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Performance Indicators, 2007.
This paper examines the usefulness of performance indicators.
2,298 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses and defines performance indicators. The writer then explores the importance of performance indicators to businesses, including the business of managing professional athletes.
The writer explains that in the business world a key performance indicator helps a business to define and measure progress toward its goals. Further, the writer notes that in the sports management business, a client's key performance indicator helps the agent reach higher goals, and those goals are to maximize the lucrative nature of the client's earnings and marketability.
From the Paper
"In fact, when clients represented by Scott Boras - big league baseball's must successful agent - put up flashing, impressive performance indicators, Boras smiles all the way to the bank. The sports management professional lives or dies on the performance indicators of his client.
Take for example Angels' star rookie, Jered Weaver, a client of Boras. As of August 10, 2006, Weaver was 7-0 with a sparkling ERA of 2.20.
Those are the key performance indicators that sports management agents love to see, because rookies aren't supposed to come in fresh out of college and take the league by storm.
Weaver has walked only 16 batters in 65 innings, but he has fanned 50. For a rookie, that is hot. But then Weaver, the younger brother of Jeff (who is having a poor year vis-a-vis performance indicators), arrived in the big leagues with great performance indicators in college, Long Beach State (LBS)."
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Parents and Sports, 2007.
This paper examines the effects over-controlling sports parents have on their children.
2,495 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how a parent's support role is significantly correlated with a child's physical activity. Parents definitely influence their child's sports achievement and motivation in a number of ways. The paper examines how social rewards actually help increase a child's motivation and achievement, but the paper points out that an over-involved parent may ultimately hinder a child's enjoyment and achievement. The paper contends that too many parents have unrealistic expectations of college scholarships and professional contracts. The paper maintains that with parents placing more emphasis on winning, playing just for the love of the game may be a thing of the past.
From the Paper
"Adults, particularly parents and coaches, are important role models for a child, and can help instill achievement-oriented attitudes, behavior, and values (Power). Parents have a major influence on the developing attitude and behavior of their child, and research suggests that the aspects of parenting that influence a child's achievement in academic settings are equally important when applied to sport (Power). Adults that are totally accepting of a child, regardless of his/her effort or performance, may fail to provide the child with the feedback that is essential to improve and achieve (Power)."
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Athletics in Schools, 2006.
This paper examines the history of athletics and physical education programs in schools in the U.S.A.
2,625 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, established in 1885, the Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAPE), which was comprised mainly of medical doctors, is now referred to as the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. The author points out that the profession has undergone many changes, attaining identification as a 'scientific' sub-specialty such as "exercise physiology". The paper includes topics about equal opportunities ,under the implementation of Title IX, and the benefits of physical education such as increased self-esteem, sense of accomplishment and moral reasoning.
From the Paper
"During the 1960s, an era when change characterized all aspects of society, traditional curriculum requirements in all areas of were challenged, including basic physical education requirements. Graduate education was critically examined, and James Bryant Conant's 1959 report on the American high school characterized graduate programs in the physical education as an "example of the worst, among many that were less than adequate." Urged by Conant and Franklin Henry for an academic discipline of physical education, physical education began to move toward improving the study of the discipline."
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Sports Marketing, 2007.
An analysis of the alternative forms of sports marketing to television promotions.
1,933 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the industry of sports marketing. In particular, the paper explores alternative methods to television promotion for advertising, due to the high costs of this method of sports promotion. The paper concludes that a strong promotional mix that includes telemarketing, print, volunteer work and the Internet should be able to garner as strong a promotional response as television promotions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Promotional Tools In General
Alternatives To Television
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another excellent method of promotion for sports organizations on small budgets is volunteer work. If members of the sports organizations sign up for and donate hours to non profit community projects the local news media and print media will pick it up and through the stories told the organization will be promoted free of charge. One organization that often has help through sports organizations is the Habitat for Humanity Organization. This organization builds houses by hand for under-privileged citizens to purchase from the organization at low or no interest loans. If members of sports organizations come out to help with the building of the home the news channels flock to cover the event."
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Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations, 2007.
This paper explores labor relations and collective bargaining agreements in major league sports.
