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Native Self-Governance and Economic Independence, 2008.
This paper explores the role of economic considerations in the rise of the native self-governance movement in Northwestern Canada.
1,981 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of the self-governance movement in the Canadian north and argues that the native self-governance movement in Northwestern Canada has origins dating back to the 1960s and early 1970s. The paper argues further that one of the chief motivations for the movement has been a desire to claim economic independence, sustainability and the power to keep the riches produced by local non-renewable resources in the hands of the community. The paper examines the costs of government mismanagement and how the native push for self-governance and control of tribal lands have been accommodated within the framework of the Canadian Constitution.
From the Paper
"The desirability of self-government has seduced native groups for quite some time - though it is most likely that the actual calls for self-government only really emerged at the dawn of the 1970s when massive social and demographic shifts in Canada made it impossible for government officials to ignore native complaints as they always had in the past. Mark O. Dickerson of the University of British Columbia writes that 1971 was the year that saw the Inuit of Quebec, Labrador, and the Northwest Territories organize the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC), a broad-based "umbrella" organization for Canadian Inuit that, among other things, called for the formation of an independent territory for all Northwest Territories Inuit - excepting the Inuvialuit."
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The Supreme Court of Canada, 2008.
This paper examines the judicial selection process for the Supreme Court of Canada.
2,702 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that judges are appointed by elitist institutions that result in decisions that are out of touch with the political and social realities of Canadian society. The paper looks at several court cases and shows how the court essentially makes decisions that are biased towards upper class individuals. The paper concludes that the Supreme Court appointment process needs to be reformed.
From the Paper
"The fact that social and class biases can shape judicial decisions has been proven in a number of studies. For example, in "Constituting class and crime in Upper Canada" it is argued, "Law often is constituted in ways that make its everyday enforcement a reflection of class and class-related conditions". What this means is that class is a major determinant of law enforcement. Therefore, the class composition of the Supreme Court of Canada will have a major impact on the types of decisions that are made. This means that the appointment process will have a major impact on the decisions made by the Supreme Court of Canada.
"Even when the Supreme Court of Canada makes decisions that are in line with Canadian society as a whole it can be argued that they are influenced by political patronage. This can be seen in the recent decisions about same sex marriage. In "Canada" Priya Verma et al explain how parliament voted 158-133 in favour of same sex marriage."
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Women of Power, 2008.
A look at the role of native women in pre-confederation Canada.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that native women who married white fur traders in pre-confederation Canada, did so because they knew that they fulfilled an important intermediary role within native/white business relations, and thus stood to see their social and economic status increase dramatically through marriage to non-native men. It was understood that being a translator and a bridge to both worlds was an excellent means of accruing power, status and capital. The paper maintains that, although there were external pressures that may often have propelled native women into one marriage or another, the final decision to marry a white man was chiefly prompted by self-interest.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the early Canadian fur trade that prospered in Canada during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would not have been possible unless two racial groups - Native Americans and their European counterparts - found a way to work together in some fashion for the enrichment of both. Sylvia Van Kirk, one of the more perceptive students of the old Canadian fur trade, has written that the native women in those Indian communities that came into contact with white European traders found themselves caught between two groups of males: the male leaders of their own community, and the enterprising traders of the European colonizers. In a very real sense, these native women used their status as the wives of traders to act as "go-betweens" or as "social brokers" between two groups with often strained relations. In fact, Van Kirk is largely of the view that native women used their status as a go-between to bolster their own stature while, at the very same time, they coveted the economic power that derived from being the wife of a fur trader. In that sense, the old notion that these women were somehow agent-less victims is one that desperately needs to be cast aside in favor of a more modern interpretation."
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"People Who Own Themselves", 2008.
A review of Heather Devine's book "The People Who Own Themselves: Aboriginal Ethnogenesis in a Canadian Family".
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how "The People Who Own Themselves" tells the story of Heather Devine's research project about the Desjarlais Family, who were immigrants from Europe to New France, and an Canadian Aboriginal family who were settlers in the same area. The paper maintains that, in reading this book, the reader learns about many aspects of early Canadian history, including the day to day lives of workers in the fur trade, forest hunting and hunters, day to day life in general, and some war history.
From the Paper
"The first thing the reader will notice is that this is not an ordinary history book. Devine (2004) was interested in this subject for very personal reasons. In fact, the study would not have happened if Devine's family did not have a personal connection with the Metis. As Devine (2004) explains in her Preface, her mother was adopted in the 1930s, and grew up in Saskatchewan. She was an unusual child, in that she was much darker than the rest of her family. This probably is why she eventually looked for her roots, and found out that her father was Metis."
