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Science and Ethics, 2007.
An examination of the fine line between scientific advancement and the methods used to get there.
2,455 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the power of science to do good and to do harm. Several examples are used to illustrate this often blurred line. The author points to Mary Shelly's "Frankenstein" and how it dealt with science, nature and morality. The controversy surrounding its connection to the Nobel Peace Prize is also evaluated. The paper also describes some practices from previous centuries to acquire bodies in order to do anatomical research. The paper concludes that the debate regarding medical ethics will continue, although today it is becoming less blurred because of standards that are being developed in this field.
From the Paper
"There are many examples of scientific and technologic discoveries, not limited to medicine, that have blurred this boundary, like dynamite, an invention intended by its creator, Alfred Nobel to help not hurt, but rather was frequently utilized to destroy and as a tool of war. "He received the tribute of scientists and educators but the ignorant people regarded him with a mixture of awe and fear--'he had put the long hammer of Thor to work again among the giants.'" (Marble 6) Nobel is best known for the award named for him The Nobel Peace Prize, a distinction and a foundation said to be founded, by Nobel in the name of Nobel's concern for scientists to create without censure but for peaceful means and the betterment of society. (Marble 4-6) The blurred line between the power of science to do good and to do harm is a universal of literature and life, and was especially important during great periods of human growth, such as the naturalist movement, and the industrial revolution, taking place during the Shelley's lifetime and frequently discussed by the literary and scientific set, "The circumstance on which my story rests was suggested in casual conversation." (Shelley 5) Shelly goes on to discuss a rumor of the ability of Darwin to reanimate a vermicelli, that he had kept under glass, as the source of the literary conversation about the ability of science and humans to discover the spark of life and then reapply it to previously dead beings, including human bodies. Through her apologetic prologue and later in her introduction Shelley speaks of the logical fear of such an occurrence, though recognized as unlikely, as a common place fear among people both in an outside the scientific community. (Shelley 10)"
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Plato and Imperialism, 2007.
A discussion of how Plato may have viewed the events of World War II based on his writings.
5,907 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the events of World War II in light of Plato's philosophical and ethical works. In particular, the author considers the incidence of imperialism during the conflict and how Plato might have viewed this. The paper first explores Plato's philosophical outlook and that of other philosophers who influenced him and then highlights and analyzes Plato's works "The Republic" and "The Allegory of the Cave." The philosophies of different scholars from different time periods are also analyzed in terms of Plato's outlooks. Additionally, the paper examines Plato's theory of forms and shows its link with Socrates. The paper concludes with an overview of three modern philosophers which include Emanuel Wallerstein, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Eli Wiesel.
From the Paper
"Plato deals with ethics in many of his writings. In particular, his informative dialogues about 'The Republic' and 'The Allegory of the Cave' deal with ethics in a rather abstract sense. Both of these writings will be mentioned here, and used to explain how Plato sees human ethics and behaviors. However, much of what Plato worked with and where his philosophy came from involved three other philosophers - Pythagorus, Heraclitus, and Parmenides. These three individuals will be addressed here, and after they have been discussed Plato's philosophy will be addressed in order to show how the work that they did was taken up by Plato and used in the philosophy that he discussed."
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Gestational Surrogacy, 2007.
This paper discusses different kinds of surrogacy and argues that gestational surrogacy is not the best type.
1,653 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents the types of surrogacy and then develops the arguments which emphasize that gestational surrogacy is not the best type. Next, the writer presents a solution for replacing commercial surrogacy, followed by a brief presentation of non-commercial surrogacy. Further, reasons for which the writer considers non-commercial surrogacy to be better than gestational surrogacy are presented. The end of the paper presents a brief conclusion of all the arguments which have been stated. The writer maintains that gestational surrogacy should be replaced in all cases by non-commercial surrogacy, a practice that would allow a closer relationship between the parents and the surrogate mother and would be able to develop under the jurisdiction of several law stipulations.
From the Paper
"Even though in the recent years it seems that the authorities in many parts of the world have understood the reasons for which people choose this practice and, in addition, they attempted to offer support through law and several facilities - for example, in the state of Virginia the law is especially suitable for facilitating surrogate arrangements, and independent legal advice on this issue can be provided to appropriate couples through our consultant network -, there are still many reasons for which gestational surrogacy is still not an overall accepted practice. Among these reasons there might be encountered the ethnical issues it might create, the lack of proper legislation regarding the norm and cultural problems as well. Even though, the practice cannot be totally forbidden, because in this way many couples would be left without the chance of having their own children."