3,568 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses labor relations and the relative merits or weaknesses of certain collective bargaining agreements. The paper explains that when an employer and a union representative engage in a bilateral decision making process, it is termed labor contract negotiations, or more recently a collective bargaining situation. The paper relates that the effect of the collective bargaining agreements on major league sports in the United States has been very significant to all labor relations. The paper offers a recent example of the uses of collective bargaining as was seen in the application of a contract for the players of the National Football League. The paper concludes that ultimately, the advent of the collective bargaining agreement within sports has been beneficial since it decreases the number of strikes and lockouts and keeps the players, owners and fans happy.
From the Paper
"For many years, players of team sports were not considered to be workers who labored in a way that would be covered by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). In fact, in 1922, the Supreme Court stated that baseball clubs were accepted from anti-trust regulations and this effectively thwarted any attempts by baseball players to unionize for even the most basic protections. What one must remember is that these sports teams, while generally only focusing on the players, have other employees and so sport protection came with the allowance of the baseball players to engage in collective bargaining in 1969."
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College Athletes, 2006.
A discussion regarding the compensation of student athletes.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the hypocrisy of a system that prohibits student athletes, many of whom devote more than a full-time workweek to their sport outside of classes, from being compensated for their efforts outside of free school-related items like tuition and books. According to the paper, the college system has become inundated with corruption regarding payments and perks offered to players, more and more athletes are electing to skip college or at least a year of it altogether in favor of going professional, and demands on athletes are becoming more and more time-consuming and stringent.
From the Paper
"One critic of the current system has even suggested that paying athletes is a basic human rights issue of underpaid (rather, unpaid) workers and said that even if students' pay is put into a trust fund for after graduation, at least the athletes will have been reimbursed for their efforts (Kirkpatrick 1995). Students who participate in work-study programs at their universities naturally expect to be, and are, reimbursed for their efforts at the school. In a similar manner, student-athletes perform a valuable service for the university and should be compensated accordingly. Many opponents of this policy noted that most college athletics programs do not turn a profit; granted, women's tennis may not be a significant spectator sport at many colleges, but that does not mean that the national champion football team did not bring in upwards of $100 million in merchandise, television rights, and ticket sales."
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Creatine Use in Sport, 2007.
An analysis of the impact of creatine use on heat-related deaths in sports.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, although the research remains inconclusive on the issue, some observers have suggested that creatine use by young people adversely affects heat tolerance during exercise and therefore contributes to heat-related deaths in sports. To this end, this paper provides a review of the refereed literature to develop a background of heat-related injuries and the impact of creatine use on heat-related deaths. A summary of the research and salient findings is presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Impact of Creatine Use on Young Athletes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why young athletes may be less heat tolerant during periods of exercise in hot, dry environments than their adult counterparts. According to Haymes, exercising in hot environments means that many children will achieve their maximal heart rates during periods of moderate-intensity exercise, but girls tend to experience more heat-related problems. While some studies have shown that the incidence of heat-related injuries was approximately the same in girls and boys during the summer months, there are some physiological differences that may play a role in contributing to higher rates of heat-related injuries for girls than boys (Haymes, 2003)."
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Physical Education, 2007.
This paper presents a detailed examination of physical education as a profession.
3,030 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the history of physical education, within the school systems as well as the views about the profession. The writer examines why children need physical education and debates the current duties of a physical education teacher compared to past duties. The writer presents a defense of the physical education teaching profession using solid research and current trends. The writer concludes that while there has been a perceptual issue in the past about the professionalism of a physical education teacher, that perception has changed in recent years. The writer maintains that today, physical education teachers are dedicated to not only teaching sports to their students, but also to the instilling a lifelong understanding of the importance of physical fitness and health.
Outline:
Introduction
What Has Changed
The PE Teacher Today
A Nation Divided
Why
Proof- It is a Work Profession
Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For many years physical education teachers were considered the "easy" teachers. They dragged out a dodge ball and watched the students play until the bell rang. More recently however the medical field has convinced society of the importance of physical exercise and maintaining physical fitness. When this happened the physical education teacher became much more important in the total picture of education. Today, physical education is a vital part of education. The physical education teacher provides a life long foundation for fitness and health that will allow the student to maintain the ability to pursue the career and personal interests that the other subjects train them for. Physical education teaching used to be considered a profession of leisure but today it is highly respected as its rightful profession of work."
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Steroids, 2006.
A report regarding the use of steroids in professional sports.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of steroids in professional sports. According to the paper, as sports get more competitive, more athletes are turning to steroid drugs to assist them in gaining and/or maintaining the edge. The paper reports that the most common type of steroid is anabolic or anabolic-androgenic which is created from the male hormone testosterone.