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Yukon's Gold Rush, 2008.
An analysis of the poem "The Law of the Yukon" by Robert W. Service.
722 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how the poem "The Law of the Yukon" by Robert W. Service reflects the dreams of Yukon's gold rush. The paper discusses how Service makes many references to the harsh climate and inhospitable terrain of the Yukon that the gold miners faced. The paper also conveys Service's awe of the Yukon's natural beauty.
From the Paper
"Robert Service wrote many poems about the Yukon and the hardships as well as the excitement of the prospector's life and became to voice of the Yukon that represented the people that flocked to the gold rush. The Law of the Yukon describes the land of the Yukon as well as its inhabitants. Service describes the hardships of the life in the Yukon, stating that "only the String shall thieve", but the poem is also riddled with the excitement about the North and its mystique, particularly since the gold rush was more or less over by the time Service wrote about it. Service was not the only writer to focus his work on the great white north. Jack London also wrote many stories about the North as well as the Klondike gold-rush."
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Racism and Canadian Society, 2008.
This paper discusses the statement "In my opinion, it is too easy for people to blame their failures on things like racism."
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer argues that the statement, "In my opinion, it is too easy for people to blame their failures on things like racism", is incorrect and is one that is usually put forward by people who have never experienced racism. The writer maintains that the reality is that many failures are caused by important factors such as racism. This should be acknowledged, and then steps should be taken to address the racism in our society. The writer argues that pretending that racism is just an empty, self-serving excuse obscures the reality of the racism in our society. The writer concludes that when a black person says their failure is a result of racism, they are far more likely to be correct than incorrect.
From the Paper
"As a result of this failure, many consequences flow. For one thing, the little girl is never cast as the heroine, and all the audiences who see the school plays over the years have their racist assumptions that heroines/princesses etc. are always white reinforced. Thus, the systemic racism is bolstered, reinforced and perpetuated to a new generation. The effect on the girl herself is that she is repeatedly sent the message that she is not good enough to be the princess/heroine - no matter what she does. The girl is likely to internalize a very deep level of unworthiness, and a resultant crippling lack of self-esteem. Contrast this with the raised self-esteem that will be fostered in the white girls who were picked for the roles. After that, all of these girls go on to university. Which girls are more likely to do well at university, and then go on to successful, well-paid careers? And taking this even further, which of these girls are likely to raise children who have every possible advantage in life, and who will do well when they grow up?"
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Charles G.D. Roberts' "Kinship", 2008.
An analysis of how a poem by Charles G.D. Roberts, "Kinship," views native Canadians at the time the poem was written.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a poem by Charles G.D. Roberts, "Kinship," that encapsulates the privations of Native Canadians during the latter stages of the nineteenth century. Specifically, the paper discusses how native Canadians found themselves marginalized in the Canada of that time - and how Charles G.D. Roberts, while progressive in his empathy and feeling for the plight of Canada's aboriginal population, nonetheless sees this segment of the nation's population through a European lens.
From the Paper
"In late nineteenth century Canada, the question of what to do with the nation's natives was one that preoccupied policy-makers. Simply put, here was a large number of men and women (and children) whose traditional habits, attitudes, modes of living, and religious sentiments were well outside the mainstream of Canadian society. The end result, as grimly noted in an online report sponsored by the Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Center, was for the Canadian government to pursue a policy that forcibly remade Native Canadians in the image of their European counterparts ("Our Way," para.5-6). This meant, for all intents and purposes, the imposition of policies that undermined traditional native culture, the creation of the Industrial and Boarding School Systems and the abolition of religious ceremonies and dances."
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Susan McCaslin's 'The Call', 2008.
Examines Susan McCaslin's poem 'The Call' from her book "Flying Wounded".
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in her poem 'The Call', Canadian poet Susan McCaslin relates the experience of mental illness to the Cathars, a religious group concentrated in France in the eleventh century. The paper points out that the inquisition and oppressive pursuit of the open-minded Cathars is used by McCaslin as a metaphor to describe mental illness. The paper stresses that, although the poem and the book are not entirely an autobiography, McCaslin is the daughter of a mentally ill woman whose tumultuous driving mental voices impact on everyone around her.
