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Counterintelligence, 2008.
A discussion of how counterintelligence operations work to protect intelligence organizations, focusing on the use of the polygraph.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines ways of weeding out and preventing moles from infiltrating intelligence organizations, as well as determining the legitimacy of information received from foreign moles. The author discusses the CIA's technique of periodic investigation, blanket searches, character and behavior analysis, and the use of the polygraph. The author assesses the polygraph as being not infallible but nevertheless an excellent first-wave method of minimizing risk in recruitment and in intelligence breaches.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most commonly used method of weeding out any potential security threats is to periodically investigate employees of intelligence agencies every few years, and to also conduct investigations at any time when their reliability comes into question. The expressed technique of the CIA is "to reinvestigate CIA employees every five years, whether they need it or not, as well as when questions arise about the individual's behavior." This, of course, relies upon both the use of the polygraph and general collection of information on the individual."
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Roots of Violence, 2008.
A discussion and defense of the work "Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence," by Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explores "Ghosts from the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence," by Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley, which applies modern brain research to the role that early developmental processes play in later social and emotional development and actions. The author of the paper discusses how the disconnect between lower and upper brain functioning that Karr-Morse and Wiley's work outlines as the basis for impulsive disorders, explains tendencies such as rage expression, blackout, and self-harm in some impulsive individuals. The paper concludes that an education system that better responds to the pre-nursery school stages of development would seem logical, in order to better understand and correct juvenile delinquency.
From the Paper
"Additionally the overview offered by this article leads the reader to conclude that the major emphasis in psychological treatment of behavior disorders focusing on cognitive treatment may be a futile experiment and that the lower levels of brain function need to be the focus. (p. 45) The emphasis of this work is that lower brain levels are at work when imbalances in brain chemicals, under or over stimulation of the brain result in impulsive disabilities and without treatment of these areas, likely chemically and a greater understanding of the defects, these people will grow to become future impulsive individuals, with an inability to connect the upper thoughts with base responses to stressors."
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Rwanda, 2008.
An analysis of the methods used to locate areas of burial in mass killing situations.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the proper forensic procedure for digging up mass graves, such as the ones in Rwanda following the genocide there. The paper comments that the well-known forensic doctor William Haglund worked in Rwanda unearthing mass graves that resulted from the genocide that took place there in the 1990s. The paper continues and reviews the work of forensic anthropologists Karen Ramey Burns and Bill Blass.
From the Paper
"The book by Stanley Rhine points out that in order to create a face on a skull is a "slow, exacting process" requiring artistic talent and it is helpful to have "close collaboration between the artist and an anthropologist." And after an artist has reproduced a few faces, "a powerful urge to do something a little out of the ordinary begins to manifest itself," the author explains. Maybe the artist wishes to put a scar on the face (where there was one), or a hooknose, or a pair of large ears, just to add drama; this would be a potential abuse of facial reconstruction."
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Gun Control and Gun Trafficking, 2008.
This paper examines the relationship between gun control and gun trafficking.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer researches the relationship between gun control and gun trafficking in an argumentative style of work with the goal of persuading a college-educated audience of the consequences of tighter gun control. The paper uses a supply and demand argument such as in the case of alcohol and prohibition and the current issue of illegal drugs versus legal drugs. The writer concludes that gun control does not deter crime and it is just as clear that gun control has not slowed down the trafficking of guns but in fact research shows just the opposite effects of gun control. The writer maintains that there are several provisions within the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights that are not cohesive with gun control laws and that the citizens of the United States must take issue through contacting their senators and representatives concerning gun control legislation in the future.
Outline:
Objective
Background
Legislation Relating to Gun Control
U.S. State Department Report
Opponents to Gun Control
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"This convention confirmed that 40% of individuals are gun owners presently. The convention notes that study findings show that the murder rate in New York City was not shown to go up or down with the rate of murders in which guns were involved. Guns are more expensive to own in Los Angeles than in New York City however, the proportion of murders with guns was much higher in Los Angeles than in New York City. The argument is presented by panelist Roth that gun violence is not necessarily deterred through low ownership of guns. The work of Koper reports that federal regulations that require gun dealers to report sales involving multiple guns is advisable and helpful in tracking down gun traffickers. Also reported is that laws restricting gun purchases in specific time periods is also effective in deterring gun crimes."
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Criminal Acts Committed by Business Professionals, 2008.