From the Paper
"Women experience a "masculinization" due to the male hormones taken into the body (ESPN). Women also experience baldness problems along with breast reduction, deepened voice, and the growth of facial hair (NIDA).
Both sexes can experience a variety of other problems such as acne, weight gain, liver damage, increased change of heart problems, increased cholesterol and tendon damage (ESPN). Adolescence may experience even more difficult problems. Particularly, steroids can stop growth early which means that the growth spurt that comes in the late teens may be eliminated resulting in a shorter adult (NIDA). Additional physical problems may result from the way the drugs are taken. Since many are injected into the body, hepatitis and HIV can be passed through needles (ESPN)."
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Exercise, Your Health and Disease, 2006.
A discussion regarding exercise and its effects on health and disease.
5,473 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the American public's 'psyche' on health consciousness. The paper centers on the role that exercise plays in achieving a healthy body and psyche, not to mention satisfying an individual's aspirations to achieve the same standards of healthiness, as "dictated" and illustrated by the health-conscious culture of today's American society.
Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem/ Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Synthesis: Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Level of Health Consciousness
Level of Engagement in Exercise/Physical Activities
From the Paper
"The significance of this study centers on the capability of exercise to go beyond its scope--that, on the event that an individual is involved with a physical activity, it is inevitable that other parts of the body will also be exercised and benefit from it. Tanaka's study provided only one case of how exercise influences the body's health holistically; but this case already established the usefulness of exercise in helping develop a holistically fit physical body form.
While it is important to exercise in order to maintain a physically fit body, a more important objective in exercising is that it is the cheapest and most manageable way to prevent being afflicted with illnesses or diseases, such as cancer, heart diseases, organ ailments, among others. These afflictions mostly develop from an inactive lifestyle, devoid of any physical activities or body-benefitting physical activities, in addition to improper diet."
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Injured Knees, 2007.
This paper discusses knee injuries and the treatments involved for such injuries.
1,998 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that knee injuries are one of the most common human injuries, especially with regard to sports injuries. The paper discusses each type of knee injury, including a brief description of the injury and a basic description of the surgical procedure used to correct it. The paper also describes the rehabilitation expected, the time frame for recovery and the types of strengthening programs suggested. This includes ultrasounds, stem machines and ice and heat. The paper relates what kind of weight training can be done prior to surgery to improve the injury, or simply maintain the strength of the knee in preparation for surgery.
Outline:
Introduction
Types of Knee Injuries
Surgery
Recovery
From the Paper
"Most ACL injuries occur during jumping which are commonly non-contact deceleration-valgus-external rotation injuries like those that occur while involved in gymnastics or while playing basketball. Cutting of the ACL ligaments also occurs when sports equipment like the cleats of other players or a ski breaks the bands that hold the ACL system together. More than 70% of all knee injuries include an ACL injury. Forced hyperextension and deceleration-internal rotation are less common but when they occur they can also involve the PCL, often occuring in women and young girls."
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Extreme Sports Facilities, 2006.
A review of the issues that local authorities should consider when providing extreme sports facilities.
3,889 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the risks and dangers involved in extreme sports. The paper discusses how the authorities that build extreme sports facilities should take these factors into into careful consideration. According to the paper, a lot of accidents and unfortunate incidents could be avoided if the facilities are properly built and cared for.
Outline:
Introduction - Popularity and Risk
Budgeting
Planning
Input from Athletes
Construction
Land
Maintenance
Liability
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Because of these kinds of risks, some towns and cities do not want to have anything to do with facilities for extreme sports, but when local authorities refuse to plan or create these kinds of facilities the people that engage in these extreme sports often try to find other places to practice their skills. This can be extremely dangerous, because practice is most often done in the streets or around buildings. When skateboards, rollerbladers, and others practice in the streets of their neighborhood, they run the risk of being hit by a car, and they also risk the lives of others that may swerve to avoid an accident and then hit something or someone else.
