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The Hudson's Bay Company, 2007.
This paper explores the retail industry in Canada and the Hudson's Bay Company in particular.
2,179 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Hudson's Bay Company and what factors the Canadian retailer must bear in mind if it is to secure a niche for itself in a competitive sector. The paper explores the economic, political, social, legal and technological opportunities and threats facing the company as well as the technological factors which might come into play in determining its future success.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Economic Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Political Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Legal Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Technological Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Competitive Environment: Opportunities and Threats
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United States CIA Fact Book, only about two-thirds of Canada's population is of now of European or British Isle extraction (Central Intelligence Agency, sec.3). Further, the number of new arrivals coming to Canada who are of non-European extraction has risen steadily since the 1960s while the number of Europeans choosing to make Canada their home has dropped dramatically (Statistics Canada, graph 2). This means that Hudson's Bay Company has the opportunity to cater to a new demographic that is beginning to assert itself more and more within the nation politically, economically and culturally."
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Aboriginal Self-Government, 2007.
This paper presents an argument supporting native self-government in Canada.
1,526 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why native self-government is necessary and desirable. The paper outlines the arguments favoring native self-governance, the arguments opposing it and why native self-government is actually feasible within the federal framework shaping Canadian political society. The paper shows how, while there are practical issues which need to be resolved, Canada can ill-afford to compound the troubles of the past by failing to meet the native needs of the present and future.
From the Paper
"During the 1990 Oka Crisis, a group of Mohawk protestors defended their decision to barricade native land on the Kahnawake Reserve near Montreal. To wit, the protestors claimed that the lands developers were now seeking to turn into a golf course had never been ceded to British or Canadian governments and would certainly not be ceded to them now. The seemingly interminable stand-off between authorities and the Mohawks, an incident in which one police officer was killed, revived the age-old question of whether or not Native Canadians should have a sovereign "archipelago" of their own - or whether they should be compelled to abide by the same laws as the rest of Canadians."
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Privatization of Health Care, 2007.
This paper explores the issues regarding privatization of the Canadian healthcare model.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the American system of medicare and the Canadian healthcare model. The paper discusses the arguments for and against privatization of the Canadian system. The paper shows how the Canadian health care system is not perfect but contends that adopting the American model simply will add to the problems of cost and inefficiency. The paper maintains that what is needed is a comprehensive reform of the medicare system in Canada, with a more efficient use of resources.
Outline:
Introduction
The American System of Medicare
The Need for an Alternative in Canada
Arguments against Privatization
Arguments for Privatization
A Hybrid Health Care System
From the Paper
"The general consensus about privatization is that it is a threat to Canada's health care system. The common argument in Canada is that, in order to have a better health care system, the trend of privatization needs to end and public delivery of health care has to be expanded (Eggertson, 2004). Meanwhile the Canadian system is far from perfect with long wait times, problems of accessibility, and unfairness. Alberta Premier Ralph Klein, for instance, believes in privatization because healthy people deserve a tax break compared to those who are a drain on the health care system (Eggertson, 2004). One alternative to the Canadian system might be the U.S. system of medicare. However, the American model is known to be extremely costly and inefficient."
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Vipassana Meditation in Canadian Prisons, 2007.
This paper explores providing a Vipassana meditation course to a provincial prison in Canada.
2,362 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Vipassana technique pioneered in Indian prisons and penitentiaries that is a low-cost method of contending with addictions, mental illness and the characteristic apathy of timeservers. The paper examines Vipassana projects in the United States, New Zealand and elsewhere involving different kinds of Western prisoners. The paper determines that it would be easier to sell, rather than donate, services to a Canadian provincial prison.
Outline:
Introduction
Selecting an Institution
Learning a Skill
Vipassana Specialists in Addictions
Variables
Closing Gaps in Practice and Planning
More Points to 'Sell' a Win-Win Project
Western Experiments in Vipassana
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"A provincial prison to decide in favour of Vipassana program could offer a very good venue for an experiment especially if a facility not always noted for ideal management or inmate contentedness. With Ministry approval, and having brought onside the Meditation Society as is now active in three Canadian provinces, a likely logistical step is to contact the local prison chaplaincy service as a non-governmental area perhaps more familiar with how to stage a short-course in-reach program for a number of inmates to be advised by the Ministry and prison superintendent. Vipassana meditation was first attempted with great success in a Delhi prison once said to typify the worst of Indian prison cultures. (See Mazumdar: 1981)"
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Softwood Lumber and Free Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the the Softwood Lumbar Agreement and free trade agreements between Canada and the United States.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumbar Agreement between Canada and the United States. It describes the different interests of the federal and the provincial governments in the Agreement and the implication of the Agreement for the federal government of Canada. The paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the Free Trade Agreements with the United States. It argues that Canadian interests are not being served by the free trade agreements. Finally, the paper looks at the the Alberta Softwood Lumber Trade Council and its representation on Canadian interests.
