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Strategic Management, 2005.
Looks at the management of nursing homes and the federal and state regulations.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the management of nursing homes and the federal and state regulations under which they are operated. It looks at the financial problems they are facing, the nursing regulations, and the politics of nursing home management.
From the Paper
"Nursing homes which receive federal funding must comply with a set of federal regulations which dictate a standard of minimum care to be given ..."
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Staff and Nursing Homes, 2005.
A summary of a research paper on the effects of the staffing mix on patient care in nursing homes.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This is a summary and critique of a research paper about a study of the effect of the staffing mix on patient care and outcomes at nursing homes. The study looked at a range of nursing homes across five states and looked at the effect of having full-time RENs on staff on patient care and outcomes.
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Abuse of the Frail Elderly in Care Environments, 2004.
Develops a proposal for the investigation of the functionally impaired elderly in institutional caregiving environments.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper develops a preliminary research proposal for the investigation of the functionally impaired elderly in institutional caregiving environments. The introduction provides basic information from studies on abuse of the frail elderly by their caregivers at home and in institutional care homes.
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Ethical Issues in Ageing, 2004.
An analysis of three aspects of aging - feeding tubes, euthanasia and the over-powerful nursing home management.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at three aspects of aging: the use of feeding tubes; euthanasia/physician assisted suicide; and the dangers to the elderly by powerful nursing home executives. It describes the characteristics of patients and nursing homes relative to feeding tube use. It then describes experiences with euthanasia and physician assisted suicide in the Netherlands; and then describes what can happen to the elderly who have no one to stand up for them against unfair nursing home practices.
From the Paper
"This paper by Curtin discusses a case study of unethical treatment of an elderly woman living in a retirement community. The woman and her husband both were married for years were very close and financially well-off. They were living in the facility when the..."
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Degeneration Stages of Alzheimer's Disease, 2004.
Reviews the progress of Alzheimer's disease through progressive stages.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the progress of Alzheimer's disease through its progressive stages. It focuses on changes in the cardiovascular system, the circulatory system, and the muscular system, the three major degenerative stages of the disease. Background and description of the disease are also included.
From the Paper
"This paper examined the progress of Alzheimer's disease in patients through three degenerative stages of the disease. In the earlier stages of Alzheimer's disease the most observable effects in the..."
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Congestive Heart Failure, 2006.
A research proposal dealing with issues of effective discharge planning for patients that have suffered congestive heart failure.
3,777 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal for showing how an effective hospital-based discharge planning program can reduce the rates of hospital readmission in elderly patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The paper shows the need for more effective discharge planning programs that will optimally reduce the rate of hospital readmission for elderly patients (clients aged 65 and older) with CHF. The proposal follows a format in which the narrative is put forth, including the problem statement regarding CHF and readmission, research questions that are relevant to these issues, and the background and significance of the issues. The report also includes a limited literature review on the topic, culled from extensive literature available on both effective discharge planning and CHF incidences. The rationale of the study is also addressed, before the report proposal concludes by stating the research methodology that will be chosen for the conducting of actual research, along the lines of having the ultimate goal of improving community health outcomes.
Table of Content
Problem Statement
Research Questions
Background
Literature Review
Rationale
Proposed Methods
From the Paper
"At the same time, from this cost-effectiveness standpoint, hospitals must also realize that cutting corners in regards to effective discharge planning, particularly for CHF patients, can mean short-term gains bringing vastly increased future costs. "Hospital admissions among patients with CHF are a major contributor to health care costs...The program's aims were to make up deficits in health care delivery, improve quality of life, and reduce costs for the health insurance companies (e.g., by reducing the hospitalization rate [Stewart, Marley, and Horowitz, 1999; Whellan et al., 2001; Cline et al., 1998])" (Kottmair et al., 2005). Therefore, from either perspective externally, the importance of effective discharge planning for elderly patients with CHF is underscored in the current healthcare environment, to ensure the continued provision of quality care across the lifespan."
