| Papers [457-475] of 3569 :: [Page 25 of 188] | | Go to page : <— 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 —> | |
|
|
Prison Health Care, 2006.
This paper analyzes peer-reviewed literature to evaluate a qualitative study by John Doyle (1999) concerning the factors that tend to influence psychiatric nursing practice in prisons.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 59.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the skyrocketing prison population has caused the delivery of quality health care services to suffer. The author points out that the research indicates that, in the midst of a untenable environment, health care providers are faced with the dual dilemma of trying to delivery quality health care services to a disproportionately mentally ill and elderly prison population, while simultaneously trying to ensure their own personal safety. The paper indicates that the qualitative study by J. Doyle (1999) did not result in any earth-shattering findings but was found to be timely and a good starting point for future studies of this nature. The paper includes several embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Review and Discussion
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Question
Study Design
Subjects and Setting.
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What is the problem the study was conducted to resolve? According to a recent report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in spite of a general decline in crime across the country, the United States continues to incarcerate more of its citizens than any other developed nation in the world. In fact, the nation's prison population increases by 900 inmates each week, and between mid-2003 and mid-2004, the nation's prisons and jails held 2.1 million people, or approximately one in every 138 U.S. residents. By June 30, 2005, there were 48,000 more inmates, or 2.3 percent, more than 2004, according to the latest figures from the Bureau of Justice Statistics."
| |
|
Capital Punishment, 2007.
Presents an argument in favor of the death penalty.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at how capital punishment (also called the death penalty) is a highly contentious issue with both the advocates and opponents advancing numerous ethical, moral, and economic arguments for and against the continuance of the practice. While respecting the views of some of the committed pacifists who oppose capital punishment, the paper contends that we should maintain the death penalty in the United States for serious crime. It supports this contention by refuting some of the major arguments against capital punishment, besides presenting a few valid points in support of continuing the death penalty.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against the practice of death penalty is that it violates the 'right of life' of every individual. This argument, to my mind is preposterous, and an insult to the memory of the victims of serious crimes such as pre-meditated murders and rape of young children. How can a vicious murderer who has knowingly taken away an innocent life and callously disregarded the victims 'right to life' still lay claim to his own 'right to life'? I believe that such criminals, after taking away the life of another human being, forfeit their right to live, and the society then has an obligation to judge whether the crime was serious enough to deserve a death penalty."
| |
|
African-Americans and American Prisons, 2007.
This paper examines the relatively high number of African-Americans incarcerated in American prisons.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the drive to control American populations through incarceration and notes that this has disproportionately affected the nation's African-American population. The paper shows how nearly half of all inmates in America's prisons are African-American, despite the fact that they make up only twelve percent of the overall population. The paper examines the social and political reasons for this disparity and reveals that a form of racial prejudice would appear to be underlying these statistics. The paper discusses how the mass incarceration of America's African-American population is destroying their community, and the African-American people in general.
From the Paper
"In a time of great economic and social change, one American industry is booming: the prison-industrial complex. These prisons represent an ever-expanding apparatus of social control (Ward, 2004), one that, according to Julia Sudbury, is focused specifically on regulating, and further marginalizing the underprivileged masses in today's neo-liberal regimes (Ward, 2004). Recent decades' "get tough on crime" policies, such as mandatory minimum sentences, "three strikes" laws, and so forth, have witnessed historically unparalleled rates of incarceration in the United States."
| |
|
Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper examines the issue of crime and capital punishment.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that among the claims made about the death penalty by proponents of capital punishment is that the penalty is fairly applied so that it cannot be rejected as being applied more readily to any one group in society. The writer argues that this claim is false, and various analysts have shown how the poor are disadvantaged by the entire legal system and how minorities who kill whites are far more likely to be sentenced to death than anyone who kills another minority member. The writer notes that reforms of the entire justice system have been proposed, with the view that the unfairness extends to all crimes and not just to capital crimes. The writer concludes that it is not clear how any of the proposed solutions would affect problems in the system and unfairness in particular.
From the Paper
"More and more analysts have found that the death penalty is not applied equally and that there is often a racial component in the way some offenders are treated and sentenced. This view has not been accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court, however, even as opponents of the death penalty cite statistics showing that the death penalty is racially discriminatory. These opponents have raised the issue in court with little success. They cite statistics to the effect that black murderers are far more likely than white murderers to get the death penalty, and that this is especially true if the victim was white. Statistics from Georgia show what happens. In that state, a black man accused of killing a white person is substantially more likely to receive the death penalty than a white person convicted of killing either a white or a black. Some forty six percent of the inmates on Georgia's death row are black, and most were sentenced to die for killing a white victim. Other states show similar statistics."
| |
|
The Internet and Solving Crimes, 2007.
