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High School Drug Testing, 2002.
Examining arguments for and against testing of high school students for drugs and alcohol. Focus is placed on athletes at sporting events.
2,514 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and discusses each side of the drug testing argument, showing that each has its good and bad points. The argument to have no drug testing and the argument to have random drug testing are discussed only briefly, since the paper argues that there can be only one 'right' answer to the drug testing question. The writer claims that in a public high school setting it is the school's right to test for drugs in its athletes if the students have been notified and the date of testing is known.
From the Paper
"Recently, the debate over whether high school athletes could be tested for illegal drugs has gotten more heated. There are not two, but three sides to this tricky and complex argument. One side says that high school athletes should never be drug tested for any reason, one side says that high school athletes should be able to be drug tested at any time, based on the discretion of the teacher or coach, and one side says that scheduled drug testing of high school students should be acceptable but random testing should not be. Why the distinction between scheduled and random testing?"
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The Science of Baseball, 2002.
This paper explores the use of physics in the sport of baseball, claiming that the study of physics contributes to the improvement of the game.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with some introductory remarks about the science of physics and by attempting to clear up some misconceptions regarding the way that pitchers throw balls. It then turns to discuss the storage of baseballs in a giant humidor and the effect of humidity on the motion of baseballs. It explores the materials used to make baseball bats and looks at their velocity. The paper concludes with an explanation of the new computer system introduced for the 2002 baseball season and a look at the involvement of physicists and engineers in evaluating this system.
From the Paper
"According to some scientists, pitchers would defy the law of physics if the balls were actually thrown the way they were described. These scientist say a curve ball doesn?t actually curve, just appears to do so. They also say a rising fast ball is mislabeled ?since a ball thrown overhand can?t rise (NPR, 1993).? They say players and announcers are incorrect when they say a ball hops, slides or hisses, since it is scientifically impossible, though they will admit a ball can sink a little. Scientists are quick to point out that a waist-high fast ball doesn?t actually rise when it hits your chin, but the hit occurs because the ball doesn?t fall as much as you predict it will. Announcers and players will disagree with these physicists, however, because they accept these concepts on faith and not science (NPR, 1993)."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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Latino Baseball Players, 2002.
This paper is a discussion of Latino players in major league baseball.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the struggles that Latino players in major league baseball have faced over the years. The writer discusses the beginnings of Latino players in professional baseball, beginning in 1954 and continuing through the surge that began in the 1980s. The paper also discusses how the influx of Latino players has increased baseball's popularity in Spanish-speaking countries worldwide which in turn has impacted upon the numbers of Latino youth seeking to play professional baseball in the United States. Another area that the paper touches upon is how the increasing numbers of Latino players has opened up the doors to a small, but growing number of Latino managers in the major leagues. The writer also examines the struggles that these players faced in the early days, when Latino players were fewer in number.
From the Paper
"As more Latino players move into the majors, Latino managers are making their mark, too. Felipe Alou was recently hired by the San Francisco Giants to take over the manager job vacated by Dusty Baker after the World Series. "Alou was also the fourth Latin American manager born in the Caribbean Islands, the other are Mike Gonz?lez, Preston G?mez and Cookie Rojas all from Cuba. Later Tany P?rez (Cuba)and Tony Pe?a (Dominican Republic) became the fifth and sixth respectively" (Pi-Gonz?lez). Alou was also the first Latino to manage an All-Star game in 1995."
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The Film, "Rudy", 2002.
This paper discusses the sociological concepts presented in the inspirational movie "Rudy", the true story of Rudy Ruettiger.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the film "Rudy", the story of a small, working class boy who overcame his primary (father) and secondary (teacher) socialization factors to fulfill his dream of becoming a Notre Dame football player. The paper discusses that upon making this decision, Rudy surrounded himself with individuals who helped him attain his goals. The author believes that "Rudy" is a testament to the power of individual will over the powerful and myriad forces of socialization.
