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Safety Guidelines in the Airline Industry, 2005.
The goal of this well-researched paper is to stress the importance of recognizing and removing potential safety hazards in both the airline industry and the military.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper details the standard safety guidelines that must be followed by both the airline industry and the military, as set forth by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The writer examines the goals of OSHA and the FAA which is to ensure the safety and well-being of America's workers by regulating and enforcing specific standards, providing training and education while also encouraging constant improvements of safety standards in the workplace. This paper discusses the various areas of employment in the aviation industry including baggage handlers, forklift drivers and general ground crews. This paper also details the types of safety and health risks in the industry which include: Dangerous carbon dioxide levels, electrocution, vehicle injuries, ramp operation incidents as well as disruptive passengers. This paper discusses an incident in which two general ground workers died due to carbon monoxide poisoning, while refueling their vehicles. This paper also examines the various differences in the safety guidelines between the military and the airline industry as well as the logic behind the differences.
From the Paper
"Baggage handling can cause back injuries. Many times employees lift heavy baggage, which can eventually take its toll on airline workers. In addition, electrocution can occur on the flight line. For example, one man got electrocuted while he repaired airport runway lights. He was a 54-year old certified electrician of an electrical contracting company. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a corona virus, called SARS-associated corona virus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in 2003. Over the next few months the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained (CDC, 2005). This disease is important for airline employees to become aware of and to learn proper safety measures to assist in avoiding such a disease from occurring, as it can be fatal."
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Aviation Fatigue, 2005.
This paper is an extensive literature review of research tests and experiments relating to the relationship of physical and psychological fatigue and aviation accidents.
4,525 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fatigue is a factor that is being increasingly seen as a threat and a problem in the aviation industry and the Air Force. It has been estimated that problems caused by fatigue costs American industry more than $18 billion a year in terms of lost productivity. The author points out that fatigue is characterized by (1) a decreased capacity for work, known as work decrement; (2) modifications in the physiological state of the individual; and (3) a feeling of weariness, which may be accompanied by irritability, anxiety, excessive worry and a disturbed emotional state. The paper relates that reports indicate that fatigue, as a result of sleep deprivation, is not always a critical factor and that there are various factors that are interrelated and can effect the assessments of fatigue of aviation issues. Many quotations. Graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers also point out that the varying results obtained from studies are related to and dependent on the type of experiments and the situations in which the testing takes place. They note that the best data and sources of information on the true effects of fatigue are often taken from actual combat situations and conditions; while many state that the results from simulations and laboratory experiments do not produce an accurate picture of the reality of fatigue and fatigue-induced errors in aviation."
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Airline Industry Cost Analysis, 2006.
This paper examines the growing difficulties facing established airlines in competing against the newer, low-priced carriers.
814 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the cost dynamics within the airline industry. The writer of this paper discusses the fixed costs within the industry which are significantly higher for established airlines, as compared to those of the newer, low-cost carriers. This paper also delves into the variable costs associated primarily with increased capacity and the number of passengers served. The writer of this paper contends and explains why the only way for any airline to survive and grow is to offer lower prices to gain new customers, thereby grabbing the market share from its competitors. This paper also examines why established airlines can no longer continue business as usual and must employ new methods and strategies to successfully compete. To lower prices the established airlines are spreading their flights out instead of concentrating them in banks thus lengthening layovers, resulting in less satisfied customers and less services offered, albeit at a lower cost.
From the Paper
"Today, the only way for any airline to grow is to use low prices to attract new passengers and to take market share from competitors. Profit is dependent on revenue growth exceeding price decline and profit margin growth is dependent on the ability of airlines to increase the percentage of seats they fill on each flight and to continually cut costs. But, it's difficult to increase the percentage of seats given excess supply and price pressures, so operational efficiency will hold the key to success. As a result, a shakeout of airlines is occurring in the U.S. and elsewhere (Airline). United and USAirways have declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and Delta and American have barely avoided it in 2003 and 2004. International airlines such as Alitalia, Scandinavian Airlines System, British Airways, SABENA, Japan Air System, Air Canada, Ansett Australian , and others have flirted with or declared bankruptcy since 2000, as low-cost entrants expand overseas."