This paper describes how the Internet may be used to solve crimes by law enforcement officials.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper initially describes how the development of the Internet and
e-commerce, in particular, have resulted in the Web becoming a new arena for criminal activities. The author then explores how the Internet has also afforded the authorities the means and methods of combating not only cybercrime but other types of criminal behavior. Some of these methods are detailed, such as the police being able to disseminate information about criminals to the public via their official Websites. Other advanced technologies for fighting crime via the Internet are also described.
From the Paper
"One of the most obvious and successful ways of combating crime through the technological opportunities on the Internet, is the use of the Web's unique information sharing and data storing facilities. The fact that the Internet can instantly update and provide interactive access to the latest data has been used with great success by law enforcement agencies. This is often facilitated by interaction between the public and law enforcement agencies via online websites. For example, the police can disseminate information about criminals and criminal profiles to the public via their official Websites. This can lead to an interactive process where the public can contact the authorities immediately via email or online response systems with information that they may have about criminals."
| |
|
Overcrowded and Under-funded Prisons, 2006.
A review of the poor situation in US prisons.
3,422 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2005 there were 2,186,230 prisoners being held in federal or state prisons or in local jails. The paper reports that a number of critics blame the U.S. war on crime and drugs for the six-fold increase in the prison population, which has resulted in the construction of the world's largest prison system in less than three decades.
From the Paper
"As in many states, the Texas state prison system was so overcrowded during the 1970's that many units were operating at 200 percent capacity, with sometimes five inmates to a two-person cell, while others slept on hallway floors and outside in tents (Vogel 2004). By the mid-1990's, despite the largest and most expensive prison-building program in history, correctional facilities still operated at or above rated capacities, and economic problems increased on both the state and federal level (Vogel 2004). A third of those attending the 1999 International Association of Chiefs of Police conference, named overcrowded facilities as the industry's greatest problem (Overcrowding 1999). Although 47 percent felt that keeping sex offenders locked up was the best solution to deterring sex crimes, Daniel Crawford pointed out that "keeping sex offenders locked up presents a bit of a conundrum considering that our detention facilities are overflowing" (Overcrowding 1999). "
| |
|
The Criminal Justice System, 2007.
This paper explores racial discrimination in the criminal justice system.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that racism or racial discrimination is an outright rejection of the principle of equal justice, fairness and public safety. The paper discusses how fairness is essential to the proper functioning of a democratic society and there should be a vital link between social values and personal values. The paper looks at the work "Racial Issues in Criminal Justice" edited by Marvin D. Free and examines the opinions of several experts on the subject.
From the Paper
"The criminal justice system aims at maintaining social control, enforce laws and administering justice, primarily through law enforcement or police forces, the courts and corrections, in the pursuit of the ideal of justice and fairness (Wikipedia 2006). Police work, on the other hand, is aimed at crime prevention, crime control and the handling of cases when crime occurs. The police conduct a crime investigation, gather evidence and identify the suspects. It is the police who make the first contact with the offender and initiate the mechanics of the criminal justice system by making the arrest after establishing probable cause. They then take the suspect into custody and make him or her go through a process, which includes finger printing, taking mug shots and interrogation (Wikipedia)."
| |
|
Theories of Criminology, 2006.
This paper compares theories of criminology.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that criminologists believe that all theories that attempt to explain criminal behavior must contain dimensions relating to the society's conception of criminal behavior, some type of treatment and a particular research methodology. The author focuses on the biological theory, the psychological theory, the feminist theory and integrated theory, all of which share many similarities and differences while supporting each other in relation to the causes of crime and criminal activity. The paper concludes that the overall causation of criminal behavior does not draw upon only one of the theories in this paper; however, the integrated theory helps to fill in the gaps created by other theories and may help to shed new light on how the other theories might be improved.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Specific Criminological Theories
The Biological Theory
The Psychological Theory
The Feminist Theory
The Integrated Theory
From the Paper
"In essence, this approach leans heavily toward reinforcement, or in other words, "positive reinforcement or reward which increases the likelihood of the behavior which follows." Obviously, the psychological theory supports the assumption that genetics, particularly regarding brain development, is closely tied to criminal behavior and motivations; however, the psychological approach to crime causation contradicts itself in many ways, especially when one considers that fact that "all aggressive persons are not criminals and all criminals are not aggressive.""
| |
|
Jack the Ripper, 2007.