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Alzheimer?s Disease, 2006.
This paper discusses extensively Alzheimer's Disease and its legal implications.
6,350 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 57 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that once a patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, an attorney, especially one specializing in elder law, should be retained to help with planning for the patient before his or her capacity is further diminished thus limiting the input of the patient. The author points out that the American Bar Association defines "incapacity" (1) as being partial or complete, (2) as a legal not a medical standard, (3) which is supported by evidence of functional impairment over time, (4) in which the respondent is likely to suffer substantial harm as a result of his or her specified inability to manage his or her personal or financial affairs and (5) identifying a person by age, eccentricities, poverty or medical diagnosis should not be used instead of a legal finding of incapacity. The author examines, using court cases, issues effected by this diminished capacity such as creating wills, entering into marriage, entering into contracts, crime conviction and civil liability.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Alzheimer's Disease
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Treatment
Effects On Patient's Legal Capacity
Executing a Will
Entering into Marriage
Entering into a Contract
Criminal Responsibility
Civil Responsibility
Legal Implications Thereof
Assessment
Guardianship
Powers of Attorney
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another common tort of Alzheimer's patients is injury to another through physical battery. In Colman, the defendant was liable for her tort although he suffered from senile dementia. The defendant was a resident a home that employed the plaintiff as a recreational therapist. The plaintiff was attacked twice by the defendant and claimed damages for her injuries While the court did mention that in most circumstances it is a matter of public policy to hold the mentally disabled liable for their torts, this is not always the case. The court concluded that the plaintiff was in the best position to protect against harms and dangers that may result from her job."
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Presbyacusis, 2006.
This paper reviews scientific and psychosocial research on the prevention and effects of presbyacusis.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that presbyacusis, hearing loss of older people, which is the most common cause for hearing loss in people over 55, is experienced by a majority of the people because the nerve cells eventually begin to degenerate as people age. The author reviews research projects (1) to stop or reverse this process, (2) to find further methods of curing or preventing presbyacusis and (3) to understand the traumatic psychological experience of presbyacusis not only for the victim but for all his or her family and associates. The paper concludes that, at present, aging persons will continue loosing their hearings, and the only correction they have is a hearing aid.
From the Paper
"The study conducted by Karlson-Espmark, Rosenhall, Erlandson and Steel in 2000 was aimed in describing the psychosocial consequences of hearing loss. The study, conducted in Sweden, used 154 persons ages 70 to 91 with uncontaminated presbyacusis. The study used self-assessment questionnaire plus a 26 item inventory which tested the normality, communication, quality of life and environment. The assessment of normalcy showed that men are less likely to report having hearing loss up to the moment that it had significantly declined. Majority of people showed minor to severe problem with communication which increased hearing loss. Majority of the people did not report many quality of life distractions besides the inability to listen to the music."
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Presbyacusis, 4.
This paper examines scientific and psychosocial research about the prevention and effect of presbyacusis, old age onset hearing loss.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2005 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the majority of people will experience hearing loss to greater or lesser extent as they get older because, with aging, the inner ear (cochlea) containing nerve cells, which convert sound into nervous impulses that are sent to the brain, don't work as well and eventually begin to degenerate. The author points out that most people do not go completely deaf and the severity of the hearing loss varies from person to person of the same age. The paper examines some research projects, whose apparent success might provide hope that one day hearing loss will no longer be associated with old age and can be reversed; another study describes the psychosocial consequences of hearing loss, which indicated that the majority of the people with presbyacusis did not report many quality of life distractions besides the inability to listen to the music. Glossary.