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The Aviation Industry and the Environment, 2006.
This well-researched paper focuses on the associated environmental concerns, which have become increasingly dominant throughout the airline industry.
2,516 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the ongoing debates regarding the effects of fossil fuel emissions on the environment. This paper focuses on the role of the airline industry, which is a major contributor to this growing problem. This paper details the cause and effects of CO2 and NOx emissions, derived from the aviation industry and its resulting impact on the environment. This paper provides relevant insight into various aspects of the aviation industry, including the individual companies, aircraft manufacturers and ground support industries. This paper details the findings of the 2003 Rolls Royce environmental report, which stressed the need for immediate changes in the industry. The report emphasized the need to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper discusses what measures have been taken by carriers and manufacturers to control emission levels and reduce pollution. This paper delves into the business practices of various companies, including JetBlue, which currently utilizes some of the most fuel efficient aircrafts available. This paper examines and details the new breakthrough technologies, that are proven successful in substantially reducing air pollution levels. This paper also contains an illustrative graph, citing toxic emission levels, relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fossil Fuels and Efficiency
Aviation and the Ozone Layer and Acid Rain
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Another area for improvement in regard to fuel efficiency and reduced pollution in the aviation industry comes down to how carriers use airports for landing, loading and getting the plains back in the air. "Large airlines use a hub-and-spoke model in which flights are clustered around peak flying times at a few major airports. Low-cost carriers, such as Southwest Airlines, JetBlue Airways and AirTran Airways, do not use hub airports. Instead, they fly "point-to-point," which means they adjust their schedules and routes frequently to keep airplanes flying longer with the maximum number of passengers. The hub-and-spoke model is the most convenient for passengers, but the "point-to-point" system can bring in the most money on shorter routes. The hub and spoke model used by the major airlines for example has been the industry standard for many years because of the advantage of providing a broad geographic umbrella."
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Modes of Transportation, 2005.
Examines how transportation has evolved to suit the 'here-and-now' requirements of the century.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
America has evolved into a highly competitive technologically advanced globalized business society, where trade and the modes of transporting our goods has become a very critical part of our business sector to grow and profit. From the perspective of the consumer, we have become extremely dependent on the fact that our goods should and will be in stores or delivered to our doors in a timely, safe and consistent manner. There are also tons of garbage and hazardous materials that have to be relocated and shipped away from our urban cities and suburban homes in order to maintain a healthy environment. With these issues being taken into consideration, this report therefore analyzes modes of transportation available for shipping goods. These modes include (but are not limited to) trucks, trains, ships, airplanes and non-moving entities such as pipelines. The report presents some insights into how, why and when each of these methods can be utilized and which stage or channel of distribution is required to use these methods of transportation. In addition, the paper also focuses on some of the estimated costs, quantity limits, and shipping times that can be involved when using some of these modes.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Inbound and Outbound Logistics
Containerization
Airplanes
Trucks
Ships
Pipelines
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"On-board computers for example are helping mandate planning processes which in turn lead to fewer accidents and increased efficiency. Toll stations allow trucks to pass without slowing and automatically charge the toll to electronic accounts and license plates can be electronically monitored. Trucking has a fairly high equipment cost per unit of weight carried but very low facility costs such as parking and loading docks and right-of-way costs are moderate because they are maintained by the generally public and taxes."
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U.S. Entrepreneurs, 2005.
Examines two U.S. companies that survived the unstable market activities of the past decade.
934 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two recent companies that were started in the dot-com boom of the late nineties and have managed to prosper and grow in the years after the collapse of the dot-com bubble and 9/11. The companies discussed are ezboard.com, an online community and jetBlue, a U.S. low-fare, low-cost passenger airline started in 1999.
