self-autonomy on the part of patient's to choose their own suicide. By understanding the basis of law, one can now examine the counter arguments for suicide that detail the right to live or die through a person's own bodily autonomy."
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Martha Stewart's Unethical Behavior, 2008.
This paper discusses the serious ethical lapses of Martha Stewart.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper describes Martha Stewart's insider trading when she sold her stock in the ImClone company. The paper details her subsequent denial and deceit. The paper discusses how under any ethical system; from a normative perspective, a utilitarian point of view and a deontological standpoint, Stewart acted wrongly.
From the Paper
"On December 27, 2001, Sam Waksal, the key shareholder in ImClone, ordered his broker to sell all his stock in the company. The broker, who was also Martha Stewart's broker, told his assistant to phone Stewart. The assistant left Stewart a message about Waksal's sales, suggesting she might do the same. Stewart called the broker back and ordered him to sell.
"ImClone stock plummeted and Waksal was investigated. The SEC learned of Stewart's sale, and called Stewart to a formal interview. Before the interview, Stewart and her broker conspired. Rather than admitting that the broker gave Stewart an inside tip, they invented a story of a "standing sell order." Stewart gave this story to the government in formal interviews. After a lengthy investigation, Stewart on various charges on June 4, 2002, although not for insider trading."
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Aviation Disasters, 2008.
An analysis of whether the families of plane crash victims have been treated fairly over the last 15 years.
2,366 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
There are few things more tragic than the unexpected loss of a loved one. With this in mind, this paper looks at how the grieving families of plane crash victims have been treated by the National Transportation Safety Board, by the airline industry, by the courts, and by the United States government over the course of the last 15 years. In so doing, it hopes to illustrate that many of the pertinent authorities have frequently fallen short in satisfying their ethical and moral obligations to the loved ones of crash victims - and towards the memory of those who perished.
From the Paper
"In some important respects, recent history shows that the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has not always well-served the families of those who lost their lives in jetliner crashes. For example, victims' families have frequently complained that the NTSB has done a poor job of keeping them informed about the progress of investigations. At the same time, the surviving loved ones of crash victims have often expressed displeasure at the fact that airlines have made families wait for hours before confirming that a brother, sister, mother, father, grandparent was on-board a downed jetliner ("Helping the Families," 1996). "
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