From the Paper
"Unremarkably, Rudy decided to take a job in the local steel mill after college. At the mill, his close friend died from a horrible accident, and Rudy was reminded of the frailty of human life. He reexamined his life, and somehow, managed to set aside the limits that others had place on him. He tried to become a football player for the famous Notre Dame, his childhood idol."
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Sports Agents, 2002.
An examination into what is required to become a successful sports agent.
3,214 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the profession of the sports agent. It looks at what it takes to become a respected player agent; including registration and certification requirements. It shows how one of the major roles of a sports agent is contract negotiation and discusses this topic in detail. It concludes with the expected future and development in this field.
From the Paper
"Commonly, the terms ?sports agent?, ?player agent?, ?sports or contract representative? and ?contract advisor? are used interchangeably (vill.edu). Each term, whether identifying a lawyer or a non-lawyer, depicts a delegate who performs basically the same service (vill.edu). It is the duty of these professionals to represent, counsel, advise and assist a professional athlete in the negotiation, execution and enforcement of the player's contract (vill.edu). As of April 1993, two hundred seventy three major league baseball players earned a salary of one million dollars or more and agents usually receive four percent of the player's salary as their fee (vill.edu). This has caused a dramatic growth in the number of persons desiring to represent athletes (vill.edu)."
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Fan Behavior, 2002.
An analysis of the reasons and motivations behind sporting fans behavior.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This study considers understanding fan behavior by understanding their values and emotional levels regarding sports spectating. The results of one survey, distributed to ten randomly selected sports fans and one interview, distributed to an extreme sports fan, have been compared based on personal profiles, behavior patterns, satisfaction levels and social values, in an effort to learn how to improve fan behavior.
From the Paper
"The popularity of spectator sports in the United States has seen a huge increase over the past few decades. This enormous increase is shown in the increase of money spent on spectator sports, which increased from $3.7 billion in 1970 to $4.9 billion in 1994 (U. S. Census Bureau, 1996). With this increased popularity, spectator sports have also seen increases in the mass media, with more television and radio time, advertising and promotion being dedicated to sports."
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Venus Williams, 2002.
A look at the life and career of tennis player, Venus Williams and her influence on women's sport.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
Venus Williams made an incredible impact on the tennis world at a very young age. She rose from modest beginnings in California to become one of the queens of tennis along with her younger sister, Serena. The paper shows that Venus, at twenty-two years of age, has provided the sports world with many exciting moments in a relatively short period of time. Her amazing athletic ability and muscular physique are recognized and admired all over the world. Venus has rejuvenated the tennis world with her talent, determination, and conviction, all of which may be attributed to a strong work ethic and the tenacity of her father, Richard Williams. The paper provides an introduction to childhood years, her rise as a world tennis champion and her positive influence on women all over the world.
From the Paper
"Venus Williams is admired by women all over the world because of her natural talent and winning record in the sport that she adores. Her engaging record in Grand Slam events has provided many fans with thrills and excitement, and matches in which she is coupled with her sister Serena garner a great deal of attention and praise. Furthermore, because she has accomplished so many significant achievements at a young age, she has attracted the attention of many children and young adults, who aspire to achieve similar results in their lives. According to her sister Serena, ?Venus can do whatever she wants to do? (Wiley 2). Although she is only twenty-two years of age, Venus has many years left to continue to leave her mark on the tennis community as well as other uncharted waters, including fashion design. With her confidence and determination, Venus? interest in fashion will likely result in a future career upon retirement from the tennis profession. Venus will continue to influence the world with her distinctive style, natural ability, and confident demeanor for many years to come."
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Creating Cultures of Achievement, 2002.
This paper discusses the need for competitive achievements as a way of creating a successful society.
1,382 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper first illustrates the argument that cultures of achievement are essential to democratic society. Then, methodologies for introducing such cultures to a community are proposed and examples of a plausible organization that seeks to achieve this goal in the form of an intra-mural squash club are given.