From the Paper
"jetBlue is a low-fare, low-cost passenger airline, which provides high-quality customer service. jetBlue, which started flying fits years ago from its New York base, was the game changer. Its spanking new Airbus jets, live satellite TV and consumer-friendly policy of never bumping a passenger have significantly raised customer expectations of low-fare carriers."
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Personal Aircrafts, 2005.
Examines the practicalities of personal aircrafts for the use of individual commuters.
1,738 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that the introduction of a personal aircraft with a cost under $50000, short take off and landing capability and the ability to safely travel on residential streets might have a significant impact on society. This is provided that regulations were relaxed enough to make the sale and use of such vehicles legal and practical. The paper examines what kind of infrastructure and regulations would be needed to introduce personal aircrafts into our society and who they would benefit.
From the Paper
"While the use of aircraft would reduce highway traffic, the sky would become quite crowded, especially near major landing zones. As with traditional aircraft, strict air traffic control would be required for busy areas to prevent mid-air collisions. Having three dimensions in which to move does reduce the risk of collision with another vehicle; personal aircraft would probably be involved in far fewer multi-vehicle collisions than cars are. Most crashes would be single-vehicle accidents caused by user error. The social impact would ultimately depend on changes to regulation and infrastructure."
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US Airways, 2005.
A brief overview of the organizational structure of this airline.
832 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
US Airways is a global air carrier based in Arlington, Virginia. The company began as a small local airmail carrier in 1939, and expanded to a global airline through acquisitions and development. This paper discusses US Airways as an organization, including its structure, IT infrastructure, and budgeting cycle.
From the Paper
"The company also maintains an internal Help Desk, and maintains their own IT security development and monitoring. The IT department is based in the Arlington, Virginia headquarters. Within the IT infrastructure, there are code sharing agreements with other airlines that allow passengers to use mutual airport clubs, and participate in simplified ticketing and baggage procedures. The agreements are coordinated through software used by the specific airlines, as well as in other areas of operations."
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Kamikaze Pilots, 2005.
Examines the use of suicide pilots by Japan against the Americans during WWII.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
As the Second World War progressed, the Japanese hopes for a global empire were dashed and eventually, the imminent fall of Japan itself became apparent. The Americans could not be stopped by any conventional means--they were poised on the outskirts of the empire, waiting to come ashore. The paper shows that from a strictly military perspective, the only chance for the Japanese to halt American advancement was to employ some new and unexpected form of attack. Over time, the willingness of many Japanese soldiers to sacrifice themselves for the larger cause presented itself as, perhaps, the best possible way to gain an edge against the invaders. This paper examines the driving force of the young men who would become kamikaze pilots. It was a desperate tactic, utilized in a cultural setting that saw defeat as an apocalyptic outcome. The paper follows the story of a university student called Minoru who eventually became a Kamikaze pilot.
From the Paper
"Having had absolutely no flight experience, Minoru's relegation to the Ohkas was predetermined. Additionally, as his crash course in flight began it became quickly apparent that he was one of the least talented in his squad. By December 10, 1944 Minoru had been classified as a D level pilot. Still, he was less concerned with his ranking as a pilot than he was with his newly-found importance in the war. The most interesting parts of his days were the hour-long lectures on philosophy and history fed to him by his superiors. Though the general notions regarding honor and bravery had been what spurred him to join six weeks earlier, the new perspectives he gained during his training helped him to see a more broad historical context for his actions."
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The Challenger Disaster, 2006.
An exploration behind the scenes of the Challenger space shuttle disaster.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks behind the scenes of the Challenger space shuttle disaster. Although the popular reason for the disaster is known as the technical failure of the O-rings, the author explores the intra-personal and inter-personal processes within the Challenger project which, in his opinion, led to the making of the flawed decision to launch the shuttle. He examines all of the processes of communication, leadership, monitoring and group dynamics which played significant roles in the disaster and looks at the roles of named individuals who, in the author's opinion, contributed to incorrect decisions being made by the launch team. In conclusion, the author blames inter-personal and intra-personal processes, which were flawed and problematic, with no one person able to correct the problems evident as the main cause for the disaster.
