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The Three Strikes Law, 2007.
An argument supporting the use of the three strikes law.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the three strikes law whereby a third felony conviction brings a mandatory sentence with no parole possible for a long period of time. The paper explains that critics of the three strikes law most frequently oppose it because the law allows for a non-violent third strike, has high costs and means an increase in the prison population. The writer contends that what critics should really be concerned about is the high rate of repeat offenders, the high cost of crime and the desirability of letting violent offenders roam free versus sit in prison. The writer admits that prison populations have increased and there are more elderly prisoners. The writer maintains that this means that the three strikes law is meeting its objective of finally putting the guilty where they belong and for a very long time.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, it seems nearly impossible to avoid becoming a victim of crime in our country. Personally, I have had my car stolen and seriously damaged and my apartment broken into with items of high emotional value taken from me. And, who hasn't experience fear at some time or other when they are walking down the street minding their own business only to be intimidated by some bully or thug? Thus, it's extraordinarily frustrating to see the same individuals churn through the justice system only to commit the same or worse acts time after time. California, one of the first implementers of the three strikes laws, has a sixty percent recidivism rate for some of its most serious crimes."
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Innocence and the Death Penalty, 2006.
An argument against the belief that the possibility of an innocent person being executed is extremely small.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the death penalty and the issue of an innocent person being incorrectly sentenced, and executed for a crime he did not commit. According to the paper, racial bias more than exists, it simply dominates the entire decision of who should live and who should die.
From the Paper
"Research demonstrates that death penalty inequities are not just limited to certain regions of the country such as the South. A study on the Philadelphia justice system by David Baldus and George Woodwort shows that blacks in Philadelphia are four times more likely to get the death penalty than other defendants who commit similar murders. Over eighty-nine percent of its prisoners on death row are people of color. Another study found that six out of ten defendants sentenced to death in Georgia for killing a white person would not have received a death sentence had their victim been black. A white victim case was over four times more likely to result in a death sentence than was a comparable black victim case. And, in Maryland, a death sentence is eight times more likely in a white victim case than a black victim case, according to a 1987 Public Defender's Office study. "
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Criminal Behavior, 2006.
A review of various disorders and issues that often lead to criminal behavior.
2,174 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the criminal profile of an offender with disorders and issues. The disorders that this paper discusses are conduct disorder, ADHD, communication issues and anti-social disorders. The paper also discusses the the role that demographics plays in criminal profiling.
Outline:
Part I - Law Enforcement Criminal Profile
Part II - Personality Traits Subject
Part II - Behavioral Tendencies Subject
Part III - Demographics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is a strong likelihood without reform the subject in question will participate in repeat offenses. There is little evidence the subjects father plays a significant role in their life, with the subject suggesting the father was at best aggressive and abusive while the subject was young. The subject's mother passed away when the offender was eight, suggesting the child had little social and familial support while growing up. At the time of the crime, the suspect lived with his dad roughly one mile from the place where the robbery occurred. In this case the community might be considered at or below poverty level. There is adequate evidence suggesting the youth and his father were long term residents within the community. "
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Russian Organized Crime, 2007.
This paper discusses the Russian mafia and the dangers they pose today.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the origins of Russian organized crime and its activities in the U.S. The paper discusses how Russian organized crime exploits technology in a variety of white-collar computer crimes including counterfeiting, credit card schemes and insurance frauds. The paper labels the Russian mafia as one of the most dangerous organized crime groups in the world today. The paper relates that not only is the Russian mafia extremely violent and versatile in its choice of criminal activities, it also holds no qualms about trafficking in nuclear weaponry between countries and political terror organizations. The paper contends that the Russian mafia should be one of the top priorities for worldwide law enforcement and control.
From the Paper
"Russian organized crime (or the Russian mafia) spread quickly after the evaporation of the Soviet Union in 1991. Organized crime spread quickly in Russia, and many experts believe one reason was that the chaotic government system after the breakup resulted in an atmosphere of mistrust and bribery in order to survive. One historian notes, "In order to survive, ordinary citizens had to act like criminals; they had to master the intricacies of the corrupt state bureaucracy, learn how to bribe officials, and develop skills in forging and counterfeiting documents" (Kelly, 2000, p. 268). Thus, the conditions were perfect for the growth and sustenance of a healthy organized crime culture in the former Soviet Union, and this quickly spread to the United States."
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Prostitution and Social Theory, 2006.
This paper discusses the broad social and economic models of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber and how they are used to explain the existence and resiliency of prostitution in modern society.
