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What Constitutes Obscenity?, 2006.
A review of obscenity and what is considered by American society to be obscene.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans despise obscenity by and large, but have always had a problem with identifying just what was obscene and why. This study maintains that while popular and legal definitions may vary, some people may simply consider something obscene if it is forced upon them rather than when they purposely seek out such literary materials or artistic works for themselves for prurient or other reasons. A summary of the research and important findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Arbiters of Obscenity and Their Implications for Artists and the Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Kidd, there was essentially no due process provided the artist in this unfair association between him and denied Mapplethorpe his "day in court" in which he could voice his rebuttals; rather, the case was an example of an arbitrary - and some say capricious - decision by the Institute for Contemporary Art as to what they regarded as obscene, and they got paid handsomely for the privilege of designating Mapplethorpe's work as being obscene: "The key decisions that implicated the NEA in the funding of 'obscenity' were made not by the artist, and not even by the NEA, but by mediating arts organizations -- specifically, the Institute for Contemporary Art in Philadelphia, that used a $30,000 NEA grant to mount a retrospective of Mapplethorpe's photography" (Kidd, 2003, p. 6). By any measure, Mapplethorpe's works could be viewed as being inappropriate for certain age groups or others, depending on the unique individual factors involved, but the same issues that affected the Mapplethorpe outcome are at play in virtually every instance of the obscenity determination."
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The Death Penalty Appeals Process, 2006.
An analysis of the US Court of Appeals process in death sentencing appeal cases.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the death penalty appeals process. The paper discusses the arguments that exist both for against and the long process that characterizes court appeal of a sentence of the death penalty.
Outline:
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Death Penalty Appeals Process
Summary
From the Paper
"The appeals process as related to the appeal of being sentenced to death is a long procedure which takes many years to transverse through. The inherent problem exists in that the government is responsible for feeding, housing, clothing and providing medical care for the individual who is on death row waiting out the appeals process however, that problem is much easier overcome than other problems associated with the death penalty itself. One of these problems is illustrated in the failure of courts to focus attention upon evidence at the time it presented itself but have instead taken the lives of innocent individuals not guilty of the crimes for which they were sentenced to die and then finally put to death."
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Business Ethics, 2007.
This paper explores business ethics in the context of the Enron scandal.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Enron scandal from a mainly financial standpoint and deals with what the Arthur Anderson accounting firm did wrong and the consequences that came from their accounting errors. The paper looks at the concept of business ethics that is still unclear to many companies and employees and shows how companies must learn from the mistakes of Enron and have a sound policy in place. The paper also examines the responsibility businesses have for society and the lack of Enron's social responsibility.
From the Paper
"Business ethics do not require understanding from a managerial standpoint only. Employees should be aware of what business ethics really mean, and what the ethical rules of their company are. Most employees would agree that it is wrong to steal money from the company they work for. However, those same employees would think nothing of taking home a pen they stuck in their shirt pocket, or a notepad they took with them when they went out to talk to a client. While small items such as pens and notepads may seem very insignificant, even small items are part of the ethical dilemmas that face companies today."
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"The Hot Zone", 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues raised in Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone."
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone," in which he recounts a story about a laboratory accident and its aftermath. The paper discusses the ethical issues that surround the laboratory incident, such as the need to inform the public. It goes on to describe possible connections that can be made to current events and the ethical dilemmas that may surround them.
From the Paper
"Concern about ethical treatment in medical matters had been increasing for some time after the revelation of the Tuskegee experiment in which the medical establishment and the government in the 1930s had treated a group of black men in the South for syphilis, giving some a placebo rather than actual treatment and never telling the subjects what they were doing. When details of this experiment surfaced in the 1970s, many first accepted the argument that the cure was as bad as the disease. It soon became clear that this experiment actually took advantage of people who were poor, black, uneducated, and trusting. Analysts have noted how genocide is evoked by the Tuskegee experiment, and some made reference to the Nazi experiments on human subjects during World War II, which had been condemned by the civilized world at the Nuremberg Trials. Other explanations have also been cited, notably with regard to racial differences, to explain how medical personnel could be part of such a breach of ethics."