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International Sweatshops, 2007.
An examination of the ethical aspects of international sweatshops.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the issue of international sweatshops, particularly in China. It will also look at how to control or eliminate these sweatshops. The paper mentions some of the companies that use sweatshops and the actual conditions in which the employees must work. Also examined are the critics of the sweatshops and the attention they bring to the issue and the reforms they are attempting to institute. The author also considers the problems associated with establishing standards in the sweatshops, especially regarding wages and working conditions. The author concludes with suggestions for developing these standards.
From the Paper
"In China, the government suppresses any union activity, thereby ensuring these companies of workers who will make no demands of their employers (Maitland, DATE, p. 584). These companies are not only supporting poor working conditions for their workers and families, they are contributing to the economy of a government that suppresses and represses its people. However, Chinese workers are not the only workers who have to endure terrible conditions. Authors Arnold and Bowie continue about shops in El Salvador, "In the majority of companies, it is an obligation of the personnel to work overtime under the threat of firing or some other kind of reprisal" (Arnold and Bowie, DATE, 597). In Mexico, a 26-year-old worker notes, "I start out the shift okay, but after about three hours of work, I feel a lot of sharp pains in my fingers. It gets so bad that I can't hold the steering wheel correctly. But still the supervisors keep pressuring me to reach 100 percent of my production" (Arnold and Bowie, DATE, p. 597). Thus, workers face conditions that few American workers would stand for, but they have no rights and no recourse to change the situation."
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Globalization, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of globalization on corporate responsibility.
2,459 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues relating to corporate responsibility in a global marketplace. It discusses companies' economic and marketing roles in terms of satisfying stakeholders' investments. It discusses whether they also have an ethical obligation to the people whom they employ to produce products and to the communities in which they operate. It then discusses the government's role in regulating commerce to ensure that the rights of people and the environment are sustained. Finally, the paper analyzes what economic strategies can be used to sustain developing countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis
Literature Review
Literature Review
Literature Review
Governments Play In Regulating Commerce
Economic Strategies To Sustain Developing Countries
From the Paper
"The United States should be showing leadership by establishing peaceful and productive economic policies regarding the globalization of the world's economy and the assurance of human rights; the U.S. should be providing sound economic R&D assistance to developing nations in Africa and South America, and elsewhere. Rather than the current Bush Administration policy of spending billions weekly on a futile war in Iraq - which is alienating Americans from millions of Muslims around the world - billions should be spend in supporting Third World countries' transition out of obscurity and poverty and into the global marketplace, where they can prosper and provide education for their children. And rather than violating human rights by means of torture in Iraqi prisons, and by spiriting suspected Islamic terrorists off to hidden torture camps, the Bush Administration should be showing the way towards respect for all humans and solid economic development for the rest of the world to follow."
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Corporate Social Responsibility, 2007.
This paper examines the moral and ethical obligations faced by companies to make contributions to charitable organizations.
1,496 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper explores whether successful corporations have a moral and ethical duty to make charitable contributions. The paper offers three reasons why honoring such obligations is both necessary and even beneficial for the company. The paper brings the argument that corporate social responsibility detracts from the wealth of companies and so shareholders are disadvantaged as a result. The paper explores the ongoing debate and is of the opinion that it is in the long-term interest of both companies, shareholders and stakeholders to honor corporate social responsibility.
From the Paper
"In determining the moral duties and obligations of a successful business establishment, it is important to first define the concept of morality, both as it is understood in society and how it is understood in dictionary terms. Morals for example refer to standards of conduct in terms of society as a whole. These standards relate very much to the social concept of the good/bad dichotomy at any given moment in history. Hence, the concept of good, moral conduct today is the product of centuries of moral human evolution. In addition to social standards, good, moral conduct may also be driven by the demands of the individual's conscience and the individual sense of right or wrong. In short, moral principles are based upon the inner, psychological sense of obligation, right or wrong, and standard of conduct in terms of best benefiting both the individual and the social circle within which the individual lives."
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Business Ethics and Christianity, 2007.
An analysis of the claim that religious beliefs play a role in the business world.
1,268 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how an essential aspect of conducting a business is business ethics and how business ethics is of paramount concern particularly as it relates to Christian business owners. It concludes that theology, spirituality, and religious beliefs play an important role in the development and implementation of business practices that are ethical and moral.