This paper describes the mystery surrounding Jack the Ripper.
4,252 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 113.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores the story of Jack the Ripper. This includes a summary about who Jack the Ripper may have been, and the motives behind his crimes. First, the writer presents a brief summary of Jack the Ripper's victims. Then, it examines research and evidence that exists as it relates to the murders. Also considered are the reasons why Jack-the-Ripper has never been identified.
Outline:
Where the Name Came From
The Women that were Killed
Motive and Evidence
Who was "Jack the Ripper?" The Suspects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There has long been a great deal of speculation about the motive behind these acts. The book The Complete History of Jack the Ripper asserts that the contemporaries of this killer had a difficult time understanding the motive behind such heinous crimes. Some have speculated that the killer was influenced by the occult (Sugden). The author asserts that other contemporaries believed that the murder was somehow influenced by the stresses of the modern age (Sugden). The author also explains that there was a belief that if the killer was caught he should be studied, so that officials could garner a greater understanding of what caused him to commit these murders (Sugden). The author explains "can we not, before handing him over to the executioner or the authorities and Broadmoor, make a really decent effort to discover his antecedents, and his parentage, to trace back every step f his career, every hereditary instinct, every acquired taste, every moral slip, every mental idiosyncrasy (Sugden).""
| |
|
Stanley Williams' Gang Prevention Books, 2006.
This paper is a complete dissertation, which examines the impact of Stanley Williams' gang prevention books on pre-adolescent boys.
15,640 words (approx. 62.6 pages), 73 sources, APA, $ 249.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reports that the purpose of this study was to determine how young people and their teachers perceived the Stanley Williams' gang prevention readers and their impact on their beliefs about gangs and people who join them. The author includes a critical review of the relevant literature and an analysis of the results of interviews with six students and teachers. The paper concludes that the research indicates the importance of providing young people with the information and tools they need to resist the temptation to become involved with gangs in the first place and to help them recognize the potential adverse consequence associated with these groups. The paper includes data tables and questionnaires.
Table of Contents:
The Problem
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Risk Factors for Gang Involvement
Anti-Social Behavior
Protective Factors from Gang Involvement
Approaches to Prevention and Intervention
Types of Prevention Strategies
Prevention Approaches using Literature 2
Summary
Methodology
Introduction
Research Questions
Methodology
Participants
Instrumentation
Assumptions or Limitations
Procedures
Data Analysis
Findings
Introduction
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Children's Parental Permission Form
Request for Parental Involvement
Request for Teacher Involvement
Student Questionnaire
Parent Questionnaire
Teacher Questionnaire
Verbal Script for Students' Assent
From the Paper
"The average age for youth to become involved with a gang is between twelve to seventeen years. There is an increasing movement toward recruitment of elementary school aged youth. A contributing factor to this is that gang members know that states do not routinely prosecute younger children. This is a way for gang members to involve youth in their illegal activities, in an effort to remain out of jail. The younger children are extremely motivated to gain the approval of older male gang members, who they see as role models. It is increasingly necessary, then, that gang prevention education begins with elementary school age children."
| |
|
The Ku Klux Klan, 2007.
An analysis of the Ku Klux Klan as domestic terrorists.
2,276 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper contends that the Ku Klux Klan is arguably one of the most easily recognized hate groups and looks at how its activities and strongly held beliefs easily define it as one of the most dangerous domestic terrorist groups in American history. It attempts to show that the Ku Klux Klan has met and continues to meet the legal requirements set forth in the United States Code to be labeled a terrorist group.
From the Paper
"Though the beliefs of the Ku Klux Klan may not be particularly tasteful for mainstream Americans, the philosophies themselves are perfectly legal and the rights of the Klan to subscribe to and distribute these beliefs are, in fact, protected under the First Amendment. However, it is not the beliefs that are under scrutiny here, it is the clear, convicted criminal behavior that has won the Klan the label of domestic terrorists. Many Klan members enjoy lashing out verbally knowing that they speak from the safety of the First Amendment umbrella, however, messages of such strong hate and radical beliefs seem to inevitably explode into action."
| |
|
Community Oriented Policing, 2007.
This paper compares the effectiveness of community-oriented policing to problem-oriented policing.