From the Paper
"Research was conducted by using senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) that develop progressive hearing loss at an early age. Mice were irradiated with 9Gy and later injected with 4x10 bone marrow cells from 2-month-old mice. After three months, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured in order to evaluate the progress of hearing loss. It was noted that mice showed age-related hearing impairment above 2000Hz. After ABR and splenectomy five mice from experimental and control group were subject to further procedures, involving "intracardiac perfusion with saline followed by periodate-lysin-paraform aldehyde fixation and decalcification at 4 degrees C .in 5% buffered ethylene diaminetetra-acetate for seven days." The results showed that the immune system in mice was reconstituted by the donor cells and the age-related impairment of T-cell function is corrected. The age-related auditory response is also ameliorated after the manipulations."
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Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, 2005.
A comprehensive scientific description of postmenopausal osteoporosis, its physiological causes and current available treatments.
1,807 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper includes a description about the effects of postmenopausal osteoporosis on the American public. It compares normal bone function to the changes that happen during post-menopause in women that cause osteoporosis. It outlines current treatment methods, urging for more research into therapy treatment methods.
From the Paper
"Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and bone quality. In the United States, 26% of women over the age of 65, and 50% of women over the age of 85, have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes over 1.5 million fractures a year and is responsible for billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The U.S. Surgeon General reported that calcium, vitamin D supplementation and physical activity are among the first steps in fracture prevention from osteoporosis. Pharmacotherapy has also been shown to provide substantial reduction in fracture risk over only a treatment program of calcium and vitamin D supplementation."
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Carers and the Elderly, 2003.
A look at the interactional dynamics between professional healthcare providers and the receivers of the care.
1,737 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
A great deal of research has been done into the way the younger generation addresses the elderly. This paper looks into the range of tactics used as well as how the way that a carer communicates with their elderly patient says a great deal about their own personal views and opinions. In particular, it examines how Coupland, N et al (1991) investigate this issue through presenting the theories of Ryan et al.
From the Paper
"The first of Ryan et al's (cited in Coupland, N et al 1991) strategies which is often chosen by younger people is overaccomodation due to physical or sensory handicaps (Coupland, Coupland and Giles 1991). In this instance the speaker adapts their speech beyond the optimal level, thus showing that they assume the receiver is handicapped in some way. A common example of this is where people speak especially loud to an elderly person. This shows how a majority of the elderly are perceived as having impaired hearing. The main aim of such a strategy is to ensure an effective, interpretable form of communication, however from another perspective such an approach may be seen as patronising and unnecessary."
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The Rapid Population Debate, 2006.
This essay summarizes in the debates between population "pessimists" and "optimists" over the last 200 years, including the main causes and consequences of population growth in Asia and Africa over the last 500 years.
1,031 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper details the steady increase in the world's population in the last 100 years and explains how the advancement of modern medicine has allowed people to survive longer with cheaper, effective treatment. It explains that it is not just the West who can enjoy these benefits, many poorer countries have improved and more accessible healthcare, resulting in longer lifespan and improved reproduction.
From the Paper
"This steady population growth has dramatic consequences on the world, some good, and some bad. The benefits of having more people on the planet means that there is a greater pool of labour, and we can see that it benefits big companies such as Nike who set up sweat shops in countries in Asia and Africa and who exploit the large number of unemployed people. But one of the biggest criticisms of having a large population is the environmental impact it has on the planet, having more people in the world leads to more demand of resources, some of which are depleting rapidly."
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Problems Faced by the Elderly, 2005.
A discussion of the problems that elderly people face everyday in America.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problems faced by the elderly population in American society. It explains that the elderly are mostly living alone and have to deal with the problems of care when ill. The most pressing problem for most elderly is the issue of health-care and medical coverage which most of them do not have. The paper also examines the issue of quality care and finding the right caregiver when the time arises.
From the Paper
"Quality is also an important factor that is too often overlooked by healthcare professionals. Quality refers to the quality of care and communication established in the healthcare environment between the healthcare professional and the client. It refers to the technological sophistication and technical expertise of the care, as well as the quality of the relationship that is more personal between the patient and the professional, which is based on concepts like trust and empathy. Patients are not going to perceive quality care,
even if the healthcare environment has the most up-to-date methods and technological means of assistance, unless they are able to perceive that someone really cares about them in the process. That is, there is more to quality care than the technical aspects of care, and many people in the healthcare environment currently do not realize this, and think that technical proficiency alone is enough. They need to expand the definition of quality care."