When these athletes practice around buildings or in public parks, there is less danger of being struck by a vehicle, but they can injure themselves very easily on railings, steps, and other areas, and they can also run into, knock over, or otherwise damage other people that may be in that area at the time. Many cities now have ordinances against biking, skateboarding, or rollerblading on sidewalks and other areas, such as walking paths in public parks. This is good for others, but unfortunate for those that want and need a place to practice. Because of these kinds of ordinances, it has become clear that these athletes are rapidly running out of areas to practice and perfect what they do, but yet many local authorities in cities and towns all across the United States still have done nothing to give these people facilities where they can do what they do and be as safe as possible, and where they do not present a danger to others that might be passing by. "
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Baseball Player Salaries, 2007.
This paper discusses whether professional baseball players should receive pay based on their game performance.
3,105 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of collective bargaining, free-agency, arbitration, owner/player relations and salary structure all from the perspective of human resources. The paper reviews relevant literature and explains that the methods being utilized in major league baseball for basing players' pay provides the players with motivation to increase their marginal revenue product (MRP) so that the owners will have a basis for increasing their salaries in future negotiations. This study concludes that the performance of a player in major league baseball is a fair and equitable method to use for the basis of a player's salary.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Review Of The Literature
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Fields (2001) many and often are the debates surrounding the issue of whether professional baseball players are actually worth the exorbitant salaries they are paid. Stated is: "A recent report from the Independent Members of the Commissioner's Blue Ribbon Panel on Baseball Economics concluded that from 1995-99 only three teams (Cleveland, Colorado, and New York Yankees) achieved profitability (Levin et al. 2000). These factors have resulted in arguments for revenue sharing, a tax on clubs with payrolls over a fixed threshold, and other measures to attempt to lower players' salaries.""
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The Arabian Horse Breed, 2007.
A discussion on whether the Arabian horse breed is superior to other horse breeds.
1,678 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper examines whether the fact that Arabian horses have fewer bones means that they are superior horses. The writer proposes that their superiority is subjective. The paper explains how the Arabian has fewer bones, with many horse experts and breeders preferring the Arabian. The paper analyzes whether the fewer-boned horse has advantages over the other horses in the field.
From the Paper
"One of the things that allows the Arabian to be very good at endurance riding is the fact that the hind legs are "remarkably free" in their ability to move and be limber, Edwards explains in the book. The tail of the Arabian is set very high in the croup, and while moving, the tail of the Arabian "is carried arched and well up," a point horse experts notice when discussing the style which the horse shows while running."
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Athletic Burnout, 2007.
An investigation of the incidence, causes and treatments for burnout among American high school athletic trainers.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of burnout in educational settings in general and in physical fitness settings in particular. The paper provides a discussion of the various causes of burnout among high school athletic trainers. The paper offers an analysis of the available and recommended interventions that can be used to help athletic trainers who experience burnout. The paper concludes that there is a very real risk that the importance of a well-balanced physical fitness regimen may be overlooked. The paper contends that Americans owe it to the schools, the teachers and the students to ensure that physical education professionals, including athletic trainers, are provided with the resources they need to do an important job in 21st century high schools.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, though, physical educational professionals in general and athletic trainers in particular may be susceptible to the problems associated with the condition termed "burnout" by the experts, to denote people who have experienced more than they can handle in the workplace. Certainly, there may be (and usually are) other factors involved in these cases, but the teaching profession has been found to be a particularly stressful one, and the stressors associated with the profession in general are especially concentrated in high school physical fitness settings where athletic trainers may be under constant pressure to win sporting events because of the importance of these events for some high schools."
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College Athletics, 2007.
This paper looks at athletics within the college system and discusses the issue of paying college athletes.
1,332 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first looks at the amateur status of college athletes and discusses how they are forbidden from profiting from their performances. The writer also discusses the early departure of college athletes for professional leagues. Further, the writer examines the hypocrisy of a system that prohibits student athletes, many of whom devote more than a full-time workweek to their sport outside of classes, from being compensated for their efforts outside of free school-related items like tuition and books. The writer points out that the college system has become inundated with corruption regarding payments and perks offered to players, more and more athletes are electing to skip college or at least a year of it altogether in favor of going professional, and demands on athletes are becoming more and more time-consuming and stringent. The writer maintains that permitting athletes to be paid for performance could alleviate all of these issues as well as help preserve what traditionalists refer to as the "purity" of the college game.
From the Paper
"The first of these issues is the "amateur status" of college athletes; they are forbidden from profiting for their performances. Despite this, many universities sign foreign players who may have been paid for performance in their native countries. This issue could be completely averted if the NCAA were to switch to a pay-for-play system that basis players' eligibility on their talent and ability rather than their salary history. Resources spent verifying amateur status and payment sources could be spent where they rightly belong--benefiting the student athletes who make up these programs."