From the Paper
"McCaslin's historical references continue in the third stanza, where the schizophrenic voices that pursue the mother "blazon" her face, an old-fashioned word associated with heraldry, of officers of arms. A blazon is a description of a coat of arms or flag used to depict an image, typically involving banners or seals. Such formal, historical imagery is conveyed by McCaslin to represent the mother's mental state, which the woman carries around as a logo - a logo which automatically exempts her from deserving love from Canadian society as a whole."
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Canada and the Natural World, 2008.
A review of the poem "Wonders of the West or a Day at the Falls of Niagara, in 1825" by James Lynne Alexander.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how James Lynne Alexander's lengthy poem "Wonders of the West or a Day at the Falls of Niagara, in 1825" reflects the rhetoric of a people and a time in which Mother Nature held sway over Canada's fledgling nation. The paper conveys the turbulent relationship between Upper Canadians of his age and an unruly local climate and the equally tense and turbulent relationship between Upper Canadians and their American counterparts.
From the Paper
"James Lynne Alexander is not a name that will be familiar to most Canadian or American students of Canadian poetry; in fact, his name may not be familiar to many scholars who have devoted their careers to the study of Canadian literature. Nonetheless, Alexander's "Wonders of the West or a Day at the Falls of Niagara, in 1825" is a very useful poem for anyone seeking to learn more about the sometimes tense historic relationship between Canadians and the natural world - and about the historically tense relationship between Canadians and their American neighbors."
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Susan McCaslin's "Just an Ordinary Woman", 2008.
This paper discusses Susan McCaslin's poem "Just an Ordinary Woman" as an example of the British Columbian mystical tradition.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explain that Susan McCaslin's "Just an Ordinary Woman" is a lucid, brief poem, which communicates the mystery of a new birth far from a 21st century postmodern hospital. The author describes that British Columbia has long been an ideal location for creative, mystic writers because of its distinctive atmosphere created by the ocean coastline and mountains. The paper concludes that McCaslin's writings reflect the British Columbia's cultural legacy of mysticism, which is not found as often in writers from other areas of Canada.
From the Paper
"To a large extent, people in British Columbia who were given to the arts and letters had to promote their own opportunities, so that through the 19th century, a number of private presses and newsletters were appearing. Since many people lived in remote out-stations, books when of interest to them could be very much valued with some early philanthropy addressing small public library facilities for smaller interior and coastal communities, a point explained in an article of the 1940s that discussed matters of books and libraries in British Columbia in the early colonial period."
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Ian Greene's "The Courts", 2008.
This paper is a critical review of Ian Greene's "The Courts", which examines the relationship between courts and democracy in Canada.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in "The Courts", Ian Greene uses the major criteria of participation, inclusiveness and responsiveness to evaluate the Canadian courts and their relations to democracy. The author points out that the objective of Greene's book was to provide a rather objective picture of the state of the courts in Canada without providing a personal option; nonetheless, his personal opinions are very generalized conclusions. The paper relates a number of weaknesses to Greene's arguments and only gives this book a mild recommendation because, suggesting that, beyond presenting a general examination of the court system in Canada, the book is almost useless. The paper recommends that the book would be made more effective by Greene making changes, such as a clear statement on the democratic or undemocratic nature of the Canadian courts.
From the Paper
"There are technically three key aspects of Green's organization scheme. The first is a general strategy of focusing on the systematic nature of the courts as an institution instead of the actions of individual actors. This makes a great deal of sense considering that individual courts will vary incredibly. Therefore, the operations of one court are more then likely to differ from operations of another court. But by examining a wide range of judges, lawyers, court officers, academics, policy makers and litigants it is possible to create a better picture of the over all operations of the courts as an institution in Canadian society."
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Aboriginal Canadian People, 2008.
This paper discusses issues of health and homelessness among the aboriginal people of Canada.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the complex interaction of the social determinants of health, which have resulted in the very poor health status of the aboriginal Canadian people. The author points out that the broadest issues, which impact on native communities, include little control by natives over their own economy, their ability for self-government and unfair decisions about use of resources. The paper relates that these issues are linked with the loss of native language and culture, especially because of the government's and religion's involvement in residential schools. The author underscores that homelessness for Native people is sometimes viewed as a problem that the poor bring upon themselves; however, the mainstream society forgets that native people have lost their resources. The paper concludes that native people are capable of solving their own problems as long as they are given some degree of support, autonomy and justice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Practice Experience and Issue
The Root Issue Explaining Native Homelessness
Analysis of Practice and Community Connections
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the project, we learned that all the Native people on reserves live under conditions of poverty and despair. It is to escape those conditions that many Aboriginal women as well as young males leave reserves. Aboriginal homeless women are faced with racism and discrimination. Unlike other Canadian women, there are very few Native women who have an income; instead they exist on a welfare allowance which often does not meet basic needs. Because of the extent and complexity of the issues facing Native peoples, I learned that it is not possible to approach these issues without nursing theory and theoretical frameworks."