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The Medicare Crisis, 2005.
A paper discussing the future of Medicare in relation to the increasing costs of Medicare in the healthcare system.
4,200 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This report takes a look at how Medicare impacts the American healthcare system and attempts to answer questions about the future of Medicare. The paper also touches upon issues affecting the elderly regarding present problems in Medicare and future problems that are foreseen. In addition, this report looks at both present and future possibilities with regard to Medicare by looking at present risks and then makes conclusions and recommendations for both future research and for programmatic change and advocacy in healthcare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Issues Under Investigation
Research Questions
Literature Review
Analysis
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another issue associated with this topic is that one of the reasons that many older individuals are not prepared to face the costs of long-term care is because they think it is already fully covered by Medicare. Public education needs to be an important part of the insurance process, but often older individuals are confused by the plethora of insurance options and split coverage that are offered to them. Adding to this confusion, many older individuals assume that Medicare is prepared to give them long-term care allowances over sixty days. "A major obstacle to the development of long-term care insurance is the widespread misperception that Medicare and private health insurance policies that supplement Medicare cover long-term care, when in fact they do not...People must be educated concerning their need for private long-term care insurance" (Atchley, 2000, p. 367). Long-term care can be very expensive for those individuals who are not prepared to face these costs."
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Alzheimer's, 2005.
A discussion about problems surrounding Alzheimer's disease.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Alzheimer's which is a disease that attacks the brain's nerve cells and causes loss of memory, thinking and language. Unfortunately, Alzheimer's disease hits many adults when they get older. The paper explains that it is the leading cause of dementia and is a condition in which the nerve cells of the brain die, which prevents the signals or messages of the brain not be transmitted in a proper manner. This paper analyzes how this disorder affects its victims and predicts that there will a cure or a way to prevent it in the future.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's is the leading cause of dementia in adults. As a matter of fact it is responsible for 70% of all dementia disorders. As Weiten noted, "A dementia is an abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment." (p.460) The worst part about it is that there is no known cure for it. It is believed to first be found in the early 1900s. "Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician, first described the disease in 1906. He observed in the autopsy of a woman with dementia two kinds of abnormal structures in the brain that are now recognized as hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease--amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles."(Alzheimer's Association, 2005) That is where the name of the disease came from, it was named after the doctor who first learned about this dementia."
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Alzheimers Disease, 2005.
A report looking at the client population of those who have Alzheimer's disease.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This report identifies and recognizes the population of individuals dealing with the condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The paper describes the impact that a diagnosis of AD can have on the person diagnosed and the caretakers of that person, the type of support and service people with AD and their families receive and the inadequacies of that service and what can be done to improve the service and support.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's Disease not only affects millions of individuals in America, but it is also one of the leading causes of death in the old population. And providing long-term care for Alzheimer's can be problematic in terms of both personal and economic cost, as the disease does not show improvement as it progresses and is even not covered by many supplemental insurance plans because it is cost-prohibitive. Medicare and other insurance options must be tailored to treat Alzheimer's with attention not just to the older client population who are suffering from the disease, but to support staff and family member who must also cope with it. A holistic pattern should be expanded in this respect to give care to the client population suffering from Alzheimer's as well as their spouses, who may be emotionally and mentally effected, family, who may be daunted by the prohibitive nature of the disease, and healthcare professionals, who may see the disease as unbeatable and respond inappropriately in the level of care being given to the client themselves."
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The Aging Baby Boom Generation, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of peer-review journals and professional publications to explore the impact of the aging baby boomers on the future healthcare system.