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'For the Love Of It: Amateuring and Its Rivals', 2006.
A look at the concept of amateurism, as explored at length by Wayne C. Booth in his book 'For the Love Of It: Amateuring and Its Rivals'.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book 'For the Love Of It: Amateuring and Its Rivals' by Wayne C. Booth. According to this paper, Booth explores the concept of amateurism, the amateur that pursues the given task or discipline for the love of doing so and not for pecuniary rewards. This paper discusses how the amateur pursues any discipline or skill for its own sake.
From the Paper
"Booth discusses the issue beginning with reference to music and how the disappearance of amateurism in the traditional sense has altered the kind of music that is even written. He cites Daniel Barenboim to the effect that chamber music has been disappearing in part because it was "linked to playing music in private homes -- not only by amateurs, but by professionals, too. Now people have less time, and a great interest in passive musical appreciation and listening" (Booth, 1999, p. 15). Booth discusses the issue in terms of his own experience, noting how he started playing the cello when he was 31 years old and then experiencing decades of disappointment and frustration as well as hours of happiness while playing. Being an amateur himself, he sought to know more about the idea of and practice of amateurism and traces the concept through different manifestations and different types of activity, finding in particular that the idea has long held sway in music and in sport more than in other disciplines."
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Walking Experiment, 2005.
This paper is a complete simple experiment measuring the relative physical intensity rates related to stride requirements for level and inclined planes.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper is a report of a simple experiment to familiarize the student with the process of doing and reporting research. The author reports that the procedure for the study, using twelve volunteer subjects ranging in age from 18 years to 24 years, consists of walking experiments on a sidewalk situated on a mild 15-degree hill and a treadmill set at a comparably difficult pace, with measurement by a pedometer. The paper reports that the results of the study did confirm the hypothesis that walking uphill on an inclined sidewalk would require approximately the same amount of time within a statistically significant measure as walking on comparably set treadmills situated indoors. Many tables and graphs included. Includes a Power Point presentation of the study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Procedure
Results
Sidewalk
Treadmill
Correlations: Pearson 2-tailed
Conclusion
Appendix A: Sample Worksheet for Field Data Collection
Appendix B: Power-Point Presentation
From the Paper
"The stopwatch was also stopped at this point by the researcher and the time required to take this many steps recorded on a worksheet by the researcher who was present and observing the experiments (a sample copy of such a worksheet is attached at Appendix A). In the event of inclement weather such as rain, snow or other elements that would impede the sidewalk field experiment, the walk should be postponed to another day with better weather; furthermore, attacks by stray dogs, interference by bystanders or other pedestrians or acts of God will invalidate any given subject's walk, which would then have to be repeated to ensure the reliability of the results. "
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NBA Players' Dress Code, 2006.
An essay on the new NBA dress regulations arguing that professional basketball players must be dressed appropriately in public.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how very few professionals have the right to express themselves while they are on the job, that even actors and actresses sport the 'uniform' of their trade. The writer argues that basketball is a highly competitive team sport, and is, moreover, uniquely American and so for players to, almost universally, adopt an image that conveys the lowest common denominator of American life, the ghetto, which supposedly honors its unfortunate racial history, is therefore ridiculous. The writer further argues that the NBA players are highly paid professionals, charged de facto with presenting an image that the world will find attractive and uplifting and so asking the players to present a clean-cut image, particularly in these troubling times, seems little enough to ask of people getting paid multiple millions because they are exceedingly tall and can play a child's game.
Table of Contents:
Why a Dress Code, Why Now?
Dress Codes in Professional Settings and Sports
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not everyone is as much in favor of the rule as the Chicago student. Terry Boyd, a "hip-hop professor' at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, accuses the NBA of wanting to have it both ways. They want, he says, to hire players who come from a hip-hop environment, but then they want to demonstrate, by choosing attire that might be worn by Commissioner David Stern and not street-wise players, that Stern, and not the players, is in charge of the league (Cholo, 2005). The brother of the student in favor of the code opposes it, contending that it is insulting to hip-hop; more cogently, he points out that the "NBA makes money off hip-hop" (Cholo, 2005). Indeed, rappers Nelly and Jay Z "are part owners of basketball teams" (Cholo, 2005)."
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