From the Paper
"In a book called Geography of Nowhere - The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape, James Howard Kunstler makes a dismal observation about the landscape of America. Whereas America was once a land of Our-Town-esque Main Streets and cogent communities, it has fallen into an amorphous array of highways, fast food restaurants, parking lots and sprawling pre-fab housing developments. He makes the claim that Eighty percent of everything ever built in America has been built in the last fifty years, and most of it is depressing, brutal, ugly, unhealthy, and spiritually degrading. The diffusion of American society to the corners of the carbon-copy suburbs and exurbs is lamentable, however, one is forced to ask why people fled the urban neighborhoods that had formed the nuclei of social interaction.
Robert Putnam, Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, blames the alienation of the individual from society on the decline of group-oriented social activities. Not only does he see these as key to building better communities, he claims that they are essential to the American Republic. His book, Bowling Alone, has been considered the most important work on society in America in the 1990?s. In an interview about his book, Putnam described why he considered a competitive sport such as bowling to be such a crucial element in society. Writing in 1994, Putnam notes that although bowling alone, which is non-competitive, is up by 10% since 1980, the existence of competitive bowling leagues was down by 40%."
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Illegal Street Racing, 2002.
A positive look at the street racing sub culture.
2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sport of illegal street racing which, although seen by many as a dangerous and harmful activity is actually full of custom, tradition, and history. It shakes off the stereotype of street racing as just another juvenile crime group by showing that the majority of participants are in fact employed full-time, generally as mechanics, or in other trades such as carpentry, boiler making or shop fitting while others tend to be in full-time education, either at high school or ay local universities. It shows how although 18- to 25-year-olds make up the core the illegal street racing culture, the trend cuts across all races, as well as both genders and how it provides a drug-free and violence free society to compete in, while still earning respect from their peers.
From the Paper
"The street racing sub-culture draws its main interest, however, due to two elements which also exist in the mainstream culture, those of masculinity, and the symbol of the car. Various sociological and criminological authors have discussed this link. Australian sociologist Rob White, in his book No Space of Their Own, focuses on the way in which, for many men, "the car becomes indelibly stamped into their consciousness as a key symbol of masculinity" (1990, 124-25). Criminologist Chris Cunneen (1985, 85) claims that the relationship is one of power, arguing, ?There is a necessity in seeing the way cars and motorbikes are symbolic objects of masculine power."
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Soccer, 2002.
A classification essay on the game of soccer.
957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of the game of soccer. It examines the reasons why the game has not become popular in America. The paper then discusses the different competitions and tournaments where soccer is played, including the World Cup, the FC Champions' Cup and the Olympics.
From the Paper
"Though Americans may not have yet found soccer to be game that deserves National acceptance there remain die-hard fans that follow the games played in the nation and abroad. Then with the growth of the media the World Cup fever grips the nations and even America cannot remain immune. Thus, in 1994 it hosted the World Cup and since then the diminishing game has again taken hold in the country. To give the Americans their due even before 1994 there was an established soccer network within the states and national competitions were held with the most prestigious being the US Open Cup under the U.S. Soccer Federation's National Championship."
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Tae Kwon Do, 2002.
An introduction to the martial art of Tae Kwon Do which affects the practitioner on the mental as well as the physical level.
645 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a brief insight into Korean art of Tae Kwon Do. It discusses how it comprises the grace and flexibility training of yoga, the self defense potential of Judo and the mental prowess of Aikido but surpasses all other martial arts in its attention to all facets of the human being. It shows how Tae Kwon Do does not involve weapons and can be practiced by all.
From the Paper
"Tae Kwon Do?s immediate ability to tone muscles, develop confidence, and encourage flexibility make it especially appealing to those who do not wish to devote years of time to perfecting the art. Other martial arts, like Tai Chi, Capoiera, and Aikido, demand rigorous training schedules and results may not be noticed for years or even decades. Tae Kwon Do can be practiced sporadically and still enjoyed for its physical and mental rewards. Teachers work one on one with students, tailoring the practice to their needs without sacrificing tradition."
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Women and Sports, 2002.
A study of women gaining presence in American sports.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of women in sports, the changing trends and the struggle involved in accomplishing the desired place in athletics. It describes how the field of sports since 1970?s, has been the obtrusive battleground to fight for the equality of sex. he paper describes how women?s participation in sports has increased dramatically since the passage of Title IX.