Outline:
Introduction
Business Ethics
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Also the Catholic Social teachings present the two principles of a call to family, community and participation and rights and responsibilities associated with human dignity (Themes of Catholic Social Teaching). The first principle asserts that people have a right and a responsibility to contribute to society, pursuing the common good and well-being of all, particularly those that are poor and vulnerable (Themes of Catholic Social Teaching). As it pertains to Christian business, this principle should influence business owners to encourage employees to get involved in the community. For their part Christian businesses could offer a certain amount of paid leave so that employees can volunteer. "
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Corporate Scandals, 2007.
The paper attempts to find a practical solution to modern corporate rights abuses.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the problem with solving current corporate governance and the severe rights abuses that have led to countless victims, is that it is extremely hard to pinpoint who is responsible. The paper relates that each corporation harbors hundreds, thousands and even hundreds of thousands of employees, managers and executives. The paper shows how neither the government or social movements can change the long-term culture of corporations by themselves. The paper contends that the only way to hold a corporation responsible is to impact and change the mentalities of each and every individual working within the corporate domain.
From the Paper
"When discussing the issue of corporate restrictions, most turn their heads to the government for guidance. Most people believe that only at the federal and Supreme Court level, can true policy reform affect corporations and change their entire perspective on rights abuses. The problem however, is that the federal government is highly ineffective in restricting corporations and checking their rights abuses. Federal laws, and Supreme Court rulings take years to formulate, and they only formulate as a result of reactive measures. In other words, the highest levels of the American government will only act, after an infringement by corporations occurs. An apt example comes in the case of the Enron and WorldCom scandal."
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Providing Healthcare in China, 2007.
An analysis of Proactive Medicare Enterprise (HK) Limited's opportunities for providing healthcare in mainland China.
1,736 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to show the realities of healthcare growth opportunities for the partnership between Proactive Medicare Enterprise (HK) Limited and Johns Hopkins International. The paper pays attention to the ethical dilemma of operating a business that could easily become influenced by the One Child Policy and sex selection practices that China has become globally known for. The paper maintains that the future is far less rosy than what the members of the consortia of companies see. The paper contends that it is full of risks and the group of companies must focus on being in compliance with, yet also free of the potentially constricting nature of Chinese healthcare policies.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Market Dynamics in China
SWOT Analysis
Summary and Recommendations
From the Paper
"For Proactive Medicare Enterprise (HK) Limited, the opportunities at first glance appear unlimited and very promising as their initial success both from a partnership standpoint with Johns Hopkins International and from an execution of initial strategy in Shanghai. Taken at face value the case study implies the need for analysis of two emerging growth opportunities, both initially financially and strategically attractive, and little if any downside to the two expansion strategies. What is in fact missing is a more realistic assessment of healthcare throughout China which is one of the most impoverished and under-funded in the world."
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Leadership in Professional Counseling, 2006.
A Look at the history of what is required in professional counseling.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses leadership in professional counseling. The paper focuses on the regulations of the Pennsylvania Counseling Association. The paper goes on to discuss the current issues facing professional counselors.
Outline:
A Look at the History of what is Required in Professional Counseling.
The Chi Sigma Iota (CSI) Offers its Philosophy of Leadership and Principals of Leadership Excellence.
Current Issues Facing Emerging Leaders.
From the Paper
"The second issue is medical insurance reimbursement: According to the Minnesota Board of Behavioral Health and Therapy, there has been a great deal of "anger and frustration" and confusion over whether or not licensed professional counselors will be (or are now) able to be recognized as eligible for medical assistance (MA) reimbursement. This is a problem that is not unique to Minnesota, but in fact boards across the country are dealing with MA reimbursement issues. In the case of the Minnesota board, rumors have been circulating that insurance companies are not credentialing professional counselors; but the truth is, most insurance companies will indeed issue credentials to those professionals recognized as Mental Health Professionals under applicable state and federal laws. It may mean extra effort on the part of the individual to prove he or she has the required number of hours of supervised practice, and to access other appropriate documents, but if that is what will be necessary, then that is the bottom line; bureaucratic paperwork and red tape is part of a professional's life. "
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Counseling and Ethics, 2006.
A review of the role that ethics plays in counseling.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of ethics in counseling. The paper reports that in order to facilitate ethical counseling, the American Mental Health Counselor Association provides a guideline as to how counselors work with their clients. The paper explains that this guideline takes into consideration that the client is experiencing difficulties in his life, is extremely vulnerable and often follows the suggestions given by a professional counselor.
