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The Complexities of the Family Unit, 2008.
A look at the changes in family structure seen in American society today.
759 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the changing nature of the American family. Specifically, the paper looks at the complexities of cohabitation, divorce and step-families with an eye towards outlining what precipitates the first two and what dangers accompany the latter. In the final analysis, it is fairly evident that the American family now encompasses a wider range of arrangements than ever before - and this presents both opportunities for people who might not be happy in a traditional family structure, as well as dangers that were far less common when the nuclear family was the predominant social unit.
From the Paper
"Examining the available evidence collected by Eshleman, it seems clear that different cultures have different ideals vis-a-vis non-traditional relationships among adults. To wit, Puerto Ricans tend to be much more accepting of non-marital cohabitations while Mexican Americans cleave faithfully to the marriage ideal (Eshleman, 2000, p.288). Suffice it to say, if a society is not receptive to non-marital cohabitation, this can place great pressures upon the couple - and can create an uncomfortable situation for any children they may have. Be that as it may, Eshleman (2000) points out on page 151 of his text that non-marital cohabitation is becoming increasingly accepted in the western world and may emerge as a permanent, legitimate alternative to traditional marriage. Certainly, cohabitation seems to offer practical financial benefits, sexual benefits, and a measure of privacy that few other arrangements can match. Additionally, cohabitating couples are much more likely to keep their finances separate (this can be considered a practical financial benefit), are more likely to express low levels of commitment to the relationship, and tend to break up more readily (Eshleman, 2000, p.152 and 155). Clearly, if children are involved, there is a distinct possibility they will find themselves in a one-parent home at some point simply because the parental imperative to stay together is not nearly so strong."
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Suicide: The Social Context, 2008.
This paper explores how suicide is viewed in the context of cultural boundary transgressions.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how suicide is imagined to be a transgression of cultural boundaries and the sanctity of life. The paper then questions if there can be a suicide that does not transgress cultural boundaries. The paper also considers how suicide is situated within the cultural definitions and constructions of death that dominate various cultural settings. The paper reviews the relevant literature and concludes that a suicide must always be a transgression of cultural boundaries since it has only as much cultural importance as is granted to the act by the norms and prescriptions of the larger social context.
From the Paper
"Suicide speaks to the nature of our cultural boundaries and our implicitly agreed upon notions of death and dying. Implicitly, there seems to be a common thread that runs through diverse cultures condemning the practice of suicide. When openly discussed, few non-reflexive cultural texts consider suicide to be a laudable act. There are, of course, exceptions. Kelleher provides Biblical examples of military suicides that are presented in a positive light after the shame of defeat, and all but praises the use of suicide--via hunger strikes--for political purposes (Kelleher 9-11). But outside of fairly narrow exceptions, suicide is imagined to be a transgression of cultural boundaries and the sanctity of life."
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Children and Divorce, 2008.
This paper classifies the various children's age groups and their emotional dispositions in relation to marital divorce.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at preschool years (3/5), elementary school years (6-11) and early-late adolescent years (11-18 years) and their different reactions and emotive responses to marital divorce in modern society. The paper shows how younger children do not often conceptualize the problem of marriage and often blame themselves. The paper then explains how elementary school children and adolescents become more reliant on peer groups and social institutions outside of the family, which provides a deeper understanding of the divorce.
From the Paper
"The early and late adolescent period is often part of the successive ways in which youth become able to completely and objectively interpret the divorce. The reliance on internal thinking has now become less abstracted, and the divorce can be seen with greater clarity. For the youth, the greater social networks through peer relationships has widened, marking a change in how the divorce is perceived. Often, the more independent nature of the youth's perspective can create more discourse about the divorce, which changes the way that parents must communicate with their children. Modern research studies often describe this form of 'individuation' that arises through the adolescent's ability to find other sources of social interaction other than the family unit."
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The Family in the People's Republic of China, 2008.