Table of Contents:
Gender Discrimination and Women Sports Participation
Role of Title IX in Women?s Sports Participation
Increased Sports Opportunities for Women
Increase in Men?s Support for Women Sports
Practical Implications to Increase Women Participation in Sports
Getting Results Through Increasing Awareness
Removal of Myths
Augmenting Press Coverage
Getting Authorities Intervene and Take Adequate Actions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sports are another field where racial differences and gender biases are common. Women equality to play, to prove their abilities and to compete with men on the field is still a primary goal on the women rights association?s agenda, those organizations working to ameliorate the contemporary conditions of the womenfolk. However gone are the days when women were willing to conform to the roles of a domestic wife, an obedient daughter and a dutiful sister. Women of today are not only well educated but they are also aware of their rights as human beings. With the signing of the Title IX, women became adamant in accomplishing equality of sex in the field of sports, apart from other disciplines."
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Ulnar Collateral Ligament, 2002.
This paper discusses damage to the Ulnar Collateral Ligament, a common sports injury.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes that certain types of throwing motions put extreme stress on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament ligament. The author points out that physical examinations are often inexact and tests are not 100% accurate; therefore, making a diagnosis is the most difficult part of treating an ulnar collateral ligament problem. The paper concludes that, if the patient wants to return to overhead or throwing sporting activities, and does not respond to non-surgical treatments, then surgery is recommended.
From the Paper
"Injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament are daily events in the sports world. Seldom a day goes by that some athlete does not make the news with such injuries. Chicago Cubs pitcher Kerry Wood suffered significant damage in 1999 .Pitcher, Scott Williamson of the Cincinnati Reds had surgery last year to repair the torn ligament in his right elbow .These are common injuries and seldom interfere permanently with an athlete?s career."
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Pete Rose, 2002.
This paper discusses the career and different perceptions of Pete Rose, the baseball great.
2,820 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper, in addition to detailing Rose's life, describes the controversy around his ethics. The paper points out that Rose was banned for life from baseball as punishment for gambling on the games, and he has not been induced into the Baseball Hall of Fame. The author feels that Rose's ethical behavior and his baseball skills need to be separated and that he should be admitted.
From the Paper
"Others, including many baseball players, feel Rose got his just desserts when he was banned for life from baseball. His arrogance rubbed against the grain of many fellow teammates. Former teammate, Joe Morgan, describes how Rose always played hard with his chest strutted out, saying, ?I never say anybody who played every game like it was the seventh game of the World Series, not even me??but? ?A lot of guys say they wouldn?t come back if Pete gets in?. Bob Feller believes no one would come back. When Johnny Bench was being inducted into the Hall of Fame a few years ago, shouts of ?We want Pete? came from the crowd, to which Bench responded, ?You can have him? Bench clearly has no sympathy for Rose. Recently during a radio interview, the commentator remarked that society has become liberal enough that there is common acceptance for many things such as recovering alcoholics and drug addicts, ?so why not gambling?is betting illegal?? Bench remarked, ?It is if you?re playing the game?Everybody says ?Oh, that?s Pete.? Then everybody is betrayed? "
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Women?s Athletics on the Rise, 2002.
A paper which explores how women's participation in athletics has increased dramatically in contemporary American sporting history.
947 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how, over the past decade, women?s athletics has seen an exceptional increase in popularity. While ?traditional? women?s sportssuch as tennis, gymnastics and ice-skating have always been popular among the American public, other sports such as soccer, basketball and boxing are gaining new fans. The paper shows, however, that the popularity of women in sports has not been an overnight phenomenon. It explores how women athletes have been slowly knocking down barriers for decades, from Wilma Rudolph (track) to Billie Jean King (tennis) to Nancy Lieberman Kline (basketball), women athletes have done more than just compete, that have campaigned for the inclusion of women in sports and have been outstanding advocates for women in athletics. This paper explores the rise of women's participation in athletics and how the present day has witnessed the best support for women athletes in American history.