1,895 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to Marx, the prostitute is forced to sell her one marketable commodity for the sake of survival; therefore, prostitution is a reflection of an immoral and oppressive economic system because, in a perfect state, there would be very few women willing to subsist upon money earned in such a fashion. The author points out that Durkheim believed that deviant behavior, such as prostitution, stems from the increasingly complex nature of the division of labor in society. The paper contends that Weber argues that there is one value that has become almost universal to modern society: the rational pursuit of economic gain; thereby, prostitution is merely one of the more immoral products of a society that only seeks individualistic economic gain.
From the Paper
"Yet Marx was less concerned with finding the moral or legal grounds to either accept or condemn deviant activities than he was with determining their underlying roots. From Marx's standpoint, human perception is not fully capable of grasping the truth behind events; it is only able to develop some representative illustration of it. So, the scientific observations of the world and the knowledge gained from these observations enable humans to recognize and impose patterns of behavior upon the physical world, thus, to manipulate it in a manner that can never be completely comprehended."
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Police Tactics, 2007.
A discussion on para-militarism in policing.
1,569 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss of the origins, evolution and influence that paramilitary structure has had on contemporary American police agencies. The paper includes a discussion of the impact that organizational structure has on culture within a police agency, and the role paramilitary structure plays in defining and delivering police services to the community. The paper analyzes the link between communication with the public, and contemporary goals of policing. The paper concludes that the paramilitary model is likely to persist, especially in cases where law enforcement agencies must work to overcome a potentially violent or life threatening situation.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of the Paramilitary Model
Community vs. Problem Oriented Policing
Conclusions and Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Traditionally and historically police agencies have adopted a paramilitaristic approach to policing that encourages use of force to achieve one's objectives. This model relies on a hierarchical organizational structure that does not promote autonomy within the organization and allows one or more members of the organization to hold the majority of power and authority. Such models may be useful in certain situations including situations where citizens are facing life and death threats. Recent tactics involving paramilitary police models include actions taken against terrorist behaviors, including those occurring after the events of 9/11."
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The Gambino Crime Family, 2007.
A historical overview of the Gambino crime family.
1,376 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Gambino crime family, which was one of the most powerful and dangerous criminal organizations in America. The paper discusses how the origins of the Gambino family's grip on New York City's illegal network of activities, such as racketeering, loan sharking, and narcotics, trace back to 1913. The paper explores how Gambino has the distinction of being the first crime boss to engage in wide-spread drug trafficking. The Gambino and Lucchese families also began the technique of using legitimate businesses such as pizza parlors, meat markets, restaurants, construction companies, trucking firms, dress factories, and nightclubs, as fronts for more profitable illegal operations.
From the Paper
"After Carlo died, the remaining Gambino crime family divided into two factions: the Manhattan faction, which was loyal to John Dellacroce, "the real brains of the family" and the Brooklyn faction who sided with the official new boss, Paul Castellano, although the general opinion of Castellano was the he was "selfish, greedy, and not as smart as he liked people to believe." (Bruno, 2005, "Manhattan versus Brooklyn) There was also a considerable difference in the two faction's styles and methods of making money. The Dellacroce faction preferred to make money from gambling, street-level extortion, narcotics trafficking, prostitution, loan sharking, and hijacking."
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Too Much Information?, 2007.
This paper discusses the problems and possibilities of modern data collection.
2,615 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that businesses use information ,such as market research data about an individual's personal preferences, purchasing ability and real or perceived needs, in almost every conceivable way in order to maximize profits. The author points out that the government also uses this information to control crime in many questionable ways, such as the prevalence of surveillance cameras. The paper argues that this massive-scale, intrusive data collection, maintenance and analysis may have its benefits but it should not be allowed to spread contagiously throughout society disregarding privacy and liberty. The paper includes long quotations.
From the Paper
"The reality of the NSA spying program shows what can be accomplished by a government agency, operating in secret, supposedly against enemies of the American people. Some of the particular enemies being "data mined" appear to be more in the nature of political enemies, than threats to the lives of ordinary citizens. The ease with which this kind of surveillance can be accomplished should not be surprising rather it should encourage conscientious citizens to think of what else might be possible, and how all of one's information is being used, or misused."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
An argument against the death penalty.
2,673 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that capital punishment has no place in a supposedly civilized and industrialized nation such as the United States. According to the paper, the death penalty has done little to curb crime and has never been implemented fairly in the United States. Therefore, capital punishment should be repealed in favor of alternative forms such as life imprisonment without parole.
Outline:
Why the Death Penalty?