From the Paper
"This guide identifies five moral principles and, like the AMHCA, spells out guidelines and philosophical attitudes that counselors are encouraged to adhere to as they approach the counseling relationship, such as autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice and fidelity. They recognize that different professionals may implement different courses of action in the same situation, and therefore admit that there is no simple answer to complex problems, but that honesty, along with keeping the best interests of the client at heart with no thought for gain or personal motives should guide the counselor's actions (Forester-Miller and Davis, p. 2-3)."
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Ethics, 2006.
A discussion regarding ethics in the world of business and commerce.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the issue of ethics in the business world. According to the paper, business ethics is about rules and principles that are encountered in a business setting and in the duties or obligations that apply to people who are working in this field. The paper then goes on to discuss how ethics can be both a normative and a descriptive discipline.
From the Paper
"Corporations' sense of duty and responsibility is closely connected with concern for financial growth. According to this belief, firms seek to maximize their profits by investing in a healthy environment and other public good projects. The firms that have successfully attained the prestigious image of being socially responsible follow this ideology. These firms choose to be more socially conscious not because of any real intention of creating a healthier society but because their actions seem to influence buyer behavior in a positive manner. Companies are thus rapidly developing serious CSR policies with exclusive departments dealing with this. New and better corporate mission statements have emerged that incorporate ethical code of conduct. By the end of 2003, more than 2000 firms had presented their CSR reports. "
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Teaching Virtue, 2007.
A discussion of several philosopher's teachings on virtue, including Socrates and Jesus.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
By consulting the works of Socrates and other philosophers, this paper examines whether virtue is something that can be taught. This question is examined, in particular, through a discussion between Socrates and Menon. The paper cites various quotes and paraphrases concepts to further illustrate the concept of virtue. The paper also examines beliefs of other experts who think virtue, and the ability to differentiate between good and evil, can be learned within the structure of a family or school environment. The paper then considers virtue from a Christian perspective, citing the example of Jesus.
From the Paper
"He continues by stating that virtue entails many qualities that enhance lives for good, and can also influence other individual's lives and of those whom we come in contact with. Learned virtue can encompass many thoughts and ideas, including those such as patience, humility, courage, justice, charity, etc. Many experts agree with Socrates that virtue is a quality of both inherited and environmental atmosphere. "
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Morality in America, 2007.
A discussion of universal morality and whether it can be applied to today's culture in America.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether there is a universal morality that knows no race, no geographical boundaries, no time and no particular religion. It then discusses whether this ideal of universal morality can be applied to the United States today. The paper looks briefly at American culture and discusses the values that are evident and if its negative cultural values can be improved.
From the Paper
"The "universal morality" is based on the virtues of-truthfulness, honesty, duty, responsibility, unselfishness, loyalty, honor, compassion and courage. Americans in the past built moral values into our society, in the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. And the passing along these values to consecutive generations has been a reflection, however imperfect, of this universal morality. All of our great men in our early history, all of our heroes, have been exemples of some, if not all, of these virtues. The values they found taught in the Bible and other great philosophical works backed up their goal--to build a just and equitable society."
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Shared Wireless Access, 2007.
This paper examines the security concerns wireless local area networks pose.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Wireless-Fidelity (WI-FI) network, a term for a high-frequency wireless local area network. The paper explains its advantages of allowing home and office users to create wireless local networks, which connect two or more computers to each other with a faster Internet line. The paper discusses, however, how these advantages come at a cost, most notably the difficult of preventing unwanted, shared wireless access. The paper explains the difficulties involved in securing wireless networks.
From the Paper
"Wi-Fi networks are challenged by issues related to performance, interference and immature standards. However, security is by far the largest issue for users to consider. In a cabled network environment, a person must obtain physical access to a network outlet to gain access to the network. Access to the wireless network, on the other hand, is available within the operating area of the wireless base station which may be up to several hundred feet. Thus, the possibility of unauthorized access is a serious problem because anyone with a wireless data interface can gain access to the shared network."
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Glaxo's Dilemma, 2007.
This paper looks at the ethical dilemma faced by the GlaxoSmithKline company regarding AIDS drugs in Africa.
716 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how corporations have a responsibility to their shareholders and employees to earn a profit and remain solvent. Yet, pharmaceutical companies can save lives if innovative drugs are made affordable and accessible to populations in dire medical need. The paper describes the AIDS crisis in impoverished regions of Africa that highlights this ethical bind for GlaxoSmithKline. The paper discusses how GlaxoSmithKline has attempted to block access to less-costly generic versions of its top-selling AIDS medicine.