From the Paper
"Clearly, the diverse range of the ASLTC's disagreements with the proposed agreement do not offer much room for compromise. In order to address these problems, it would seem that the entire agreement would have to be opened up and the U.S. government "forced" to accept a much longer term agreement (unlikely); that the rest of Canada should recognize Alberta's particular circumstances with a pest (unlikely); and that someone should refund the Alberta industry its $100 million in legal fees (unlikely). Clearly, this interest group reflect the general intransigence of single-issue interest groups. Moreover, the fact that it is not bothering to advocate directly to the federal government, but is instead using its influence on the provincial government of Alberta to get the province to lobby the federal government for changes reflects its narrow basis of support in one province and in one sector of a provincial industry (ASLTC)."
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Mental Illness and Employment Discrimination, 2007.
This paper discusses a 1996 Supreme Court case of discrimination as detailed by the online "Canadian Human Rights Reporter."
1,094 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the ruling in a case in the Canadian Supreme Court that expressly forbids organizations from providing benefits and disabilities packages to those who are mentally ill (or disabled) which are inferior to those that are granted to the physically disabled. The paper provides a brief synopsis of the case and the reasoning behind the final decision. The paper explores what the ruling means for human resources departments across Canada.
From the Paper
"The case in question is a 1996 case, Gibbs v. Battlefords and Dist. Co-operative Ltd., in which the Supreme Court determined that the aforementioned Co-operative discriminated against Betty-Lu Clara Gibbs (who was suffering from a mental illness at the time she departed the company for personal reasons) via an "employment-related" insurance plan that stipulated that an employee who was rendered unable to work because of a mental disability was to be furnished with "replacement pay" by the co-operative for only two years - whereas colleagues who were similarly disadvantaged by a physical disability could receive the above pay up to the age of 65 or for as long as the employee could not work. "
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Waterfront Development in Toronto, 2007.
An analysis of the proposals set forward for improving Toronto's waterfront.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various development alternatives put forward in recent years by Toronto's leaders as they sought to address the city's waterfront concerns. It describes what these policy decisions have meant (or are likely to mean) for the city's tourist industry, for its businesses and for the less-fortunate who find themselves without proper shelter elsewhere in the metropolis. The paper then looks at which of the policy proposals unveiled since the turn of the millennium seems the most promising and "cost-effective" avenue to pursue.
From the Paper
"For one thing, it appears as though policy proposals in the early 1970s focused upon both economic development and beautification concerns, with scant evidence being given to environmental considerations. For example, the 1972 Harbor front Project was an attempt to take the 92-acre site in the western half of the city's "central urban" waterfront and make it into a money-making, mixed-use area. In the early stages, the idea was to turn the entire location into a park, but the evidence suggests that this was gradually de-emphasized as the 1970s progressed. In any case, the Harbor front Corporation which was set up by the federal government to explore what could be done with Toronto's "harbor-scape" was seemingly even less interested in a huge park than were the politicians and the 1980s saw determined efforts to get private business organizations and investors to develop the area."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, 2007.
This paper examines the 2006 softwood lumber agreement between the federal governments of Canada and the United States, which creates a medium-term solution for a long-running trade dispute between the two countries.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the origin of the dispute between the federal governments of Canada and the United States is the belief of U.S. lumber companies that lumber in some Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, is subsidized by the lumber coming from Crown lands where its cost is cheaper than if it came from private lands. The author points out that, although Canada disputes this view, it accepted the Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, which cancels any legal actions and duties with regard to the softwood lumber issue, as a way of resolving the trade problem and returning billions of dollars the U.S. government has claimed in duties over the past five years. The paper relates that the public interest group, the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) did not advocate one policy to government but attempted to work with the government to create a "unified" approach, which best reflects the diverse interests of its member companies.
From the Paper
"Canada had a number of objectives in entering into the free trade agreements with the United States. In general, these different objectives may be grouped under the one overriding priority of the Canadian government, which was to secure open and unthreatened long-term access to the large U.S. market for Canadian exporters. This was an important issue for the Canadian government as Canadian industries in the last decades of the 20th century were growing increasingly dependent upon the United States as their primary export market."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Dispute, 2007.