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"The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay", 2008.
An examination of Charles Sangster's poem "The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay".
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes how Charles Sangster in "The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay" portrays the relationship of nineteenth century Canadians to the natural world. The paper examines Sangster's vivid rhetoric and shows how it captures the sublime aspects of the St Lawrence region. The paper also points out Sangster's determination to impress upon the reader the might and majesty of the area that reflected the fears and insecurities of a time wherein the natural world often seemed to be winning its battle against humanity.
From the Paper
"In general, Sangster's poem discusses a journey from Lake Ontario down the St. Lawrence and up the Saguenay River to a location called Trinity Rock. The poem is 110 Spenserian stanzas in length and seems to emphasize the spiritual aspects of traveling through the stunning and unforgettable wilderness of nineteenth century Canada. For instance, when Sangster is called upon by the muses to describe the lightning that sometimes lights up the Canadian skies, he writes, "The finite man falls down to pray/For mercy at his Maker's feet/How vast art thou!/how minute he!/A human tissue which a breath/Can hurl from quickest life to death/An atom to immensity" (Sangster, lines 211-216)."
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Poverty and Policy in Canada, 2008.
This paper looks at how the writer's attitudes towards poverty have changed after reading the first four chapters of "Poverty and the Modern Welfare State" by Raphael, Dennis.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores some of his previous misconceptions held regarding poverty and policy in Canada and also details how this course has produced a reconsideration regarding his hitherto unshakable faith in globalization and in free markets. The writer delves into a personal opinion of what it means for Canada that so many groups and individuals are poverty-stricken and further asserts why it is that the GINI coefficient detailed in the textbook is the most effective measure for gauging poverty insofar as it crystallizes how so many Canadians are falling behind in an ostensible age of plenty. The writer concludes that the troubled groups discussed in chapter three are not poor because they choose to be but because our society has done a poor job of "spreading the wealth" - and an even worse job of acknowledging the reality of widespread poverty.
From the Paper
"When I first began this course, I was, by my own admission, a pretty naive person when it came to poverty in Canada. For one thing, I did not really consider poverty to be a serious or pervasive problem in this land; I also did not appreciate just how pervasive has become child poverty. Moreover, I must say that I never really considered the serious democratic threat that poverty represents; to put it another way, the most disenfranchised people in our society are invariably the poorest, and that is something most Canadians, myself certainly included fail to appreciate when we complain about low voter turnout at election time or when we complain about the relatively low participation rates of some groups. One other belief I held as I entered the course was the curious belief that there is no correlation between government "tolerating" poverty and high poverty rates; rather, I clung to the fiction that, as long as a society embraced equal opportunity for all, poverty rates would never climb relative to other societies that, on the surface, seemed less ideologically committed to the old view that people could achieve anything - as long as government stayed out of their lives and as long as they were prepared to work tirelessly towards a long-term goals."
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"Niagara Falls", 2008.
This paper analyzes a nineteenth century poem, "Niagara Falls," by James K. Liston.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper examines what Liston's poem "Niagara Falls" tells us about the preoccupations and concerns of nineteenth century Canadians vis-a-vis the natural world. The paper attempts to convey the changing attitudes of the general public towards the falls as the tough climate of Upper Canada gradually fell under the control of humanity. The paper presents a copy of the poem as an appendix to the paper.
From the Paper
"To begin with, there are many ideas expressed in Liston's nineteenth-century work - ideas that suggest the sublime nature of the falls, the overwhelming grandeur and scale of the Canadian wilderness, and the exoticism of the New World. For instance, the poem opens with a stirring apostrophe to Niagara Falls that portrays it as a metaphor for nature's power over man: "Enduring monument of Power Divine!/Thou Stand'st alone - unmatch'd, unrival'd Falls" (Liston, lines 2 and 16-17). At the same time, there is a deliberate attempt on the part of the poet to associate the falls with military imagery: "Those vapors dense, which rise unceasingly,/With the rude noise, like man's artillery/Proclaim the watery conflict, and point out,/ to distant travelers, 'Niagara Falls'" (Liston, lines 19-22)."