6,331 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 147.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper evaluates the concept of community policing in light of new outlooks on crime and law enforcement. The paper introduces the role of police in society and considers the debate centering on whether the police should be mainly responsible for only the effects and results of crime or if they should be more involved with the underlying and root causes of crime. Both views are analyzed in detail. The author concludes that research attests to the fact that community-orientated policing is particularly suitable and appropriate to the contemporary climate and to modern transnational crime.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion
Case Studies
Conclusion
Appendix
Figure 1. difference between traditional and community based policing
Figure 2. North Carolina FY 2003 Awards to North Carolina
Questionnaire
Questions Directed at the General Public
Questions Directed at the Police
From the Paper
"Therefore, in conventional terms, the responsibly of the police is to maintain law and order and to protect the innocent against the criminal elements. However, the nature of modern society and the complexity of many forms of criminal behavior have created debate, and changes, with regard to the extent and range of modern policing responsibility. This debate centers on new views of policing responsibility and can be summarized by the following question. Should the police be mainly responsible for only the effects and results of crime or should police be more involved with the underlying and root causes of crime? "
| |
|
Emerging Technologies, 2006.
A review of the latest technologies and the problematic issues surrounding them.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper takes a look at the newest technologies. The paper also discusses issues such as privacy, illegal downloads, connection speeds and theft. According to the paper, governments will be forced to develop a new wave of consumer protection laws and creative laws, protecting intellectual property as a result of all this new technology.
From the Paper
"IPod docking stations are becoming increasingly more integrated into standard audio systems in automobiles and home stereos. A set of reasonably-priced TEAC systems offer, for less than $300, the chance to dock and charge the IPod while listening. Moreover, the systems come with CDRW-compatible players that can read and play MP3s burned onto disks. Home audio and video systems are becoming more integrated and compatible with portable media storage too. The ability to link digital storage with analog sound systems means also that audiophiles have their entire music collection at their fingertips and can launch files using their PC, their IPod, or their ISP's digital music service. Moreover, sound systems such as the TEAC are streamlined, urban-friendly and ideal for use in small spaces."
| |
|
Charles Manson, 2007.
An analysis of the life and criminal activity of Charles Manson and the criminal theories that would apply to him.
2,105 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of Charles Manson, one of the world's most notorious murderers. Specifically, the paper discusses how the various theoretical schools of crime causation would attempt to explain Charles Manson's criminal behavior. It begins with a history of his life and criminal activity and then discusses the various criminal theories, in relation to him.
From the Paper
"Finally, the social learning theory may ultimately be the most useful in understanding what made Charles Manson into the deviant social being he became. This theory essentially states that crime is a learned deviant behavior, and Charlie certainly had someone to learn from - his mother. She went to prison for robbery when he was only five and the rest is history. He lived with very restrictive relatives after she want to prison, and throughout his life he desperately wanted to be with his mother, even though she made it clear she did not want him. He learned from his mother to rob and steal, and continued the pattern throughout his life. It is almost as if he was looking for her approval of him through emulating her own dysfunctional lifestyle. Charlie could have just as easily learned the strict, religious behavior of many of his relatives. That he chose to emulate the one person in his life who simply did not care for him is interesting, and it helps prove the social learning theory of criminology. He learned from his worst social influence, rather than his best social influences, and this seems to be the case with many criminals. They learn negativity early, and use these behaviors to survive for the rest of their lives."
| |
|
Criminological Theories, 2007.
An analysis of the various theories of criminal behavior and their implications.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses some of the theories of criminology that attempt to discover the nature and causes of criminal behavior. It describes and discusses the classical approach of criminal behavior, the so called hard-determinism theories, the neo-classical theory, the positivist theory, the functionalist explanation and the labeling theory. The paper concludes that there is still much need of research and interpretation in order to find satisfying answers.
From the Paper
"Opposing this view is the labeling theory. It takes a distinctive approach from the functionalist models by emphasizing the negative consequences categorizing human actions in the criminal system. One of the most important figures of this theory, Leslie White, considers that attaching different labels to humans has deep consequences over future behavior. (White, 1969) It has a double role. On the one hand, it shows the way in which the society perceives him as an individual and on the other, the way in which he interprets the meaning of the symbol. Mead argues in this respect the fact that there can be certain contradictions between the two perspectives and thus conflict may arise. (Mead, 1934) However, there are opinions that do not consider labeling to be a source for criminal behavior, Triplett arguing that labeling alone does not cause delinquent behavior, but must be associated with the reward system in which the individual operates. (Triplett, 1990) A moderate stand is taken by Lemert who considers that labeling cannot offer an explanation to primary deviance but to secondary ones. (Lemert, 1967) Labeling encourages the definition of certain attitudes in consideration of subjective norms that can alienate the individual and can push him towards recidivating."
| |
|
Juvenile Sentencing, 2007.