An analysis of the terms and implications of the Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 1996 Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement. It describes the terms of the agreement and the differing interests of the federal and provincial governments in the agreement. The paper then looks at the differing roles that the federal and provincial governments play in implementing the agreement. Next, the paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements, the FTA and the NAFTA and discusses how the Softwood Lumber Agreement fits into these. Finally, the paper looks at the BC Lumber Trade Council and what it represents.
From the Paper
" The Council advocated to the provincial and federal governments on the basis of the lumber industry and the best interests of the forestry industry as well as of Canada. The Council advocated finding "a durable, long-term solution to the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute and respect for the rules of trade under NAFTA" (BC Lumber Trade Council 1). The Council also upholds certain aspects of the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement along with the interests of the firms in the industry that the Council represents. Advocacy on the part of the Council includes using threats to the federal government. Such threats involve the potential for embarrassment on the international scale along with local disgrace in the event that the agreement is implemented without feedback and influence from the BC Lumber Trade Council. The strategies employed in the advocacy of related to the proposed softwood lumber agreement represent the intensity of feeling surrounding the issues in the dispute. The Council's advocacy measures also are influenced by the extreme significance of the softwood lumber agreement for the lumber industry in British Columbia. The BC Lumber Trade Council also has threatened to sabotage the agreement in the event that their demands are not realized."
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Immigration and Canadian Diversity, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of immigration and diversity in Canada, while looking at accounts regarding Chinese immigrants in the 19th and 20th century.
2,182 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two news accounts that presented similar backgrounds regarding the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and the 20th century. The writer compares and contrasts events taken from these two time periods with academic sources detailing the same. The writer notes that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The writer points out that the politico-social climate had perceptibly changed since 1860, particularly regarding the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The writer concludes that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive. This paper includes a detailed summary and notes regarding each of the sources.
Outline:
The 19th Century
20th Century
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This was one of the first accounts of local press during the 1860s regarding the arrival of Chinese migrants to British Columbia. Being of a foreign land, they initially shared the white man's dreams of finding fortune in the new province similar to the California gold rush. It was an equal proving ground where, literally, one could keep what he reaped from the mines. However, as the fervor of finding instant fortune soon died down in the south, so did the gold rush in British Columbia. This did not mean that other industries were in lack. Indeed, the lumbering and agricultural industries were also abundant, owing to the gold rush that had to be sustained by settlements and towns requiring building materials and a means with which to feed the inhabitants."
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The 2006 Canadian-U.S.A. Softwood Lumber Agreement, 2007.
This paper discusses the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, the 2006 agreement and the role of the public interest group, the British Columbia Lumber Trade Council.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, Washington objected to the low Canadian lumber prices; whereas, the provinces of Canada saw their role as regulating lumbering so that the mainly Crown lands on which it takes place are maintained ecologically well. The author points out that the 2006 agreement removed the tariff on Canadian softwood, but also established export taxes that will kick into place should the price of lumber drop too low, thus preventing Canadian exporters from "dumping" or selling lumber in the United States at prices less than what goods cost to produce. The paper stresses that Canada like many Third World countries, is a raw material exporter, subjected to prices and rulings made elsewhere and with whole local or even national economies revolving around particular commodities and their related industries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Canada's Objectives
The British Columbia Lumber Trade Council
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"Critics said that there should be no duty paid by Canadian forestry companies, in the first place, that Americans either wanted to buy lumber that they could not produce in the United States to keep up with demand, or they did not. A Duke University expert on international economic law wrote that the 2005 negotiations that have gone before the present Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006 involved Washington being made aware of having reacted too quickly to the earlier situation. Some Americans realized that they were on 'thin ice' in terms of the position taken against Canadian producers of lumber, by suddenly charging tariffs, in view of the NAFTA."
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Bill Merrilees' Article: 'Radical Brand Evolution', 2007.
This paper analyzes an article authored by Bill Merrilees' entitled 'Radical Brand Evolution: A Case-Based Framework' in the 2005 "Journal of Advertising Research".