This paper discusses the mismanagement and criminal acts of the three companies, Tyco International Ltd., Bear Stearns and Fannie Mae.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the three specific companies of Tyco International Ltd., Bear Stearns and Fannie Mae, stating that all have committed criminal business acts due to the greed of their executives. In the case of Tyco, the company's three top executives, CEO Dennis Kozlowski, CFO Mark Swartz and Chief Legal Counsel Mark Belnick allegedly took loans without receiving approval, sold shares without telling investors, and fixed the company's books by inflating operating income, among other acts. The article next describes Bear Stern's mismanagement as "toxic waste", referring specifically to the largely failing hedge fund the company ran with investor and client money. Lastly, the paper discusses Fanny Mae's over six years of financial fraud. Again the paper concludes that head executive cashed in on millions of personal bonuses, leading the company to years of misstated earnings, merely because of their personal greed.
Outline:
Tyco International Ltd.
Toxic Waste ala Wall Street
Nothing Funny about Fannie Mae
From the Paper
"Pure in simple, what Bear Stearns did was not prudent fiduciary and fiscal responsibility but bloated speculation born out of greed and wanting to make a "fast buck." People trusted them with money - some of them their life savings and hard earned cash - and when the truth of their financial mismanagement came to light, they had the gall to ask for more to bail them out from their own wrong doing. As a result of ethically and morally questionable financial mismanagement, Bear Stearns of Wall Street redefined the term toxic waste in money matters considering when they ask people for their money in the first place, they were selling them s--t and when the caca hit the fun, they hide behind obtuse and highly technical mumbo-jumbo that aims only to save their own hides at the cost of the investors. The way Bear Stearns acted is like a thief caught in one's home and the thief asking the victim for bail money."
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Racial Discrimination in the Courts, 2008.
This paper discusses judicial discrimination and the courts' treatment of ethnic and minority groups.
5,335 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that minorities such as African-Americans and Hispanics continue to face racial discrimination in the United States courts. The paper discusses diversion and alternative programs as a solution to the prison overcrowding problem and looks at the recidivism rates relative to prison sentences. The paper maintains that the courts must re-examine the mandatory sentencing guidelines and consider the implementation of diversion systems so that all individuals may receive equal treatment.
Outline:
Introduction
Racial Discrimination
Minorities in the Prison System
Solutions to Combat Judicial Discrimination of Minorities
Diversion Programs
Diversion Programs and Recidivism Rates
Benefits of Diversion Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, the media has publicized the overcrowding of the United States prison system, raising concern among the families of prisoners, correctional facilities and government officials alike. Along with this overcrowding is the issue that the majority of the prison population consists of minorities, thus raising the debate regarding racial discrimination upheld by the court system. Prison-related research indicates that mandatory sentencing guidelines and a growing number of drug-related convictions are factors in a continued growth of inmates held in federal, state and local prisons and jails in the United States."
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Prison Overcrowding, 2008.
A discussion on prison overcrowding and the mandatory sentencing of 'crack cocaine' users.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper examines two studies on the problems associated with overcrowding and discusses how a primary reason for overcrowding is the 'crack cocaine' laws. The paper asserts that to alleviate the overcrowding and to lower the government expenditures spent on keeping these prisoners incarcerated, these 'crack cocaine' laws should be annulled or at least modified to take into account the circumstances involving the individuals participating in such drug usage. The paper maintains that the costs of incarceration should instead be spent on educating the offenders on the consequences of drug use. The paper also discusses how offenders sent to prison are more likely to return to a life of crime upon their release.
From the Paper
"Since much of the overcrowding currently existing in both the state, and federal prison systems is primarily due to the incarceration of the nonviolent offender, and especially the mandatory sentencing of 'crack cocaine' users, it is suggested that to alleviate such overcrowding, and the associate problems caused by overcrowding, a more beneficial method of dealing with these nonviolent offenders be implemented.
"The question that is being asked is whether society would benefit more if nonviolent criminals received punishments other than jail sentences, or would such leniency lead to a lesser regard for the consequences of committing crimes, therefore leading to a rise in nonviolent, and violent, crime rates?"
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2008.
This paper explores the success of intervention programs in reducing juvenile delinquency rates.