This paper explores the different sentences in two high profile juvenile murder cases.
1,184 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explores whether children should be sentenced to adult sentences for their crimes and whether the same sentencing rules must apply across the board. The paper discusses the case of Lionel Tate who claims to have accidentally killed a six year old and the case of Derrek and Alex King who admitted to killing their father purposely. The paper shows how the sentences were vastly different; a life sentence without the possibility of parole for Tate while the King boys are in a juvenile detention center only until they are 21 years old. The paper notes the different color of skin of the defendants, as well as whether they had a public defender or a paid attorney on their side.
Outline:
Introduction
Comparing
Defenses
Punishment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The nation has been horrified in recent years due to children committing adult crimes. Whether it is the Columbine case, a teen murdering his father or a teen killing a child, the idea that children are now capable of such violence is almost more than the mind can fathom. Yet every year there are cases in the news. The outcome of a case in which a minor is involved is often a bone of contention in debates. Should children be sentenced to adult sentences for their crimes and if so should the same sentencing rules apply across the board?"
| |
|
Police and the Public, 2007.
This paper examines the presence of paramilitarism within police organizations and negative police attitudes towards the public.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses how police organizations have evolved into tightly organized hierarchies of authoritarian leadership in order to cope with the risks they face. The paper explains that this can be problematic in providing community safety in a way that establishes a pattern of trust between the community and the police. The paper maintains that focusing on the problems affecting a community, rather than destroying the 'enemy' invaders should be the primary goal of policing. The paper shows how this can only happen if the police organizations undergo a restructuring in order to become more communicative organizations.
From the Paper
"Police organizations are not military organizations. However, the police face many of the same demands and risks as soldiers in the field of combat, over the course of their daily working lives. To cope with these risks, such as violent offenders and a hostile environment, police organizations have evolved into tightly organized hierarchies of authoritarian leadership. Police bureaucracies pride themselves upon loyalty to organizational rules and authority, much like a military organization obeys a strict chain of command when it is engaged in decision-making."
| |
|
Racism and African-Americans, 2007.
This paper discusses crime rates in the U.S. as it relates to African- Americans.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that one has only to watch television or read a newspaper to see that crime is a daily concern for many Americans. The writer discusses that African-Americans are arrested for crimes out of all proportion to their numbers. The writer maintains that American justice may once have been poisoned by racism, but some say, the figures speak for themselves - a higher percentage of African-Americans are arrested and imprisoned, because they are responsible for the bulk of criminal acts. The writer concludes that although the African-American prison population proportionally far outreaches the prison population of any other group, little has been done to help prevent young African-Americans from continuing to follow in the footsteps of their elders.
From the Paper
"The problem of juvenile crime is particularly acute. To a much greater extent than Whites, African American children often lack proper adult supervision. They turn instead to television and other forms of media as sources of inspiration. Desperate for role models, young African-Americans latch onto characters whom they feel represent themselves, people who look, speak, and act as they do. But what comes out of these characters' mouths? What actions do they perform? Minority youths watch as their "heroes" commit assault and murder, rape and steal, sell and use drugs. With little knowledge of appropriate behavior, the criminal counterculture seems a real and viable alternative to the world in which many minority children live. Brutality begets brutality."
| |
|
Natural versus Legal Crimes, 2007.
This paper describes and contrasts natural crimes with legal crimes.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents an examination of natural crimes compared to legal crimes. The writer explores the difference between natural and legal crimes, gives examples of both and discusses which crimes are wrong in themselves and which ones are only crimes because they are deemed illegal.
Outline:
Introduction
Natural Crimes
Legal Crimes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In civilized society there are natural crimes and legal crimes. While they are all crimes when held against the state, local or federal statutes they are viewed differently in the eyes of those who are mandated to uphold and obey them. For the purpose of discussion natural crimes are crimes that are morally and ethically wrong and would be wrong regardless of what the law said about them, while legal crimes will be discussed as crimes in which the only obvious rationale for them being deemed illegal is that the government has deemed them as such. "
|
|
|