An analysis of the changes that occurred to the family unit with from the Communist Revolution in 1949 through much of the 20th century.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the changes that occurred to the traditional Chinese extended family with the Communist Revolution of 1949 that produced the People's Republic of China (PRC). It suggests that the sense of ongoing reliance on the family in the PRC offers to millions of citizens fewer social benefits or overall security than what they were used to in the past. It specifically discusses the changes induced through much of the 20th century in World War II, the Revolution and forced collectivization, political coercion, the Cultural Revolution and the death of Mao.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Family Size and Structure
Personal Orientations
Predictions
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"Understanding change in the Chinese family in the Reform Era involves examining changes induced through much of the preceding 20th century in adjustments to World War II, the Revolution, and forced collectivization, political coercion, the Cultural Revolution and the death of Mao. Reform's shift towards capitalist development has evoked tremendous institutional changes in a PRC where much else remains the same, as in the urban-rural divide mentioned earlier that is said to be accentuated by rapid economic growth now afoot. Between the lines one sees a very large sector quite harshly affected and for whom the family will be the needed mooring in an unpredictable economic environment. One also sees that the family may change but does not dissolve, adapting to present circumstances that are legal and cultural as much as economic towards an altered Chinese family that remains just as important than before and certainly more than the individualism associated with capitalist development, elsewhere."
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Gay Adoption, 2008.
This paper argues against the myth that gay adoptions are dangerous to children.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the opponents of rights for gays and lesbians claim that gays and lesbians are not merely unsuitable as potential adoptive parents but also entirely immoral. The author underscores that, overwhelmingly, the opposition to adoption by gays and lesbians is based on religious arguments. The paper relates that, although opponents of homosexual adoption have long tried to make a case that a child raised by a homosexual couple is at greater risk than a child raised by "straight" parents, serious research to support this is virtually non-existent. The author stresses that there is overwhelming scientific support, from such authorities as the American Psychological Association and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, that gays are entirely suitable as adoptive parents.
From the Paper
"Despite these studies, there are bitter opponents of gay adoption, and it is notable that a tiny group of people remain dedicated to the idea that there is a "scientific" basis for opposition to gay adoption. One of the most credentialed opponents of gay adoption is Lynn Wardle, a professor of law at the Brigham Young University Law School. Wardle has been most vocal in custody disputes, in which he contends if a biological parent is found to be gay, this creates a rebuttable presumption that the parent is unfit and should therefore by denied custody."
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The Head Start Program, 2008.
An analysis of the legislation and social effectiveness of the Head Start Program of 1965.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques the 40-year-old Head Start Program that is attributed to President Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty" of 1965. It discusses the legislation of the program and analyzes its effectiveness. The paper discusses whether the program is still managing to combat the widespread child poverty that still exists today in the United States.
From the Paper
"Koball Et Al explained that 7.2 million American children in low-income families had parents without high school diplomas, 10.2 million had parents with high school education only, and another 10.2 children in low income households had parents with some or considerable college education. (2006) One wonders if Education is the panacea argued. Reading between the lines, Head Start has brought untold help to under-privileged children and their families across the United States and in states such as California inspiring remarkable local level projects. Since 1965, Head Start has become institutionalized as a familiar adjunct in under-privileged areas, urban and rural, that reflects change in how children at risk are identified. However, since the creation of the federal agenda of 1965, immense numbers of children and families continue to need support and attention in detailed programs addressing teen mothers, adult illiteracy, the detection of learning disabilities; inadequate basic needs in working homes, and new need for services for Hispanic or other non-English first language groups. Some states show a focus on home visit or outreach services to children and adults in environments perhaps more trying, in different ways than during the 1930s Global Depression."
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Sibling Rivalry, 2008.
This paper explores the phenomenon of sibling rivalry and the importance of parental intervention.
2,036 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines several studies on sibling rivalry and focuses on the findings of a research questionnaire. The paper explains how this research indicates that children whose parents emphasize the development of social cognitive skills, such as empathy, responsibility and caring, are more likely to produce children disinclined to fight with their siblings. The paper shows how parental guidance is vital in order to ensure sibling rivalries do not grow into something dark and pathological.