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Bill Merrilees' writes in his article 'Radical Brand Evolution: A Case-Based Framework' in the 2005 "Journal of Advertising Research" that brand evolution entails the gradual transformation of the identifying symbol of a corporation via external and internal stimulus. The author points out that the writer concludes that brand revitalization can only occur if the development and protection of the brand is made a part of the coordinating elements of a marketing strategy geared towards appealing to target consumers. The paper relates that Merrilees devotes the bulk of his article to the application of brand orientation to the Canadian retailer Canadian Tire, who was compelled to revitalize its corporate brand in the face of new business pressures from the low prices of Wal-Mart and the excellent customer service of Home Depot.
From the Paper
"Merrilees then favorably invokes the six-step model of brand evolution designed by McEnally and de Chernatony whereby organizations evolve from offering unbranded goods to offering, in order, "brands as reference," "brands as personality," brands as icon(s)," "brands as company," to - finally - "brands as policy". Periodically, of course, brands must be "revitalized" if they are to maintain the interest of key consumers and/or if they are to capture new consumers in periods of intense sectoral competition."
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Case Study: People's Insurance Company, 2007.
This paper is a case study exploring organizational and management problems relating to the close integration of People's Insurance Company of Canada (PICC) with its parent company, People's Bank.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that problems began at People's Insurance Company of Canada (PICC) when its originally organic and non-hierarchical organizational structure was integrated into the more traditional hierarchical structure of People's Bank, resulting in a highly mechanistic structure at the insurance company. The author of the paper recommends that, given the biases of the bank and the insurance company, the problems regarding the decision-making process must be evaluated by an outside, independent auditor/consultant. The paper stresses that one of the key ironies of downsizing as a cost saving strategy is that, while costs obviously may be reduced by downsizing a company's labor force, in general, downsized companies do not meet either their productivity or profitability goals.
From the Paper
"In the case of PICC, this is a particular issue with respect to friction between the insurance company and the bank, as various bank staff have noted that people occupying comparable levels in the insurance company are rewarded with company cars and other perks while they themselves are not. The PICC management have defended these differences on the grounds that higher salary levels etc. were necessary to attract skilled employees within the insurance industry. As a start-up instead of an established institution, this need to attract and motivate staff with perks is a prime concern."
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Masters of Education Application Statement, 2007.
An application statement, by a Canadian of Iranian descent, to an M.Ed program at York University.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an application statement tp an M.Ed program at York University in Canada. The author reflects upon, not only his qualifications for candidacy to this program, but also the reasons why he believes his admittance will allow him to contribute both to the graduate community of the university and to Canada's diverse multicultural community. The author points out that it is difficult to describe to someone who has lived his life in this diverse and intellectually-rich country the incredible sense of liberation one feels in being able to read a newspaper or watch local media that one knows has not been reviewed by state censors. The paper stresses that the author feels that his experiences as an immigrant, as well as his educational experience in learning English as a second language, represent critical advantages in his aspiration to teach students in Canada.
From the Paper
"This being said, I must also note that my perspective as an immigrant has shaped my teaching practice in this country in that I am highly cognizant of how the economic contribution immigrants and immigration have made to Canada is dependent upon the building of bridges between the diverse cultures of Canada's immigrant communities. For the future growth and development of Canada it is of prime importance that all of Canada's immigrant populations are engaged and feel their perspectives and contributions are valued by Canada's host English and French cultures."
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Lessons for the Labor Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of labor and labor organizations in Canada.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive and negative lessons that history can provide to today's unions and trade unions in Canada. It describes the influence that the state and the nature of the economy have on labor and labor organizations and their activities. The paper also discusses trade unions and their role, as well as other developments in the history of the labor movement. Finally the paper looks at fthe ree market economy and its implications in increasing job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks.
From the Paper
"Free market economy increased job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks and continues to be the basis of today's economy in Canada. The labor movement of today is faced with these challenges as well as the relocation and closing down of many industrial plants and factories all over Canada. Also, today Canada's labor movement needs to have a broader agenda as it faces with all the challenges of the global economy as well as the effects of the decline of state intervention within the context of this new global economy. It also needs to recognize the cultural, social and ethnic diversity that makes up the Canadian workforce today. Additionally it has to become concerned with the status of part-time and temporary employees whose number is increasing steadily, as many employers are cutting out full-time jobs with full benefits."
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Canada-US Softwood Lumber, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons for and implications of the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the US and Canada.
2,447 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the United States and Canada. It describes the reasons for the agreement and its implications. The paper also discusses the different interests of the Canadian federal and provincial governments in terms of this agreement and their role in implementing the agreement. It then analyzes Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements with the United States (the FTA and NAFTA) and how it relates to the Softwood Lumber agreement. Finally the paper looks at the BC Lumbar Trade Council and its role in supporting Canadian interests in the Canada-US softwood lumber dispute.