From the Paper
"Undeniably, women have made remarkable strides in athletics. Women athletes have much more issues to conquer than their male counterparts. For example, male athletes do not have to deal with sexism and a culture that prevents them from realizing their true potential. A revolutionary law, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law that prohibits sex discrimination in any educational program or activity at any educational institution that is a recipient of federal funds. Since the enacting Title IX there has been over an eight hundred percent increase in athletics participation among high school girls. The increase in the number of females participating in sports at all levels from elementary school to professional athletes lies in the paradigm shift in our shared values and beliefs."
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Sociology , Sports and Race, 2002.
A discussion of gender bias and racial discrimination in sports.
1,983 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of gender and racial discrimination in sport both at college as well as professional level. It attempts to dispel the myths regarding women equality and meritocracy in sports, such that women earn through professional as well as college sports as much as their male counterparts. It examines the struggles involving women recognition in sports through the history of basketball which evolved in 1891 but only allowed women players in 1971 and the differences in women participation in college sports and professional sports. The paper also outlines the racial desegregation of college and professional sports, bringing out the similarities and the differences to that of gender bias.
From the Paper
"Though women face various challenges in the name of discrimination in sports oriented activities and career advancements, women in college sports face less resistance due to the fact that at college level, friendships and relationships are more sound and meaningful than at a professional level where shrewd politics dominate the sports scenario and extreme resistance is faced by women who are professional athletes. Moreover, in college sports, due to combined activities, women get more or less the same facilities and coaching aid that their male friends receive. Alternately, women athletes on a professional level are struggling hard to receive better or equal facilities than men athletes."
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Steroids in Sports, 2002.
This paper discusses the debate of whether athletes should be allowed to use performance-enhancing drugs in order to improve their performance.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by looking at arguments for the use of steroids in sports. It quotes Barry Bonds, a major league baseball player who has no reservations about the use of steroids in sports; as well as Ken Caminiti, who won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1996. It lists the arguments of the proponents of steroid use. The paper then turns to study the side effects of steroid use and the reservations held by opponents of using drugs in sports. The paper concludes with the writer?s personal opinion on the topic.
From the Paper
"Should athletes be allowed to use performance-enhancing drugs in order to improve their performance? Steroid usage in sports has long been a big issue for many athletes both professional and amateur. Steroids are not condoned in any sport however; some athletes do take the chance by using performance-enhancing drugs in order to increase the chances of a successful outcome in a competition. Many athletes have been barred from participating in certain sports because they were convicted of taking steroids. In light of this, one can only wonder how many top athletes have won events due to the use of steroids. There are many sides to the debate of whether or not athletes should be able to use steroids. Despite health reasons there are quite a few people who do believe that athletes should be allowed to use performance-enhancers. On the other hand, there are those who believe that steroids should not be used."
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Weightlifting, 2002.
A history of weightlifting, events and competitions.
4,447 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the origins and the history of weightlifting over the years. It shows that the origin of lifting traces goes back in the earliest of documented history where man's attraction with physical ability can be seen with several ancient writings. From ancient Egypt and Greece, this paper traces the history of weightlifting events and competitions and discusses their history in different countries from France and Germany to Norway and Greece. It evaluates the medical opinion of weightlifting training and how since World War II, doctors have initiated research on muscle work out for the treatment of various kinds of wounds and muscle transformation. There is also a focus on women weightlifters who have since 1987 been accepted out at the World Championship competition.
From the Paper
"During that era, athletes were allowed to make four tries. However, after Steinbach gave up, Dimtris Tofalos made his last try. While, Spurred made an amazing attempt by lifting the extraordinary weight for that period making a record that remained until 1914. However, after ten years, i-e in 1924, the rules changed once again (ESPN.2001). What is worth mentioning here is the first sections of weightlifting formed during the ear between 1896 and 1906 by the Ethnikos Gymnastics Sports Club, Sports Clubs Eteria Patron, and Panellinios Gymnastics Sports Club (ESPN.2001)."
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