Outline:
Abstract
Prevention/Intervention Strategies: A Review of the Literature
Population Studied
Prevention/Intervention Proposed
Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many studies have emerged in recent years that shed welcome light upon the dynamics of sibling relationships. To begin with, there has been a strong body of research indicating that advanced social cognition skills able to appreciate the reasons for the other party's incompetencies and/or peculiarities are critical if siblings are to form strong relationships between one another (Hudson, Forman & Brion-Meisels, 1982; Castle & Richards, 1979). Unfortunately, children take time to develop empathetic social cognition skills (Shantz, 1983) and it is not inconceivable that permanent injury in the relationship between two siblings can be created if too much hostility and resentment is produced in the formative years of life."
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The Family Life Cycle, 2008.
This paper discusses the life cycle of a family, with reference to Ross J. Eshleman's textbook, "The Family".
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the family life cycle as discussed in a textbook penned by Ross J. Eshleman titled "The Family". The paper first reviews the birth of a child into a family unit, the socializing processes that occur and the transition to adolescence. From there, the paper looks at the socializing factors that shape young adults and then some time is devoted to looking at middle-aged parents and the final years of life.
From the Paper
"The life cycle of a family is quite intriguing. We are all born, experience the helplessness of infancy, the possibilities of childhood, the rebelliousness of adolescence, the burgeoning responsibilities of young adulthood, become parents of our own (in most instances) and then, after having reared and socialized our children, come to rely upon them in old age. To begin this paper, there are many theories for the socialization process. For instance, there are conditioning theories or behavioral theories that emphasize stimulus/response interactions."
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Driving Licenses: Raising the Age, 2008.
An argument against raising the legal age for obtaining a driver's license in Illinois.
722 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The writer argues that there are sufficient existing rules and regulations involving obtaining a driver's license in Illinois. The writer argues further, that raising the legal age would only cause more difficulty for an age group that is, everyday, being tasked with more community responsibilities in terms of work, education and extra-curricular activities.
From the Paper
"There is currently a debate occurring in Illinois and several other states regarding the legal age for obtaining a fully privileged driver's license. The targeted ages are shifting the current minimum age for obtaining a legal driver's license from 16 to 18 years of age following a series of mandated courses, tests, and experience behind the wheel. Some of the primary arguments for doing so revolve around driver and public safety while the arguments for keeping the legal age at its current 16 years of age center on drivers' rights and the increasing demands within society placed upon teenagers."
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Therapy for Drug-Abusing Women and their Infants, 2008.
An analysis of possible therapy programs for mothers who abuse drugs and their children.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of a mother's drug use on infants. It looks at the long-term health effects for the children who are born to mothers abusing drugs. The paper then focuses on possible forms of therapy for the women and the children and discusses the ability to prevent the later drug abuse of the children of drug abusing mothers.
From the Paper
"A primary focus has been placed on preventing drug abuse in the children of drug abusers, though prevention is a relatively new field. Therapists watch for some of the precursors of drug abuse, such as depression, antisocial personality, aggression, and conduct disorders. There are similarities between prevention and treatment, but there are also numerous differences. When children show evidence of depression or aggression or other precursors of later drug use, they are treated for these psychological disorders and not for drug use as such. Treatment services offered to the children of drug abusers will provide selective prevention services, while indicated prevention services are offered only to children who show precursors for drug abuse, using such interventions as individual counseling, play therapy, family therapy, behavior modification, or academic tutoring programs (Kumpfer, 1998, p. 420)."
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The Effects on Children of Domestic Violence, 2008.
A research proposal analyzing the effects of family domestic violence on children.
1,879 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a research study of adults who were child witnesses to domestic violence. The paper provides a brief literature review of the background of the effect of domestic violence upon children and explores and outlines the methodologies of the research study. The paper also reviews the ethical concerns of dealing with human subjects and the limitations of the proposed research survey.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Effects of Family Domestic Violence on Children
Introduction / Literature Review
Methods
Ethics Statement
Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"The problem of domestic violence is multi-faceted. The literature review of the subject clearly demonstrates that there is no one cause and no single solution to the problem. The approach of removing the child witnesses of domestic violence and placing then in non-violent environments may not always be practical or helpful. The estimates of upwards of 10 million children annually whom are witnesses to domestic violence would create a strain of unimagined proportions upon the foster care programs across the country. The purpose of the study is to examine on possible solution to ending the generational cycle of domestic violence and reserving this solution to the most severe cases. It is unfortunately anticipated that this one measure will not be the cure-all of what is a national tragedy."