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Cigarette Advertising, 2008.
This paper analyzes cigarette advertising in Canada, especially the ethical aspects.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explain that, when strategically analyzing cigarette advertising in Canadian, emphasis must be placed upon what could realistically be achieved given the range of conflicting interests of all of the stakeholders in this debate. The author points out that the Supreme Court of Canada in the mid-1990s struck down a carefully crafted Canadian government policy, which radically restricted advertising by tobacco companies. The paper stresses that any successful advertising strategy must form a balance between utility and rights. The author relates that the concept of rule utilitarianism is a normative ethical model that provides us with some guidance in developing a strategic approach. The paper states that this model suggests that the advertising must not only be considered in terms of pure utility but also in terms of what is practically achievable given the complex range of interested stakeholders.
From the Paper
"Within these parameters, a strategic approach would balance the utility to the Canadian public from less tobacco promotion with the rights of freedom of expression of the tobacco companies to sell their products. It would be likely, for example, that the courts would consider a ban on advertising in media where it may be easily encountered by minors/children to be an acceptable limitation on the tobacco companies' freedom of expression. For example, cigarette advertising could be banned from television, movies and radio, as these media have a considerable youth audience."
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Aboriginal Land Claims, 2008.
This paper explains the link between the First Nations' land claims and their Aboriginal culture.
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the First Nations land claims, an ongoing saga in Canadian political and legal circles, are as a result of the Aboriginal culture's different attitudes towards land and property. The paper refers to the book "Green Grass Running Water" by Thomas King and shows how it partly reflects the differences between Aboriginal and white Canadian society in their distinct understandings of land and property.
Outline:
Introduction
Distinct Cultures, Distinct Concepts
The Roots of Difference
Lost in Translation
From the Paper
"One of the fascinating aspects of the interaction of First Nations culture and European settler culture in the early years of Canada was how the two peoples often seemed to be speaking as "cross purposes" to one another. This applies particularly to the concept of land and its use. While both First Nations peoples and European settlers saw the land as a resource that could be used to support human survival, the First Nations peoples seem to have been surprised at the devastation the European settlers imposed on the environment that had supported Aboriginal populations for centuries."
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Black Domestic Workers in Canada, 2008.
The paper examines the importation of black domestic servants from the Caribbean to Canada in the 1900s.
2,093 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that domestic workers in Canada today face most of the problems that the Caribbean women faced a hundred years ago. The paper relates that from the early 1900s, female domestic workers were recruited from Guadeloupe and the British Caribbean to accommodate demand for cheap domestic labour. The paper discusses the "Domestic Scheme" where a very small number of candidates were admitted into Canada as domestic help. The paper highlights how Canada's immigration policies were, until a few decades ago, very racist and sexist.
From the Paper
"Even though Canada has had a black population since the 1700s, much of its immigration policies, until the 1960s, have been prejudiced against black people and people of colour in general. Black people came to Canada as slaves, and then as fugitives running and escaping from the slavery in the USA, one it was abolished in the British Empire. Many were farmers that worked their own land. But as Brand (1991) points out, "the abolition of slavery did not eradicate racism as an organizing principle within the social, economic and political life of Canada and the USA" (p. 14)."
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Minority Groups within Unions, 2008.
A discussion of how minority groups in Canada are treated within labor unions.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the different methods and strategies that minorities in Canada have utilized to advance their interests within the union movement, and what other actions they could take to further their cause.
From the Paper
"It has not always been easy for minorities to pursue their goals via the labour movement. Until the early decades of the 20th century, Aboriginal, Black and Asian workers were not even allowed to join unions. As a result, they formed their own unions to further their interests. An example was the Order of Sleeping Car Porters - comprising black people working on the railways. Later, when they were allowed to join the mainstream unions, these unions disbanded. However, since the 1980s, minorities have been organizing separate groups within the union movement to focus on their own specific needs. This movement reflects the concept of separation, as opposed to integration - it is argued that when a group suffers particular hardships or prejudices, it should have to right to separate and focus on combating these prejudices. This can be easier than attempting to persuade the mainstream unions to focus on these minority issues. This concept was established by the women's movement, so that it was less controversial when minorities embraced it within the labour movement (Labour Studies 332 Study Guide). However, it should also be borne in mind that there is streght in solidarity - as will be discussed further below."
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