Philosophies of Justice
Deterrence and Racism in the Death Penalty
Cruel and Unusual
From the Paper
"Study after study, however, has shown no correlation between the availability of a death penalty and crime. A study by the Death Penalty Information Center shows that United States, which retains the death penalty, has a murder rate that is more than three times that of many of its European allies that have banned capital punishment (DPIC homepage). Many factors could account for the much lower murder rate in Europe, such as stronger familial ties and much more stringent gun control laws. Capital punishment, however, is not one of these reasons."
"Furthermore, it is a fact that capital punishment could not be fairly administered throughout the country. From state to state, variables such as race, class and even gender continue to influence sentencing in capital cases. In addition, the imposition of capital punishment is subject to extra-legal influences. Statistics show that the imposition of the death penalty is "infected by prejudice and discrimination." Part of the reason is socio-economic, as researchers show how people who are poor are more likely to be represented by public defenders, while many Caucasian defendants can afford expensive defense teams (Johnson and Johnson 519)."
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Martha Stewart, 2006.
A discussion regarding how a stint in prison has affected the life and career of Martha Stewart.
1,183 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Martha Stewart after her release from prison in 2005. The paper reviews what actually happened to land Stewart in prison, and how this has affected her and her career.
Outline:
What did Stewart actually do wrong, and what happened to her company?
How did Stewart handle her job as CEO following her indictment?
What was Stewart's attitude after she was convicted?
How has Martha Stewart's image been affected by her ordeal in prison?
From the Paper
"Things are looking up for Stewart; she has a new line of DVDs and a new baking book that hit bookshelves last fall; indeed the "makeover of Martha Stewart itself is a big hit," Naughton explains. Naughton goes on to explain that because Martha, 63, voluntarily went to jail, rather than remaining free on appeal to fight the issue into higher courts, her "comeuppance" was transformed into a "comeback." By going in to jail voluntarily, Naughton explains, "she tapped a dormant wellspring of sympathy"; after all, the "bad boys from Enron, WorldCom and Tyco" were all still "walking free" and Martha has never been accused of "bilking investors" or stealing from the company, the way the Enron, et al, executives are accused of behaving. "
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Criminal Drug Abuse, 2007.
A discussion on drug abuse and treatment for criminals.
3,214 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of alcohol and drug abuse and its influence on criminals. It claims that a high percentage of criminals either use or abuse drugs. The paper addresses the need for drug and alcohol treatment in correctional facilities and offers four solutions and their implementation. A schematic representation is included in order to quantify points made.
Table of Contents:
Abstract Problem/Objective Background of Problem Proposed
Alternatives
Decision Criteria Research Matrix Analysis Optimal Coarse of Action Implementation of Plan
Program Evaluation Bibliography Additional Resources
From the Paper
"The optimal coarse of action, according to the matrix analysis would be option 3, (Utilize known effective preventative drug and alcohol abuse programs...). As a long range goal prevention is clearly the best and most cost effective plan of action to combat the incidence of criminal activity in association with drug and alcohol abuse. Treatment is clearly an important factor but early prevention, especially is the most long-term of the solutions offered in this plan. The prevention of individuals from ever becoming drug addicted and therefore entering the penal system is a global answer to the social problem that this poses in our culture and worldwide."
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Sexual Harassment, 2006.
An in-depth look at sexual harassment and the development of prevention programs.
8,859 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 34 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a method for exploring the topic of sexual harassment in relationship to demographics. The paper explores many factors that characterize both the harasser and the one being harassed. The paper seeks to define the topic further for the purpose of improving education on sexual harassment and developing programs targeted toward stopping it.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Rationale
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
History and Definition
Reporting Sexual Harassment
Sociological Theories
Effects of Sexual Harassment
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Sample Population
Data Collection Procedures
Survey Instrument
Data analysis
Chapter 4 - Conclusion
Discussion
Recommendations
Works Cited
Appendix 1 - The Survey Instrument
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that women with more conservative beliefs about gender roles are not as likely to report sexual harassment, than women who are more liberal concerning gender roles (Guadagno & Marin 1999; Samolouk & Pretty, 1994). It is believed that this is the case because conservative women have a greater sensitivity to gender-role expectations and violations (Guadagno & Marin 1999). In addition the authors assert that females that report and label are often perceived as violating the good employee expectancy (Guadagno & Marin 1999). As a result "Success in these roles may involve conforming to social rules and norms while avoiding conflicts. Women who report and label harassment may be viewed as troublemakers and subsequently may not be selected for promotions or other career opportunities. Consistent with this idea is women's fear that they will be accused of provocation if they report sexual harassment (Adams et al., 1983; Guadagno & Marin 1999 )."As it relates to men and the reporting of sexual harassment, there has been a marked increase in the number of men reporting sexual misconduct. "
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Incarceration and the Drug Offender, 2006.