Table of Contents:
Overview of the Softwood Lumber Agreement
Free Trade Agreements
The BC Lumbar Trade Council
From the Paper
"In this analysis, the advocacy strategy of the BCLTC is not only audacious but is also reflective of the nature of the proposed softwood lumber agreement and the importance of this agreement's structure to the lumber industry in British Columbia. The fact that the organization is willing to go to the extreme step of implying that its members would scuttle the agreement if they do not get what they want in subsequent drafts is political brinkmanship of the highest order. While this power and strategy is unusual for most Canadian interest groups, it is reflective of the complex and long-running nature of this dispute in British Columbia, as well as of the provincial industry's desire for long term stability in its trade with the United States."
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Community Health Nurses, 2007.
This paper explores Canadian community health nurses' standards of practice.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the most recent Canadian national standards regarding health maintenance, restoration and palliation. The paper examines what Canadian nurses can do to improve their own practice vis-a-vis restorative and/or palliative care. The paper also looks at how research in the field can be used by nurses to make themselves educators for local communities. The paper shows how community health nursing demands a sophisticated knowledge of how to interact with the less-fortunate; it is not simply about providing medical answers to medical concerns.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion of the Topic
A Brief Review of the Scholarly Literature
Examples of Community Nurses Using the Knowledge Outlined Above to Assist Communities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The topic, "Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation," is an intimidating topic at first glance, but it does not need to be. Simply put, the aforementioned component of community nursing entails using appropriate strategies to reduce the "risk factors" which can lead to disease (specifically chronic disease) and disability. More than that, nurses engaged in the health maintenance, restoration and palliation process must apply clinical skills to any assessment of the client's health status so that collaborative planning, evaluation and implementation of proper nursing "interventions" can be achieved. Finally, the nursing professional who is assisting clients during the difficult periods that attend health restoration or terminal illness must be able to draw upon a variety of "improvement" strategies and she or he must be able to meet the unique needs of individual patients (TGS Consultants Incorporated, 2005)."
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Educating for Human Capital, 2007.
This paper discusses the human capital ideology in Ontario education.
2,312 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the ideology of education in the Province of Ontario seems increasingly geared to a model stressing the development of human capital, as opposed to human beings. The paper explains that there is a very strong emphasis on producing people who are suited to the workforce. The paper contends that this should raise questions as to the true purpose of education, whether it is only meant to supply workers of certain kinds to the economy. The paper considers this educational ideology in Ontario as depressing.
Outline:
Introduction
Human Capital Models
'Quality Education'
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"The ideology of education in the Province of Ontario seems increasingly geared to a model stressing the development of human capital, as opposed to human beings. Although one sees much reference to an educational system devoted to removing ethno-racial or gender divisions, or educating the whole child, there is now a very strong emphasis on producing persons who are suited to the workforce. This is in keeping with the influential post-World War II theorist, Theodore W. Schultz's notion of producing individuals who could earn and otherwise be productive members of society. (1961) This human capital orientation was again seen strongly in the 1990s in Ontario under a neo-conservative government given to reduced social spending and cost-benefit analyses of all public sector systems in existence. This outlook has subsided with a change of government or the passage of time. There is still an assumption of the well prepared student, youth or adult, as a person offering abilities suited to the employment market, making the province wealthier in terms of human capital serving the needs of employers. (Bouchard: 1998)"
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Canadian and Aboriginal Rights, 2007.
This paper explores whether aboriginal rights can coexist with other rights in Canada.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that when Europeans colonized the land, the native inhabitants become a class of citizens that were treated as different and inferior to the conquering classes. The paper relates that as liberal western democracy attempts to establish equal rights for all citizen groups and as native groups learn how to press their claims, competing claims for land and treasure have been raised. The paper explores whether aboriginal rights can coexist with other rights and posits that coexistence is possible and even necessary, within the systems of government that Canadians have developed.
From the Paper
"When the European colonizers established colonies throughout the North American continent, they came into contact and conflict with the native inhabitants that had dwelt in the land for centuries. Their initial contacts were colored by curiosity and concern on the part of both natives and colonizers. However, as colonies were established and the European hunger for land proved incessant, concern became alarm and even progressed to war in many cases. Colonizers were viewed as invaders by natives and the natives were viewed as uncivilized savages by colonists. The colonists' push across the continent resulted in land being contested and treaties being formulated, altered, and broken."
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