From the Paper
"Apart from physical communication problems during the project, there were also communication problems relating to areas in the project's planning stages. For instance, launch commit criteria and limits on booster surface temperatures were not communicated between NASA and Thiokol, primarily because they either did not exist, or were not part of the reporting network (Bell, p.47). In not relaying important information such as launch commit criterion, a process was occurring with individuals at various stages prior to the launch, whereby each person was using the communication and reporting process as the locus of responsibility for information disclosure rather than individually accepting responsibility for deciding whether or not to pass on information which he believed to be of significance."
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Continental and Southwest Airlines, 2006.
This paper explores the ins and outs of the airline industry, including marketing and business strategies, by focusing on Continental and Southwest Airlines.
1,623 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details Southwest's low-fare no-frills policy, which is just one of the reasons it's the most profitable airline in the U.S. This paper examines why Southwest was rated #1 in on-time arrivals, departures and overall quality despite the fact that flights are usually overcrowded, seats are crammed together and there's no advance seat reservation system. This paper contains a brief history into Southwest and Continental Airlines as well as the initial goals of both companies. This paper details Continental's less than impressive marketing and business achievements as well as the company's past financial struggles to stay afloat, which eventually paid off when it merged with Air Canada.
From the Paper
"In 1990, December 3 was a dark day when Continental slid into its second bankruptcy, but this time a white knight appeared. Continental and Air Canada became "partners", and Air Canada put some $450 million into rescuing Continental, allowing the airline to emerge from bankruptcy by 1993. Its marketing strategy- again concentrating on the business traveler, both domestically and overseas to more than 60 destinations- has made it possible for Continental to be profitable now for the last 24 reporting quarters. Its stock was named, by Business Week, as the "Best New York Stock Exchange Stock of the year in 1995." (Continental.com) The reason was obvious to see, from a low in January that year of $6.50 a share, by the end of December, the stock had risen to $47.50."
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United and Southwest: What a Difference, 2006.
This paper examines the workings of the airline industry by comparing the business and marketing strategies of both United and Southwest airlines.
2,590 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper contains a brief history of both Southwest and United and examines both airlines' marketing strategies. United, considered the leader of large domestic and international carriers has had problems deciding on which type of passenger to concentrate. The initial goal of Southwest has not changed in that they strive to become the major short-haul carrier and to offer fares below those imposed by the brand-name carriers. These two airlines provide a stark contrast in marketing priorities which are detailed in this paper. This paper also discusses the types of aircrafts both companies use, as well as relevant facts and details pertaining to the airline industry.
From the Paper
"All major airlines now offer some form of electronic ticketing. For one thing, there is the convenience to passengers of not having to worry about "losing" a ticket. Information normally available on paper documents is stored electronically. Check-in, security, even customs procedures for travel using an electronic ticket are the same as for passengers with paper tickets. United explains, in its literature, that customers who use United and Air Canada electronic ticketing will have to check in with passport and the ticket receipt and, if booked by telephone, with the credit card used to purchase the ticket."
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Lufthansa and Globalization Strategy, 2005.
Examines how this German airline is moving into a more global arena.
3,438 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
Lufthansa has moved from a "regional monopolist" to become a major player in the international air services industry. The formation of the Star Alliance and Lufthansa's continuing acquisition of regional carriers has provided the impetus for Lufthansa to move into the global arena in a major way. This paper reviews the processes by which Lufthansa can now optimize its strategic global alliances and draws on comparison with other airline groups which have adopted similar strategies. An analysis of Lufthansa's organizational structure and its appropriateness for its new corporate structure is also provided, as well as recommendations as to how Lufthansa can continue its corporate growth to become a leader in the global air industry into the 21st century.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Analysis of Lufthansa's Structure
To What Extent Should Lufthansa Internationalize Its Costs?
What Management Development Procedures Might Lufthansa Need to Develop
How Can Lufthansa Maintain the Momentum Required to Become a Leading Global Airline into the 21st Century?