8,185 words (approx. 32.7 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the aging baby boom generation, who are characterized by prevention and wellness values resulting in longer life expectancy, will have a significant effect on the number of elderly needing long-term healthcare services. The author stresses that the Medicare system does not provide protection against catastrophic or long-term events, many drugs and prevention services, all of which will be needed by the aging baby boom generation. The paper concludes that, along with the concern for this cohort, there is the continued need for the entire population--the rich and the poor, the young and the old--to have healthcare coverage; the social system may offer the most adequate solution.
Table of Contents
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope or Delimitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Overview
Aging Trends For Baby Boomers
Future of Healthcare Funding
Future Healthcare Costs
Future Healthcare Funding
Changing Ratios Between Current and Future Funding Contributors
Access to Services
Medicare, Current Access to Care
Changes Needed for Care Access
Healthcare's Future
New Demands For Care
Quality of Care
Baby Boomers Define Care
Current Changes and Future Possibilities in Care Quality
Baby Bloomers Are Dissatisfied
Baby Bloomers Want More
Long-term Care
More Information Availability
Alternative Therapies
Summary
Conclusion
Implication of the Study
Position of the Author
From the Paper
"Baby boomers have redefined quality of care, demanding preventative measures for optimal health. This generation demands more service, more information, and more options. Since they are the largest buying population, they have changed the healthcare system and will continue to do so. Among the changes needed is improvement in long-term-care coverage. Private insurance for this coverage has increased but presents problems such as how to market a high-cost policy to those with little money. Public-private partnerships are another alternative. However, this type of assistance may end up raising Medicare costs without offering enough assistance to the public. Social insurance is also discussed. In this case the costs would be disbursed among the total population, including those 65 years and older."
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Depression and Dementia, 2006.
A look at coexisting depression and dementia treatment approaches for the elderly.
4,194 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
Dementia coexisting with depression increases the challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Pharmacological, behavioral, or social support interventions may delay the need for nursing home placement or institutionalization. This paper examines how the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. It proposes a study to determine whether patients with coexisting depression and dementia can be effectively treated with less inpatient care.
Outline
Introduction
Background and Significance
Preliminary Studies
Research Methodology
Human Subjects Protocol
Administration and Timetable
Limitations of this Study
From the Paper
"Dementia associated with depression increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Many individuals with AD become depressed because they are aware of loosing their cognitive abilities and because of life circumstances and environmental changes. Research studies continue to work towards developing a cure or treatment strategies for AD and related dementias; however, depression often goes undiagnosed. Depression coexisting with dementia accelerates loss of autonomy (Ritchie & Lovestone, 2002, p. 8). Undiagnosed depression in people with AD and other dementias is a problem, especially since depression is treatable."
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Dementia, Depression and Substance Abuse, 2005.
Explores the difficulties of treating and caring for someone suffering from dementia combined with alcohol or substance abuse.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Dementia, allied with depression and alcohol or substance abuse, increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are the most recognized types of alcohol-dementia. The paper shows that symptoms of alcohol or substance abuse can be disguised as depression, dementia or other problems associated with aging. Dementia is a condition that does not have a cure; however, depression and alcohol or substance abuse are treatable and may reverse some types of dementia. The paper shows that the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies, which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. Disease case management along with effective outpatient treatment approaches may postpone or reduce nursing home placement.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Dementia Allied with Depression and Alcohol or Substance Abuse
Dementia
Depression
Dementia and Depression
Substance Abuse
Alcohol-Related Dementia
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Depression coexisting with dementia has often been overlooked because of the emphasis on distinguishing the two conditions; however, it should be recognized that depression is a shared concomitant of dementia (Woods, 2001, p. S10). Depression may be a predictor of some forms of dementia and is considered a major health risk in the elderly (Tierney, Boyle, Lam, & Szalai, 1999, p. 1). Studies show that depression is the most common psychiatric disease in individuals 65 years and older, commonly occurring in more than 30% of the frail and disabled elderly (Polidori, Menculini, Senin, & Mecocci, 2001, p. 533)."
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