2,742 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes of juvenile delinquency and possible preventive intervention methods such as after school programs, school readiness childcare programs, and early identification and intervention. The paper highlights these programs' positive influence and effects and concludes that it is imperative that policy makers provide the funding for their implementation.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Juvenile Delinquency Recent Statistics
Legal Issues
Causes for Juvenile Crimes
Reducing Juvenile Crimes : Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is a huge problem worldwide and the US in particular. As per 2002 census, the American juvenile population stood at 25% of the national population and is slated to grow steadily during most part of the 21st century. Today the juvenile justice system serves a rich mixture of racial and ethnic population. There is an increasing ratio of non-white juveniles. In some states such as New Mexico for example; Hispanic juvenile ratio is 51% of the total juvenile population. Other states such as California (45%), Nevada (30%) , Texas (42%), have a high percentage of Hispanic juveniles. Similarly, in Mississippi (45%), Louisiana (40%) , North Carolina (27%), and Delaware (25%) the ratio of black juveniles is significant. In the district of Columbia, black juveniles account for 72% of the entire juvenile population. "
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Integration of Private Security, 2008.
This paper explores private security functions as it relates to the various components of the criminal justice system.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes major components of the criminal justice system with a focus upon improvement of the interaction between law enforcement, private security, the courts and institutional and community corrections. The paper discusses the need for the standardization of law-enforcement and private security procedures. The paper also notes how various technologies exist that can allow for coordination among law-enforcement, private security and public service providers in the event of a catastrophe or disaster.
Outline:
Objective
Aspects of Cybercrime Relating to Law Enforcement and Private Security
Integration Requires Standards
Immediate Purchase of Tech Tools Not Necessary
Various Technologies Exist
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Imagine, if you will, for a moment that a disaster occurred in a town very familiar, a community, whether urban or rural, where in past local occurrences each agency went about its appointed duty without interrupting one another, and this has traditionally been the case in the United States. Then suddenly a disaster such as Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans occurs and the new agencies developed by Homeland Security come into the area and communication channels get crossed with tasks being duplicated and others being left undone, neglected perhaps. Strategies that can be shared, integrated and coordination through use of technological tools offer the possibility for unprecedented coordination among law-enforcement, private security and public service providers in the event of such a catastrophe or disaster."
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Family Delinquency and Crime, 2008.
This paper explores the inception and evolution of delinquency and crime within families.
1,782 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how a cycle of violence can exist within families that transfers violence from generation to generation in the form of abuse, whether physical or verbal. The paper examines Patterson's coercion model that explains how parents may reinforce the pattern of abuse while a victim of the abuse also becomes a perpetrator of abuse. The paper reviews Albert Bandura's vicarious learning theory and discusses different parenting styles and the effects of those styles upon the behavior of children. The paper therefore shows how a 'life-course trajectory of crime' may result when a child is reared in a hostile or abusive environment.
Outline:
Objective
Cycle of Violence
'Patterson's Coercion' Model
Social Learning Theory
Vicarious Learning and Inception and Evolution of Delinquency and Crime (Bandura)
Authoritarian Parenting Style Vs Permissive Parenting Style
Life Course Trajectory of Crime and Violence
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research supports the belief that mistreatment of children can be understood as a 'cycle-of-violence' that is a process of intergenerational transmission.. The American Academy of Family Physicians: Policy and Advocacy in its' 'Violence' Position Paper states that family violence "permeates our society" affecting people on the individual level as well as having an impact upon the family physicians, parents, spouses, educators and citizens within society." (2007) This work states as well the fact that in traditional view violence among family members has been considered 'private' and not something discussed with those outside of the family however over the past two decades the justice system has attempted to address the problem through many venues of seeking resolution to the large societal problem."
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Family Delinquency and Crime, 2008.
This paper discusses Daniel P. Mears and Samuel H. Field's research, 'A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship'.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the main objective of the article "A Closer Look at the Age, Peers, and Delinquency Relationship" by Daniel P. Mears and Samuel H. Field, is to address the issue of delinquency and the factors that influence the actions of delinquents. The paper then reviews and positively critiques the article and asserts that the researchers of the article conducted thorough and targeted research in order to provide their findings in terms of their hypothesis. The paper also points out the results of the research are clear and to the point, demonstrating not only the success of the research hypothesis, but also areas where more research needs to be conducted. The paper concludes that Mears and Field's article demonstrate an understanding of the issues and problems that sometimes lead to criminal activities.
From the Paper
"The research conducted begins with an examination of work already completed on the target subject. In fact, the question addressed in the paper is an issue arising from work conducted recently. Indeed, the authors find that few theories have been developed to address the effect of age on delinquent peer associations. Most of these theories, according to the authors, address the order in which delinquency and peer association take place. While age does play a role in such accounts, the focus is not on the variations of peer influence with age. This is the gap the authors aim to address.