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Family Drug Use, 2008.
An examination of family dysfunction and drug abuse among young people.
2,617 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the scholarly literature as it pertains to family dysfunction and to the susceptibility of adolescents to drug abuse. Additionally, the paper provides a brief proposal of a qualitative research design the author has employed as a means of investigating how family dynamics shape the drug use tendencies of young people. The paper also looks at how parental drug abuse creates a greater predilection for drug abuse in young people.
Outline:
Literature Review of Studies Conducted On the Relationship between Family Dysfunction and Drug Abuse Among Young People
Proposed Study
Contributions, Benefits of the Study
From the Paper
"Soroor Parvizy et al (2005) employed an interview of 41 individuals using a content analysis. The data collection process was a series of semi-structured interviews but, while detail is provided with regards to the themes identified, no information was given with regards to whether or not the interviewees were randomly selected or not; on the surface, it would appear to be non-experimental. In any case, the major findings of the study are certainly interesting. According to Parvizy et al (2005), various factors - peer factors, low self-esteem or a feeling of general helplessness - all played a role in the decision to embark on the path to addiction. However, one significant factor also was that those who resorted to this behavior also had parents who were disinterested in the lives of their children and made no effort to correct behavior when they saw their children ingesting drugs. "
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Child Custody, Women and the Law, 2008.
This paper explores the issues of child custody, the principles of best interests of the child and of the primary caregiver and how women's rights are viewed in terms of international law.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that issues of custody, childcare, social responsibility, as well as the structuring of the family and economic relationships all have to be addressed within one context. The paper then argues that the legal and judicial system, both at the local and international level, regularly fails to acknowledge the context and uses approaches based on misguided assumptions. The paper further asserts that principles such as best interests of the child and primary caregiver often function in the interests of the male partner and to the detriment of both the woman and her child. The paper concludes that although feminists are advocating for legislative change at the provincial, national and international levels, it will take time before positive outcomes will be achieved.
From the Paper
"The principle of the best interests of the child has served to guide the law of custody. In order to implement the principle of the best interests of the child, considerations of custodial arrangements are inadequate; what must be regarded as the priority is the quality of the child's life which will be the result of the custody award (Rogerson, 1988). Gender is significant because of economics and the fact that women as custodial parents have a vastly different financial potential than men. Rogerson charges that current family law is unequipped to address the economic issues after marriage breakdown. Crossman and Ryder (2001), for instance, maintain that the legal system needs to avoid assumptions associated with relationship status and focus on the economic and emotional interdependence between the two partners."
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Including Children in Celebrating the Eucharist, 2008.
An analysis of the history of the Eucharist and a discussion over the advantages and disadvantages of including children in its celebration.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Eucharist, the rite that Christians perform as part of their liturgy marking the liturgical re-enactment of Christ's actions at the Last Supper. The paper explores the origins and history of this rite and discusses the benefits and negative aspects of including children in the celebration. The paper then argues that it is very important that children participate in its celebration.
From the Paper
"These questions are revealing of both the curiosity of the children, and the lack of adequate preparation that they were given regarding the rite that they would perform later that day. It is likely that the majority of children experiencing First Communion possess similar questions which, unlike these children's questions, probably go unanswered. It may be argued that full participation in the Eucharist should be accompanied by better teaching of children as to the significance of the Eucharist. This should be expressed not simply in theological terms but, as one of Benedict's questioners asked, in terms of their "everyday life" as well. A fuller understanding of the Eucharist will allows this children to participate on a deeper level in the Eucharist, and thereby mature into fuller lives as Christian adults."
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Single Parenthood and Child Development, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of being the son or daughter of a single parent upon the development - cognitive, emotional and physical - of a young person.