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Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys, 2007.
This paper describes the Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys and its current relevance to the profession.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author argues that the Canons of Professional Ethics written for attorneys in the early 1900's are no longer relevant. The paper gives a brief historic background of the Canon's adoption, then highlights the major points of contention, showing point by point how the Canons no longer apply. The author further contends that the Canons often fail to embrace the realities of the legal profession, especially of defense attorneys who must often defend unpopular clients or even for attorneys who wish to solicit business. The writer describes the Canons as often vague, contradictory, and unenforceable.
From the Paper
"Many of the Canons could actually subvert the intention of attorneys to represent clients to their fullest extent. Consider the working Canon 28: "It is unprofessional for a lawyer to volunteer advice to bring a lawsuit, except in rare cases where ties of blood, relationship, or trust make it his duty to do so." (Hurld, 2004) Yes, this would forbid ambulance chasing or advertisements asking a parent of a sick child if medical malpractice might be the cause of their child's infirmity, the sort of attorney advertising and grandstanding non-lawyers enjoy pointing to, when these laypersons explain why they despise attorneys."
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'The Blue Hotel', 2006.
A review of 'The Blue Hotel' by Stephen Crane.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Stephen Crane's novel, 'The Blue Hotel'. According to the paper, 'The Blue Hotel' is a portrayal of cause and effect or consequences of one's actions. The paper discusses how the book is a vivid and clear example of humanity's unkindness to fellowmen or reluctance to stand for what is right or what is good.
From the Paper
"Yet, despite all the negative view about man one should not negate the duality or dualism - like the Yin and the Yang. In every existence, there is always the positive and the negative. Crane's pessimistic view of man can be likened to the Legalists of Old China's view wherein they look at humanity as basically evil but can be restructured to attain goodness. The way to rid man of evil is to show him the good ways. In contrast still in the Chinese philosophy, Confucianism is the opposite of Legalism for this philosophy believes that man is by nature good and only the external forces affecting him makes him evil. With all the dreary seen in the world, man still lives up to the term humanity since there is still a lot of goodness seen around - acts of charity, kindness and compassion abound - that there is really no wont in any of these but it just so happens that the controversy brought about by evil deeds becomes more apparent because of sensationalism and media hype."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
An examination of the debate concerning the ethics of stem cell research.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how stem cell research continues to be a controversial subject. It looks at how proponents note the variety of diseases that could be treated effectively by stem cell technology, from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's to spinal injuries to a variety of other diseases, many linked to heredity factors. It also discusses how opponents consider the use of embryonic stem cells unethical. Although the promise of embryonic stem cell technology is great, the question remains - is it worth the cost?
Outline
Introduction
Proponents
Opponents
The Hippocratic Oath and Stem Cell Research
An Alternative Acceptable to Everyone?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proponents must not only focus on the possible good of embryonic stem cell research, but must also address the question of moral status of the embryo. In so doing, it is noted that an embryo, at the stage of development for stem cell cultivation, has "no central nervous system, no brain, no capacity to suffer, they consist of a few hundred cells" ("No problems", 2006). Even when embryos are naturally conceived, there is a high natural rate of embryo failure, which makes the assertion that an embryo is a person even more difficult."
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RIAA - Internet Music Downloads, 2005.
A review of issues surrounding downloading music from the Internet.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at music downloads. The paper reviews how music is downloaded via the Internet, and various issues relating to music downloads. The paper also discusses whether this is illegal or not.
Outline:
Introduction
How Music is Downloaded from the Internet
The Threats of Music Downloading
Music Downloading : Why is it Illegal?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At first, it may seem that ease of downloading music from the Internet will produce nothing but positive impact to the consumers. They will be able to get and enjoy music for free. They will be able to share music to their friends without limits or boundaries. However, the fact remains that copying or downloading music from the internet is piracy. It is copying without proper consent from the real owners. It is copying and reproducing without notifying the people who have shed great efforts in producing such music. Thus, honor, credibility and integrity of the consumer is being wage. "
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'The Good German', 2006.