"In terms of research conducted in terms of age, the authors describe Thornberry's interactional theory, which holds that delinquent peer associations should increase its influence during mid-adolescence, after which it again declines. This theory is based upon social learning theory, which holds that the transition from childhood to adolescence is particularly crucial in forming peer networks. This stage represents an individual's development of identity via peer connections. After this stage, the identity becomes entrenched in an individual's connections with conventional activities and institutions."
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Why They Were Double Agents, 2008.
This paper explores the psychological causes of FBI agents Aldrich Ames' and Robert Hanssen's betrayal of the United States.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper uses two of the most famous breeches of United States intelligence agencies, those involving Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen, to show that the individual psychology of intelligence officers is often the source of leaks and betrayal. The paper looks at Ames' monetary desires and Hanssen's thirst for appreciation that encouraged them to become double agents. The paper highlights how in both cases the obvious symptoms of a mole were absent.
From the Paper
"In terms of national security, counterintelligence remains an essential component of maintaining a firm and secure hold upon potentially dangerous information. It is widely recognized that within a setting in which competing intelligence organizations are continually attempting to infiltrate the ranks of other intelligence agencies, deciding who is privy to what is often a dangerous gamble. Intelligence agencies must be conscious of the type of individuals they put in possession of delicate bits of information; this applies not merely to the background, past affiliations, and political views of these people; the individual psychology of intelligence officers is often the source of leaks and betrayal. "
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Debriefing, 2008.
An evaluation of the statistical significance of debriefing techniques.
2,765 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the statistical significance and effectiveness of debriefing techniques, often called psychological debriefing (PD), in the treatment and potential alleviation of post traumatic stress disorders (PSTD) in victims of violent crime, traumatic accidents, and those healthcare and law enforcement professionals whose professions include frequent and at times traumatic involvement with crime and accident victims. The paper states that the research community is split on the effectiveness of PD as a strategy for alleviating long-term implications of PSTD and related mental illnesses. The paper analyzes the variations in methodology, sample size, study design, questionnaire design and selection of statistical analysis techniques.
Outline:
Summary
Analyzing Arguments against PD: A Statistical Perspective
Arguments for PD: A Statistical Perspective
From the Paper
"Chemtob, Tomas, Law and Cremniter (1997) completed PD-based research of Hurricane Iniki survivors in Hawaii. The methodology centered on creating two groups, using a test-retest methodology to isolate the effects of the IES scale on groups 1 and 2. This sampling methodology was completed specifically to allow for pretest IES scores to be completed on group 1 respondents, while post-test scores were captured from group 2. The sampling frame included members of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Despite there being potential biases in the sampling methodology, the results showed that within-group treatment was highly predicted at the 99% CI with an F Score of 21.13, showing that intragroup effects of PD strategies were highly effective. ANOVA was later used to evaluate reductions in IES scores, with PD Strategies reducing intervention (F-test value of 9.49) and intrusion at an F-test value of 18.18 with a very high level of statistical significance of 99+% CI. The statistically significant drop in aggregate IES scores is also significant at the 99% CI, dropping the aggregate scores fro those most at risk from 32.3 to 27.2."
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Miami Police Department, 2008.
An examination of the history, development and role of the Miami Police Department.
3,272 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of the City of Miami and the Miami Police Department. It looks at the way the department developed over time, how it is governed, how it is organized, and how it has responded to such issues as crime, terrorism, and community relations. The paper focuses on the ways in which the department is operated today.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Miami
The Police and the Community
Terrorism
Community Policing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The NET plan meant a decentralization of municipal services down to the neighborhood level in mini city halls, which in turn fostered a team approach to the identification and resolution of problems. The original staff of each NET Service Center included an NET Administrator, a Service Center Representative, a Neighborhood Resource Officer (NRO), and a Public Service Aide, along with code enforcement inspectors for sanitization, and public works. Also, six of the Service Centers were augmented with job counselors. Representatives from different city departments were assigned to each NET Service Center, but the NRO was considered the key element to the success of the program (NET Concept, 2007)."
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Combating Crime, 2008.
A revue of methods to combat crime as presented in a political arena.
2,515 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a five point plan for a politician to use in his campaign with regard to violent crime in America. The paper explores several policy plans and describes them in detail as methods for a politician to plan and push for when he is elected.
outline:
Introduction
The Time is Now
Five Point Plan
The Overview
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Politicians in office want their constituents to believe that they have a handle on the problem and are working to maintain a safe environment for their constituents to live and work in. Government officials who work in the field of law enforcement only know that stiff penalties come with overcrowded jails and prisons therefore they are supporters of early release programs so that they can meet the mandated numbers.