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Among the key benefit to customers of Star Alliance airlines are its "Rewards and Recognition" program. Any member of any Star Alliance frequent flyer program can accumulate and redeem mileage points on all scheduled flights operated by all alliance airlines. This additional incentive to international travelers has clearly paid off for Lufthansa. The Star Alliance also offers frequent flyer miles collected on paid qualifying Star Alliance flights count toward achieving "top-tier status" in the frequent flyer plan of the traveler's choice."
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Guided Missiles, 2006.
This paper explores the technological development of guidance system weapons.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the circumstances that brought about the development of guidance system weapons in 1944. This paper also discusses in-depth the influential role satellite communication technology had and continues to have in most areas of warfare as well as the importance of global positioning systems (GPS).
From the Paper
"Although the atomic bomb was a revolutionary new weapon, it played no part in World War II until the end, and cannot be said to have had a profound impact on the actual conduct of war since. The effectiveness of nuclear weaponry is so extreme that, were it to be used, the results would be incalculable loss of life and destruction that could produce a complete change in the world as we know it today. It could also be said that the significance of the atomic bomb was in the elimination of warfare among the developed countries, but that has not happened. Instead, wars have continued almost unabated in one part of the world or another since then."
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Budget Airlines, 2006.
A discussion about the effect budget airlines have on the tourist industry.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that the no-frills budget airlines have contributed positively to the tourist industry because of their affordable prices. The paper brings examples of this from Europe and Asia. The paper explains that prices have been driven lower because there is much competition between the various budget airlines. In conclusion, the writer explains why the budget airlines can charge cheaper prices than regular airlines.
From the Paper
"The increase in service that has been brought about by budget airlines has also contributed to the plethora of new routes that have been created. These have resulted in more connectivity between places that had been previously cut-off from air travel. That has further given rise to greater numbers of passengers traveling from various locations and has contributed to tourism. In the past most people had easy access to hotels, restaurants and other tourist attractions that were located nearer to large airports and these were usually very expensive. With budget airlines that fly to cheaper secondary airports it has become more feasible for travelers to find cheaper accommodation and other tourist destinations. For example, Ryanair, the Irish budget carrier, saves costs by flying to inconvenient secondary airports. "At Frankfurt, for instance, it uses Hahn, 38 miles from the city centre and with no rail connection, although Mr. Jean, Ryanair's sales and marketing director says business travelers fly this service nonetheless, to save themselves up to ?400 per ticket." (Cohen, p. 20)"
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The F-22 Raptor - An Investment in America's Future, 2006.
An examination of the pros and cons of continued development and deployment of the F-22 Raptor fighter jet.
4,454 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
The writer explains the history of development of the F-22 Raptor fighter jet. The plane is compared to the existing F-15. The paper reviews the history of spending and the estimates for the cost of project completion. It recaps current arguments for and against the additional spending. The writer concludes that the additional money should be spent to complete and deploy the plane as a strong new addition to the United States' Air Force.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Background of the F-22 Raptor
Current Government Spending
Pros and Cons
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Those in favor of the continued spending on the F-22 argue that without the plane, our tactical air systems will soon be outstripped by technology being developed by potentially hostile countries. Air dominance, they say, has been an instrumental factor in every modern military victory. Without upgrading our current stock of planes, we risk losing our current air dominance.
"Yet others believe that the money is being poorly spent. The Raptor, they argue, has been troubled by design flaws and cost problems. Its development is far behind schedule. Our country's current aircraft commitments equal a meager 10 percent of the nearly 3600 planes in our existing force. The existing planes are the finest and most effective fighter planes in the world. Hence, given the current political environment, the overall spending on F-22 development is unwarranted."
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Cognitive Psychology and Aircraft Technicians, 2006.
Examines how cognitive psychology applies to the occupation of aircraft technician.