4,005 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how thecognitive, emotional and physical development of a child is impacted because of being raised by a single parent. In particular, the paper argues that single parenthood in and of itself is not necessarily a bad thing, but rather that many single parents are ill-equipped educationally, temperamentally, cognitively and psychologically for the stresses of single parenthood and their struggles create complications for their children. Moreover, the paper offers some policy suggestions for improving single parent homes, for political elites and scholars.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
School Performance And Being The Children Of Single Parents
Physical Well-Being And Being The Child Of A Single-Parent
Psychological Aspects Of Being A Child Of A Single Parent
Conclusion: Recommendations For Helping Children In Single Parent Households Reach Their Full Potential (Along With Policy Implications And Future Research Directions)
From the Paper
"On that note, it is important that educators and health officials begin by doing what they can to involve single parents in the school endeavors and extra-curricular activities of their children. For instance, a 1986 study by Weber took note of the fact that parents of mentally handicapped children who fail to attend individualized educational plans (IEPs) are usually non-white, come from lower economic backgrounds and are single parents; they also tended to be people who placed more responsibility for their children's educational programs in the hands of professionals (Weber, 1986). If there is one thing that needs to be done, it is to educate single parents about the importance of their becoming active participants in decisions that will ultimately effect the kind of care and attention their loved ones receive; without their involvement, it is entirely possible that the one voice that can argue most impassionedly on behalf of their children will be the one voice that no one hears."
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The Causes of Rape, 2008.
A review of the book "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Michael Gurian's and Kathy Stevens' book on the causes of rape, "The Minds of Boys: Saving Our Sons from Falling Behind in School and Life." by Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens." The paper discusses the excellent manner in which Michael Gurian and Kathy Stevens touch upon the need for parents to make the early years of a boy's life ones in which emotional intelligence and bonding capabilities are established. The paper then outlines how teachers (and society as a whole) must do a better job of recognizing the vulnerabilities of men and the challenges they face. The paper also looks at the contradictory "messages" that society transmits to young men and how they contribute to incidences of sexual violence. In conclusion, the paper shows that until the psychological, emotional and scholastic needs of boys are fully met by society, sexual violence will continue to be a frightening menace.
From the Paper
"The tension between men and women has grown substantially in recent decades as the initial fight for equality waged by feminists on behalf of all women gradually gave way to a "gender feminism" all-too-often typified by anti-male rhetoric and by a legislative agenda that privileged the needs of girls over boys. Not surprisingly, this anger and resentment has dramatically increased the prospects of an all-out "gender war" that will leave both sides as victims."
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"Winning the War Against Youth Gangs", 2008.
A review of the arguments in and presentation of Valerie Wiener's book, "Winning the War Against Gangs: A Guide for Teens, Families, and Communities."
736 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Valerie Wiener's book, "Winning the War Against Gangs: A Guide for Teens, Families, and Communities." The paper discusses Wiener's points and the ways that she presents her points in the book. It discusses the positive and negative aspects of her arguments and the presentation of her points and concludes that the problem of gangs need a better guide.
From the Paper
"Gangs have serious drawbacks. Gangs often require brutal initiation rituals. They often involve young people in crime. They are pushing youngsters into violence. To a young person who feels that he (or she) has nothing and has no place in the world, however, a gang is often attractive compared to the alternative, nihilistic emptiness. Wiener does not yet have the compelling answers that she would like to provide. The teens, families, and communities seeking to deal with the problem of gangs need a better guide."
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The Biracial Family, 2008.
This paper reviews "Clover" by Doris Sanders.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book "Clover" by Doris Sanders that portrays the life of a young black child reared by a white woman in a close-knit, African-American farming community. The paper considers the book's dominant themes of intermarriage and women and work and highlights Sanders' depiction of gender-specific expectations.
Outline:
Part One: Summary of Text
Intermarriage
Women and Work
From the Paper
"Dori Sander's, Clover, is a thoughtful look at what it is like to be a young black child reared by a white woman in a close-knit, African-American farming community. The book explores Clover's own conflicting feelings towards Sara Kate and the difficult time Sara Kate experiences by virtue of being a white interloper in a protective and tightly-bound black extended family. Furthermore, the book looks at how Clover finds herself uncomfortably straddling two worlds that are divided by cleavages that extend beyond race. To wit, Sara Kate is well-educated and intelligent and white (and apparently fairly upper-class) and Clover's family is working poor, African-American, rural and not terribly urbane. In a real sense, the little girl is the embodiment of the fears, tensions and insecurities many children endure when thrust into biracial marriages in a society that has not yet embraced them."
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