A review of 'The Good German' by Joseph Kanon.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Joseph Kanon's novel, 'The Good German'. According to the paper, the book portrays the historical and ethical dilemma represented by the Potsdam Conference where the future of Europe is being decided. The paper further discusses the ethical dilemma of the character, Gunther Behn, a decorated German soldier during the First World War and a police office during the Nazi regime. The paper reports that Behn's wife is Jewish.
From the Paper
"This is an extraordinary ethical dilemma, historically speaking and thus reflected through the novel, because, from a utilitarian point of view, the action of allying with the Soviets during the Second World War is just: choosing the lesser of the evils to defeat the greatest evil manifesting itself at that time, the evil one is fighting. On the other hand, given the later implications, the evil force that the Soviet Union came to represent, we are wondering whether or not it was the actual just decision to make."
"On a micro level, we have small, individually addressed ethical dilemmas, like the one Gunther Behn is having. It is interesting to point out towards this ethical dilemma because, in some ways, it seems as if such small, micro dilemmas, are tying in to the title of the book."
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Enron, 2006.
A review of Enron, the American dream turned nightmare.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the rise and fall of Enron. According to the paper, what was once an oil and gas exploration and pipeline development company quickly evolved into a derivatives trading company. The paper further discusses how Enron, once one of America's top companies, turned to bankruptcy and then became embroiled in scandal, the repercussions of which were felt across America.
Outline:
Executive Overview
Problem Statement
Recommendation
From the Paper
"The energy industry too was damaged by Enron's unethical business strategies. The energy segment was tainted, in the eyes of investors, following the release of the scandal. Despite rising energy prices, financing simply had disappeared. Organizations such as Aquila withdrew from the energy trading industry, as did El Paso Energy and UBS ("On the Side of Angels" 13). Loss of investor confidence, thanks to Enron, resulted in a significant market contraction that resulted in millions of dollars of losses for organizations. Loss of confidence in American corporations in general sent companies back to their books to double check their numbers. Corporate fraud was foremost on investors' minds. Companies such as MCI/WorldCom, Tyco and Adelphia restated their numbers in an effort to correct any errors and set off whole new chains of corporate scandal reactions."
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Stem Cell Research Proposal, 2005.
A research proposal regarding the future of stem cell research.
1,931 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This proposal outlines a plan to research the future of stem cell research. According to the paper, stem cell research is an extremely volatile topic worldwide due to the abilities it can potentially create for the medical field. The plan proposes to explore the history of stem cell research, the uses it currently offers, the controversy surrounding its use and what the future of the field seems to be.
Outline:
Summary
Introduction
The Problem
Objectives
Proposed Procedure
Library
Experts
Survey
Data Collection
Task Target
Budget
From the Paper
"Studies have been conducted for the purpose of identifying the most pressing ethical issues in the area of stem cell research. These studies have aimed their objective at helping to inform the issue of policy making by providing the ethical questions in research format. While these are important studies that have answered many of the more pressing questions the measurement of public feelings and support are what will ultimately drive the policy decisions regarding stem cell research. A recent Canadian study targeted a population of participants who were sent email messages asking them to provide their feelings and ideas about what the most pressing issues surrounding stem cell research are. "Responses were collated and categorized under broad topic areas. The topics were then reviewed by a panel of experts through teleconference discussions(Ogbogu, 2006)."
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Human Learning, 2006.
This paper discusses the individual, social and biological aspects of human learning and cognitive development.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most significant arguments in regard to cognitive development is "nature vs. nurture": Does genetics or external environment play a greater role in human learning? The author stresses that a person's cultural, religious and social background provides powerful stimuli, which drive the developing human to act in a certain manner, especially in issues of ethics. The paper presents the seven stages of analytical or reflective thinking created by Patricia M. King and Karen S. Kitchener to study the cognitive development of school-age children.