4,447 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
How does cognitive psychology apply to the real world, most especially how does it apply to a specific occupation, that of the aircraft technician/mechanic? To answer these questions, this paper examines the meaning of cognitive psychology and the various psychologists who shaped this theory. The paper then explores the skills and duties required to be an aircraft technician.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
What is Cognitive Psychology
Early Twentieth Century
Reemergence Of Cognitive Psychology
The Aircraft Technician's Skills and Duties
How Does Cognitive Psychology Apply toward Understanding the Aircraft Technician's Job?
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Not only must an airplane mechanic know about airplanes, but also he or she must be able to multi-task on a regular basis. An airplane mechanic may be a specialist in airplanes or even certain types of airplanes but the occupation itself requires that the individual have a number of skills and be able to use any one of them at a moments notice. For instance, an airplane mechanic must be able to start and run aircraft in order to perform operational tests using live aircraft engine power. He or she must be able to both tow and service the aircraft. In order to do this, the mechanic must have passed specific licensing requirements."
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The U.S. Journey Into Space, 2006.
This paper details America's progress into space as well as the history of NASA.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper recounts America's path into space exploration beginning in 1920 with Professor Robert Goddard who created a rocket in a vacuum. The writer explains that in the years following it became a race between the U.S. and the Soviets to conquer space, which resulted in NASA being created in 1961. This paper explains the importance of continuing the space program into the future using economical, environmental and political reasonings. The paper also discusses the option of privatization, which would be effective in the reduction of launch costs and the modernization of current facilities.
From the Paper
"Since that first step on the moon, relatively little progress has been made by the United States in the journey into space, beside the commercial ventures. "The reasons that drove our space program and NASA off in the wrong direction are numerous-a lack of leadership from the White House, a skeptical Congress, and taxpayers unconvinced that the space program holds long-term promise for the nation, to name a few." The U.S. is no longer under threat of the Soviets and the motivation has dwindled.
Presently, NASA is engaged in a plan to send man to Mars. First, they will send unmanned craft to "study the planet's soil and atmosphere, analyze rock samples, bring back some rocks to Earth, and determine the suitability of longer-term manned missions." NASA's goal is to send a manned mission in 2014. The delay is due much in part to the neglect of the planet's surface by the Viking mission in 1976, which didn't occur until the Pathfinder probe in 1997."
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Runway Expansion at the San Francisco International Airport, 2006.
This paper discusses the need, environmental impact and alternatives to expanding the runway at San Francisco International Airport (SFO).
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is proposing a runway reconfiguration plan, which would fill more than two square miles of the Bay to allow simultaneous landings in poor weather; however, poor weather accounts for less than 20 percent of the delays at SFO. The author points out that the vast majority of delays are caused by airlines operations such as aggressive scheduling by airlines and slow passenger loading and unloading, aircraft refueling and baggage handling. The paper recommends that SFO can better reduce delays in all weather conditions by spreading arrivals and departures more evenly, using larger planes to reduce the total number of flights and reducing the number of commuter flights.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Objectives for Runway Program
Traffic Impacts
Effects on Environment
Alternatives to Runway Expansion
Adverse Impact on Leisure
Reducing Delays by Cutting Arrival Rates
Implement Modern Technology
Disperse Flight Arrival
Use Other Capacity
Promote Balanced Service
Alternative Transportation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"SFO's runway construction plans include up to two square miles of bay fill. The largest substitute calls for filling 1,332 acres of the bay. By comparison, only 400 acres of the bay have been lost to fill during the last 35 years. The largest runway configurations would also restrict the tidal flow to another 5-6 square miles of bay that would be bounded on three sides. An area of the bay that was likewise enclosed by the existing runways was transformed into mud flats. In all, 8 square miles of bay could be lost to fill, but the impacts on the circulation of the bay may be even inferior. The proposed runways extend far offshore and will impede the tidal flows that flush contaminants from the South Bay. SFO's Science Panel found that with the new runways, "changes in the tidal and sedimentation supply regimes could severely affect the form and ecological function of intertidal habitats throughout the subregion.""
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