From the Paper
"In sub-Saharan Africa 25 million people are infected with HIV. Glaxo has offered to sell its anti-retroviral drug Combivir to Senegal and Uganda for $2 a day, which is much less than the drug sells for in the U.S. But the company "admits that this price is still well above what most Kenyans can afford and it will benefit at most 20,000 HIV positive people out of an estimated 2.1 million" ("Glaxo: Cheap AIDS Drugs are not enough," 2001, BBC). The Indian company, Cipla Ltd. of Bombay, has an even lower-cost drug which it can and has made available to afflicted Africans, but Glaxo believes that this is in violation of World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations regarding its patent on the drug's chemical components, highlighting the difficulties of determining trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) that transcend borders regarding drug patents."
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Disease, Death and Dying, 2007.
This paper examines the subject of disease and death.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of disease and death. Specifically, the paper discusses the grieving process in patients and loved ones in addition to the stresses of dealing with dying patients in the clinical setting. The writer notes that even though death is inevitable, it is still one of the most feared and misunderstood aspects of our culture and society. The writer points out that grieving is a natural result of death, but it is also misunderstood and even frowned upon in some cultures. The writer maintains that there are many different aspects of the grieving process, and it is imperative that healthcare professionals understand the stresses, reactions and grief so they can care for and understand terminally ill patients and their families. Further, the writer notes that a healthcare professional that does not understand or empathize with patients and family cannot give the full measure of care needed in such situations.
From the Paper
"The right to die has become a major issue in the discussion of death and dying. Many patients no longer wish to remain alive if they are kept alive through exceptional measures, such as being hooked up to respirators or other machines. The Living Will is one way to ensure this does not happen, as the patient requests to be removed from life-support systems. The Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order is similar, in that it asks healthcare personnel not to resuscitate the victim in the case of illness or accident. Right to die advocates believe that they have the right to die with dignity, and the right to choose when and where they die. Euthanasia is the act of putting that right to die belief into effect. Euthanasia is often called suicide, or physician-assisted suicide, and it is the most controversial of these many ways of dealing with death. Many terminally ill patients believe they have the right to die when they choose, rather than be kept alive when there is no hope for cure or survival. They want to die with at least some of their dignity intact. Today, only Oregon has right-to-die legislation, and it has failed to pass in numerous other states. This practice will continue to be controversial in the future, and it seems to be something each patient must decide for themselves."
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Technology and Ethical Guidelines, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of technology to define ethical guidelines.
1,295 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the use of technologies to set and manage ethical standards is accelerating in companies globally, mainly as a result of the burgeoning growth of all forms of Internet communication including e-mail, voice mail, instant messaging, blogging and web surfing. Further, the writer notes that the use of technologies is having a direct impact on the cultures of companies today, with many cultures becoming much more transparent as a result. The writer maintains that many of the companies using technologies to monitor and, at times, enforce ethical standards and guidelines find that the span of control needs to be a flexible one.
From the Paper
"The foundational elements of AUP programs however must first be defined from the core mission statement and values of a company. Often the rapid growth of technologies for communicating with the outside world force companies to define their core mission statements to make them more aligned with the rapidity and scope of changes occurring in their external environments. A prime example of this would be a manufacturing company changing from a mission statement of being the leader in a specific region of the U.S. to being a global leader. This shift in mission statement has an immediate and significant impact on the definition of an AUP and the technologies used to measure, monitor, and modify direction based on the needs of customers and the alignment of internal resources to respond to them."
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Scientific Innovation and Ethics, 2007.
Discussion of the fine line between scientific research and ethics.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores controversial scientific research and the ethical questions it often raises. The paper itself is a brief discussion of the moral considerations some feel are raised by computer-assisted research. The author proposes that controversial research should not be stopped, but rather supervised by an expert, especially when the research has the capability of improving life. The author concludes, however, that finding an expert supervisor, whose opinions would be respected by opposing sides, would be the ultimate challenge.
From the Paper
" An even better question would be why stop this research in the first place? One of the reasons why curtailing this type of research should be done would be if it was against the law, short-sighted that said law would be, or not. In an effort to stop ongoing research in this field of study from getting to "out of hand", laws banning this type of research may be created and then implemented. The result(s) of such a law, or laws, would be to force the doctor(s) conducting the research to go overseas to conduct the research where such laws would not be in effect."
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