From the Paper
"Contemporary American society relies to a considerable extent on a system of formal education in order to inculcate in children those things society believes they must know and understand. A similar approach is employed in most other technologically advanced nations. While pre-industrial societies do not generally rely to the same extent on formal educational systems, all human cultures possess some idea of age-appropriate behavior and age-appropriate learning . In a hunter-gatherer society, for example, very young children will stay around the camp and perform simple tasks associated with family and the household."
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Medical Ethics, 2007.
A presentation of a medical case study involving an ethical dilemma and the options for action.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a woman who is in premature labor and whose husband is refusing to consent to a c-section. The paper presents the facts of the case and then discusses the ethical dilemmas and considerations that need to be taken into account. It concludes by discussing the possible options for action in this case.
Table of Contents:
Gather Relevant Information
Identify the Practical Problem
Ethical Issues and Questions
Ethical Principles
Analysis and Justification
Options for Action
Select Action
From the Paper
"4. Given the nature of the issues involved and the need for the informed consent of the patient and of her husband, if this can be achieved. A way to accomplish this is to bring in an outside Chinese speaker to translate for the woman, by-passing the husband, who might be telling her something different than the doctors are telling her or who might be mistranslating what she says so as to impose his point of view. The various ethical issues still pertain, but at least it is the woman who is making the decision for herself and not the husband. The custom in China may be different, but the actual right rests with the individual and not with a substitute unless the patient says so."
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The Oregon Death With Dignity Statute, 2007.
An analysis of social work policy, focusing on legal euthanasia.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Oregon Death with Dignity statute. The paper discusses who the statute is likely to affect, and who the players are that have a vested interest. The paper further examines the ethics involved in doctor-assisted suicides. The paper explores the role that medical insurance companies play in supporting the statute. The paper concludes that the power of the statue should be in the hands of the public, not the physicians.
From the Paper
"The short term effect of the statute is that federal resources previously used to care for the elderly and terminally ill will be freed up to be allocated toward other uses. Since the statute effects the population in question, the public will not take any action to change the mindset of these ill individuals. Rather, their "right-to-die" will be supported. The long term effect of the statute is that no physician will be charged with manslaughter for facilitating an assisted suicide, or prosecuted under drug laws. More importantly, doctors will once again be in control of making all of the health care decisions. Those that probably do not really want to die will assess their current situation, and assume that the government is most likely right in its reach."
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Rowley vs. Board of Education, 2006.
A review of the case of Amy Rowley vs. the Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson District, in 1982.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Education of the Handicapped Act of 1975, which clearly states that children with disabilities should be assisted with supplemental services in order to provide them with "free appropriate public education". The paper reviews the case of Amy Rowley, a first grade student of Furnace Woods School in Hendrick Hudson District in New York, who suffers from a hearing disability.
Outline:
Issue
District Court Ruling
Supreme Court Ruling
Analysis of the Case
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The decision of the Supreme Court gave rise to an ethical debate as people argued that to deny the handicapped child additional assistance indeed violated his or her basic rights as the citizens of the United States. This is because the child was denied this assistance only because it was felt that while the government was responsible for providing appropriate education to handicapped children, it was not legally binding to achieve or maintain 'perfect equality'. This shows a hidden prejudice against such children and it is clear that decision was based on more than mere performance of the child. Everybody knows that children with hearing disability are unable to grasp and comprehend some of the instructions by the teachers and therefore fail to perform up to their full potential. "
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HIV/AIDS Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses how health care professionals who encounter HIV/AIDS must rely on personal ethical principles.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper notes that caring for persons with HIV/AIDS has become a fundamental feature of all health care professions, due to the staggering rates of infection worldwide. The paper explains that becoming aware of the numerous nuances in ethical reasoning can help guide a health care professional's decisions in providing optimal care for patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The paper discusses how preserving patient confidentiality and minimizing medical paternalism have become keys to providing ethical treatment for all patients. Yet, the paper points out that health care workers may have to break the patient's confidentiality in order to preserve public health, one of the key responsibilities of the health care professional.