A study regarding the issue of developing a viable alternative to incarceration, with a goal of reducing the number of drug offenders put in prison.
7,991 words (approx. 32.0 pages), 39 sources, MLA, $ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at what can be done, by way of viable options, to reduce the high rate of incarceration for drug offenses. The paper discusses several suggestions and uses a matrix analysis to determine that treatment programs (particularly those that are in-patient and allow parents in danger of losing their children to bring those children with them) are the most cost-effective and helpful way to lower the incarceration rate.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Problem/Objective
Background of the Problem
Proposed Alternatives
Decision Criteria
Research
Matrix Analysis
Choosing the Optimal Course of Action/The Recommendation
Implementation Plan
Program Evaluation
From the Paper
"During this era, reformers also succeeded in restricting the government's legal authority to hospitalize mental patients involuntarily. Only persons determined to be mentally ill and dangerous could be confined to a psychiatric hospital without their consent. Requiring involuntary commitment of the mentally ill to be based solely on dangerousness was at the heart of the movement to deinstitutionalize mental patients and to encourage treatment in their community. Proponents of these civil commitment reforms emphasized the civil liberties of the mentally ill, especially their right to freedom and choice."
"In the neoconservative era of the 1980's, critics rejected the "rehabilitative model" in favor of the "just desserts" model of punishment. According to this view, the severity of punishment should depend on the seriousness of the offense and the criminal's prior record. As such, the primary goal of the criminal justice system is not to prevent future crimes through rehabilitation, but to dispense appropriate punishment to those who have earned it. The "just desserts" ideology presumes people are responsible moral agents who can choose between right and wrong. "
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Serial Killers, 2006.
This paper discusses serial killers, which the FBI generally defines as someone who kills three or more tomes with a cooling-off period between the crimes.
3,980 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to the public, serial killers appear to be so skilled and clever that they are a particular worry for society and a hidden danger for which there seems to be no shield or protection. The author points out that, in addition to disrupted childhoods, there seems to be some genetic link to criminal behavior as demonstrated by twin studies, which have shown that patterns of significant antisocial behavior are more common between identical twins than non-identical siblings. The paper stresses that serial killers are caught because, regardless of how clever they are, eventually, they leave some kind of evidence behind that forensic science, which has made tremendous advances in recent years, can use to identify the killer. The paper includes many examples of serial killers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Traits of Serial Killers
Causes
Examples of Serial Killers
Example
Catching Serial Killers
How Many Serial Killers are There?
From the Paper
"While most serial killers are white, some belong to other races. Most are male, but about 15% are female. Female serial killers are often harder to detect because they work so quietly, often using poison, kill with longer gaps between victims, and typically murder for financial gain, although a few, such as Aileen Wuornos, use more violent methods and target strangers much as men tend to do. The average male serial killer will have 10 - 13 victims before being stopped."
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Search and Seizure Laws, 2006.
A review of the laws pertaining to the searching of private property and the seizure of criminal evidence.
1,036 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of a particular crime scenario and relates how search and seizure laws and rules apply to it. The paper explores the scenario and how the defendant's attorney could effectively argue against some of the evidence that was obtained in the search of the home where the body was found.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
History
Search
Constitution
The Case
From the Paper
"The constitution addresses the topic of search and seizure and the boundaries that must be followed.
In another CA case a man was refused entry to his home until police officers could obtain a search warrant that uncovered some marijuana.
The police were initially called because his ex-wife was moving out and asked for a civil standby while she removed her things. As she was leaving she told officers that she saw her husband hide marijuana under a couch. Police refused to allow him entry to the home for 15 minutes while they obtained a search warrant because they believed if he got into the house he would flush the evidence. The courts held the actions were illegal. The law allows search and seizure without a search warrant in cases of extreme and immediate danger to someone's life. This was not the case in the marijuana search. "
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White Collar Crime and Organized Crime, 2006.
A look at the reality of organized crime.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how organized crime is heavily involved in activities that are traditionally considered white collar crimes. The paper also discusses how there are several misconceptions surrounding the concept of what types of criminals are considered white collar. The paper goes on to describe the symbiotic relationship between organized crime and the surrounding society.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most worrisome group of organized criminals is composed of the various terrorist organizations that operate within the United States. While they have some of the same goals as other criminal organizations, terrorist groups are not motivated by profit, but by a desire to harm individuals. This makes them more dangerous than other groups of criminals. In addition, terrorist organizations often use traditional means of criminal activity to develop their incomes. Most notably, Al Qaeda's funding has been linked to illegal drugs and weapons distribution."