"The fact remains that violent crime has been on the rise for the past two years and rather than hide heads in the sand and tell the public it is not happening, it is time to admit to the problem, take the bull by the horns and correct it. One of the solutions being studied is more funding. "
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Sharp Force Trauma, 2008.
An in-depth study on the macroscopic evidence on bone morphology.
10,624 words (approx. 42.5 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the research done on determining the type of instrument used in crime cases and states that the marks that are left on the bones of a crime victim are significant in determining what kind of crime took place and what type of trauma the victim may have been subjected to. The paper states that there is little material specifically related to bone morphology and cut marks, making the study of it extremely difficult. The paper, which is well documented with tables and charts, concludes that cut marks, while highly valuable in the information that they provide to investigators, are only one tool in the arsenal of information that a crime scene investigator needs.
Outline:
Review of Related Literature
Gross Characteristics of Cut Marks in Bone
Two Common Types of Carpenter Saws
Saw Cut and Bone Cross-Section
Stages of Bone Reformation
Data Analysis Procedure
Limitations of the Study
The Importance of Qualitative Research
results
Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations
Discussion
From the Paper
"These saws are both carpenter saws and they are also common. They can be purchased in hardware stores, home centers, and other places and therefore they make easily-attainable weapons for individuals that are looking to commit crimes against other people. However, they do not always work well as weapons because sawing through human bone is not as easy as most people would think. Power saws are often used for this type of criminal activity, but there are places where they cannot be used and therefore hand saws must be employed."
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Moral Dimensions of Punishment, 2008.
An analysis of how morality can be applied to the punishment of criminals.
841 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the moral dimensions of punishment, particularly with regard to criminals and incarceration. The paper argues that how stridently the criminal justice system pursues convicted criminals is a core moral and ethical issue. The paper also briefly looks at morally gray areas of punishment such as maximum security prisons and the procedures used to control and monitor inmates.
From the Paper
"Morally gray areas of punishment include maximum security prisons and the procedures used to control and monitor inmates. The basic conflict is between the rights of the individual offender and the rights of the victim. Justice system professionals, policy makers, and citizens face ethical conundrums when contemplating the ideal balance. What role the state should have in terms of surveillance of convicted sex offenders may also pose problems for policy makers and justice system officials. Moreover, punishment is almost always informed by political decisions, which creates further moral problems. A "tough on crime" fervor that swept through the United States during the 1980s and which still persists has had a profound impact on many American citizens. Three strikes laws and strident drugs laws are a few examples of when "tough on crime" can be an ethically questionable justice policy."
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"The Texas 7", 2008.
A review of the book "The Texas 7: A True Story of Murder and a Daring Escape," by author Gary C. King.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the book, "The Texas 7: A True Story of Murder and a Daring Escape," by author Gary C. King, which gives the reader a detailed account of the events leading up to the escape of seven inmates from the John Connally prison in South Texas. The paper discusses that the thesis of this book is that this mass-escape was a well-planned maneuver aimed at bringing attention to the alleged injustices of the Texas judicial system.
From the Paper
"After all the escapees were back in custody, it was discovered that Patsy Gomez and Rual Rodriguez had conspired together to help the Texas Seven. George Rivas, the alleged ringleader, was extradited to Texas and sentenced to death. The other surviving members have also been put on death row and still wait for their death by lethal injection."
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Peer Pressure and its Influence on Adolescents, 2008.
An analysis of how peer pressure influences adolescent decision-making with regard to alcohol, drug and tobacco use.
2,797 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the impact that peer pressure has on adolescents. It specifically focuses on peer pressure and its influence on adolescent decision-making with regard to alcohol, drug and tobacco use, as well as other offenses. The paper also looks at how peer pressure influences adolescents to become youthful offenders.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
How it Works
Thinking Outside the Box
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For many years parents have wondered what happened to that sweet little boy or girl that they raised who is now a defiant adolescent. As children begin to pull away from their parents and find their identity their friends become a vital part of that identity however, parents want to believe that the values and morals they taught their children while young will be strong enough to withstand any negative peer pressure that they may encounter."
"Studies have shown time and time again that peer pressure and peer influence can have a significant impact on the decisions that the adolescent makes. Other factors such as family issues, lack of supervision and socio-economic status also play a part however those factors influence the types of friends the adolescent often seeks out.
"Research into the area of peer pressure and the influence it has on adolescents concludes without argument that who an adolescent chooses to associate with plays a major part in the types of choices that adolescent is going to make."
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