From the Paper
"Patient autonomy is a central issue in health care in general. Preserving patient confidentiality and minimizing medical paternalism have become keys to providing ethical treatment for all patients. Patients with HIV/AIDS deserve similar ethical treatment and are entitled by law and by hospital regulations to a reasonable assumption of both autonomy and confidentiality. Decisions regarding courses of treatment, for example, should be made by the patient except in extreme cases in which patient consciousness has been compromised. Similarly, patients with HIV/AIDS assume the preservation of confidentiality. Ethical dilemmas regarding confidentiality and patient autonomy can easily arise when health care professionals suspect that a patient with HIV/AIDS is not taking adequate precautions to prevent the transmission of the illness."
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Racial Profiling and Discrimination, 2006.
A discussion regarding racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how there is currently a considerable amount of debate and contention about the practice of profiling, particularly with regard to the legal and ethical implications. The paper also reviews the argument that in some cases profiling is necessary in terms of national security.
Outline:
Introduction
Profiling and Prejudice
The Results of Profiling and Discrimination
The Contemporary Problem of Profiling
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A factor that has already been alluded to is that the result of profiling not only increases racial prejudice and social dissention, but that it can also lead to the biased overrepresentation of ethnic groups within the criminal justice system. There are numerous studies that attest to the overrepresentation of Blacks and Hispanics in the criminal system. One report state that there were "...serious findings of systematic unequal treatment of African American and Hispanic Americans and other minorities, as compared to their similarly situated white counterparts within the criminal justice system. "( Dunnaville C. 2000) Another important aspect of the study was that these disparities were found to begin with the very first stages of the process; which included the investigation of the suspected criminals by law enforcement officers, which again suggests discrimination. ( Dunnaville C. 2000) These disparities were then continued throughout the legal and criminal system. These are serious allegations as it amounts to stating that overrepresentation is in the first instance closely linked to racial and ethnic bias. "
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Marriage Contract, 2006.
A discussion regarding today's attitudes towards marriage.
1,249 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at marriage. The paper discusses various opinions regarding marriage, and the acceptable norms of today as apposed to that of the past.
From the Paper
"All of these attitudes affect the day to day concerns of married couples. The most important issue that younger couples grapple is the financial aspects of the relationship. Living expenses as well as the expense of raising children has increased immensely over the last few generations and it is almost completely expected that the woman will work outside the home even after the couple decide to have children. Because of this expectation of a two-income relationship there is added pressure of having separate vehicles to facilitate the two jobs, childcare concerns, and educational pressures. Both men and women desire advanced educations to secure the most lucrative jobs. If the couple have not already attended college before they were married or before they had children this puts added pressure on the spouse that is not going to be attending school to carry the bulk of the financial load. With these complications in mind it is a valid concern as to whether a second income is actually worth the expense of the extra vehicle, extra education, and the extra money spent on childcare in order for both parents to work."
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Licensed Counselors and Substance Abuse, 2007.
This paper discusses the professionalism required of licensed counselors according to the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics.
3,962 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional requirements for substance abuse counselors, their responsibilities and the standards they must uphold. These guidelines are based on the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics, which is presented in the paper. The writer points out that substance abuse counseling is a serious and responsible task, and that the counselor must never attempt to misuse his position and take advantage of the situation in order to seek gains for himself. He must follow the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics with the utmost sincerity and caution.
From the Paper
"Counselors must also make sure that they utilize the profession of counseling, and also practice it in such a manner that dignity and respect for the human race is kept in mind at all times, and is therefore, promoted. It must be noted that the Code of Ethics starts with a small introductory passage, in which the issue of what counselors must do in order to maintain discipline and behavior in their profession is discussed. If further goes on to state that when counselors are faced with certain ethical dilemmas that they may find difficult to resolve at that particular time, then they must perforce engage in a "carefully considered decision making process", so that they may be able to find an appropriate solution to the problem at hand. Since it is a fact that everyone has different opinions about one topic, and that there may as many different opinions as here are counselors, there is no specific decision making model that can be deemed the best or the most effective; counselors, according to the American Counselors Association are therefore expected to familiarize themselves with a credible model of decision making that would be able to stand on its own while under public scrutiny. (ACA Code of Ethics: The ACA Governing Council)"
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