"Fraud takes a tremendous toll on society each year; millions of people are victimized and billions of dollars lost each year to schemers and hucksters. Furthermore, modern technology has made fraud increasingly possible and profitable. Any person with an e-mail inbox should have an understanding of how pervasive fraud is on the internet. In fact, internet and telephone fraud is a tremendous underground issue, which "victimizes hundreds of thousands of consumers annually and indirectly affects our entire society by causing a loss of confidence in the e-commerce economy of the 21st century." (Morgan and Johnson, 2005). In fact, telecommunications fraud may be the most lucrative white collar criminal enterprise."
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Prison Life for Inmates, 2006.
A look at the inside of a prison and how the inmates really live.
1,383 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the real life of a prisoner incarcerated in a U.S. prison. According to the paper, the inmates enter the prison like cattle and are counted and recounted several times, then are shaved, photographed, given a hair cut, issued a number, a uniform, black shoes, some bedding, asked all kinds of questions, made to sign all sorts of forms, and are given a prison rulebook. The paper discusses how the inmates are strip-searched and deloused, and from this point on will be known by their inmate number, as they are led to their eight-by-ten-foot cell that they will share with another inmate for the next several years.
From the Paper
"Female offenders are usually referred to as the "forgotten offenders" because prisons for women lack the variety of programs and services that are generally available to male inmates, and those that do exist tend to follow stereotypical lines, such as cosmetology and food service training, and the educational programs rarely go beyond the high school level (DeRosia 1998). Moreover, medical services are extremely inadequate in female prisons, and are a particular problem that has resulted in serious health problems for many female inmates, including pregnancy (DeRosia 1998). The women are getting older, and many of them are going through menopause without proper treatment therapy (Day 2001). One woman describe having surgery, and afterwards, while she was still bleeding, she was strip-searched, shackled, chained, and forced to walk back to the van (Day 2001). More than 75 percent of incarcerated women are mothers, most of whom are heads of households, for, on average, two dependent children (DeRosia 1998). One female prisoner described prison life as "living the rest of your life in a tiny cell that was built for one and now houses three...you have no property, because there's no room" (Day 2001). She said, "Imagine yourself in a relationship with an abuser who controls your every move, keeps you locked in the house. There's the ever-present threat of violence or further repression if you don't toe the line. And imagine being there for fifteen years" (Day 2001). She described being punished to being absolutely controlled, "whether it's about buttoning your shirt, how you have a scarf on your head," everything is under constant scrutiny (Day 2001). According to the U.S. Department of Justice, at the end of 2004, there were 104,848 females incarcerated (Prison 2005). "
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Sex Tourism, 2006.
A discussion regarding the economy of sex tourism and the role it plays in society.
2,631 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the term 'sex tourism' and the issues surrounding this topic. The paper discusses the role that underage children play in the sex tourism industry and the devastating consequences that it has on these abused children. The paper then goes on to define 'rape' and the statistics of rape and sexual crimes world wide.
From the Paper
"The fact that the demand exists for child sex tourism and that child sex tourism is an extremely lucrative industry for everyone but the prostitutes, would seem to suggest that the industry fills a gap. In order to determine whether or not the sex tourism industry meets the sexual needs of men, it is important to discover whether the sexual needs of men include having sex with people who are not in a position to refuse and/or having sex with children. Therefore, one must look at the history of both rape and pedophilia, and whether those two sexual activities fill sexual or other needs, to be able to determine whether or not the sex tourism industry exists to fulfill the sexual needs of men."
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Community-Based Policing, 2007.
This paper explores how community-based policing may be implemented.
1,691 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper defines community-based policing and further shows how these programs can be implemented. A brief description of the traditional model of a law enforcement organization is presented. The author argues that this model has failed and cites research to support his argument. Community-based policing is suggested as a workable and positive alternative. The paper describes the specific training needed to implement community-based policing programs.
From the Paper
"Law enforcement agencies have by tradition been structured as top-down, para-military organizations. Employees, sworn and civilian have been given limited autonomy and authority in these traditionally structured organizations. Although the conventional police organization structures allowed for greater control and accountability for employees, many politician and police leaders are incapable of responding to the new and changing demands that society make on law enforcement agencies see this organizational structure. In an effort to reduce crime and the fear of crime in their communities, many law enforcement agencies have embraced the philosophy of Community Based Policing. This policing philosophy emphasis the need for employees to use problem solving and the utilization of community resources to resolve community identified problems, reduce crime and the fear of crime."
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