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Working Mothers and Their Needs, 2008.
An in-depth examination of why working mothers are leaving their professional fields and what can be done about the situation.
6,707 words (approx. 26.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the recent phenomenon of working women leaving their professional careers in order to stay at home and care for their children. The paper analyzes the history of working women and how the trends have changed over time. The paper discusses ways to assist women so that they can manage to work as well as care for their children.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Literature Review
Work Life Programs
Telecommuting
Child Care Solutions
Job Sharing
Chapter Three
Discussion
Chapter Four
Future Considerations
Chapter Five
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For the past four decades working mothers have become a common place event. The value that they add to the national economy, the workplace environment, and the overall picture with regard to employers can be measured through the study of past research. Working mothers have recently begun to give up on trying to handle work stress and family stress and have begun abandoning professions and jobs to stay home with their children. Indicators of increased depression and other issues are beginning to surface through this occurrence and it is important to design and implement solutions that will allow working mothers to continue in their jobs while at the same time be able to address family needs."
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Deborah Sampson Gannet, 2008.
This paper discusses the life of Deborah Sampson Gannet, American feminist and patriot.
1,773 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Deborah Sampson Gannet impersonated a man for the purpose of serving in the colonial army and liberating her country from the British. The paper describes Sampson's wartime bravery and subsequent peacetime role of partial breadwinner for her impoverished household. The paper asserts that her story is important to retell today, in honor of her gender and her service to her country.
From the Paper
"Deborah Sampson Gannett is the first American woman known to have impersonated a man for the purpose of serving in the colonial army during the American Revolutionary War. The contributions of female figures such as Deborah Sampson Gannett have often remained ignored or unrecognized in contemporary accounts of colonial history, despite their major contributions to the early struggle for freedom, equality, and justice (Henrietta, 1997). Sampson did not lead soldiers to victory in a major battle like Joan of Arc. But feminists claim Sampson's life as important and worthy of study for what her example reveals about the age in which she lived, and because of her fearless determination."
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Billie Holiday, 2008.
This paper discusses the musical talent of Billie Holiday, an icon of the jazz music scene in the 1950s.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates the successes of Billie Holiday, an African-American jazz vocalist. The paper describes her gradual downturn due to her drug and alcohol abuse that caused her to be arrested several times and negatively impacted her voice. The paper concludes, however, that Billie Holiday was one of the best jazz vocalists ever, with her musical influence felt long after her death.
From the Paper
"Billie Holiday was born on April 7, 1915, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her real name was Eleanora Fagan and she was also known as "lady Day". She named herself Billie Holiday after the film star, Billie Dove. Many of the details about her early childhood years are unknown. What is known is that she spent much of her early youth living with relatives and that she later resided in New York with her mother. There is also evidence from various sources that "...she had experienced abuse and prostitution by her mid-teens" (Billie Holiday1915 - 1959: BBC)."
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Women and Alcohol, 2008.
This paper explores the situation regarding women alcoholics today.
1,594 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a brief history of women and alcohol, looks at the psychological causes for the disease and explores current research and statistics. The paper shows how women alcoholics are on the rise, especially among young women who may binge drink. The paper discusses the many different causes for alcohol abuse in women and asserts that scientists need to do more research in the area of female alcohol abuse, develop sounder methods of treating this debilitating disease and remove the stigmas involved in women alcoholics that stop women from seeking out treatments.
From the Paper
"Studies and information have not always acknowledged women alcoholics. For many years, most researchers and scientists studied men who abused alcohol, and ignored the fact that many women can also have problems with alcoholic consumption and abuse. Historically, this has also been the case. In fact, since the dawn of America in the 1600s, alcohol has been a part of the daily life of men and women, and there were probably more alcoholic women in Colonial America than at any other time in history. The Puritans brought more beer than water on the Mayflower, and they established breweries almost as soon as they arrived in the New World, largely because many water supplies were unfit to drink (Hanson, 2007)."
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"Woman" and "Celia", 2008.
This paper provides a visual analysis and comparison of two works of art and design from the Metropolitan museum:"Woman" by Willem de Kooning and "Celia" by John Graham.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies two works of art that are displayed in the Metropolitan museum. The writer notes that Willem de Kooning's "Woman" is an oil and charcoal rendering of an anonymous woman on canvas, composed in 1944. It is a flat-looking depiction of a female nude against a background that looks like a home. The writer compares this work to "Celia" by artist John Graham. The writer points out that Graham's work is a far softer looking painting, as it is painted in oil, with casein, charcoal, chalk, pencil, pen and ink on Masonite rather than pure, flat oil on canvas. The writer discusses that it showcases "Celia," a woman with a classically hourglass figure and long, soft hair against a black background more reminiscent of a 19th century or classical nude than a modernist depiction of a woman, even though the painting was created at the same time as "Woman."
From the Paper
"The space seems cramped, given her position, although there is no distinctive sense of location to the picture, other than the fact that it is indoors. The painting is classified as abstract expressionist in its color scheme, and its use of a mask-like face, which is reminiscent of some of Picasso's cubist works. Although this work is recognizably human, it seems like a grotesque rendering of the human form. The work seems more like smears or swirls on a canvas rather than a suggestion of someone one might know in life. The smile on the woman's face while she assumes an uncomfortable position, and the cartoon-like yellow, orange, green, and blues make it seem as if the work is a parody of a woman, as if the woman's image is being made intentionally ugly or distorted. Even if this was not de Kooning's intent, the artist's emphasis is on the arrangement of form, line, and color not the character of the woman herself. The woman exists as a subject, a series of surfaces, rather than a unique personality."
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Birth Control in England, 2008.
Discusses the social and political effects of birth control in England.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the early part of the 20th century, family planning on a more deliberate level began to appear in England due largely to the continued efforts of birth control advocate Marie Stopes (1880-1958). However, it was not until the second decade of the 20th century that birth control began to be seen as something important, realistic and necessary. The paper then relates the history in England of birth control and the life work of Stopes. The paper concludes that, although birth control is still seen by some people, such as some extremely devout Catholics, as being wrong; overall, there is no stigma in England to purchasing birth control methods even if a woman is unmarried, which is a marked difference from what took place during Stopes' lifetime.
From the Paper
"The idea of the importance of contraception actually began early on in the 19th century. At that time, much of the inspiration for that kind of movement came from a book called "An Essay on the Principle of Population" which was written in 1798 by a British political economist named Thomas Malthus. In his book, he argued that the population of the world would eventually grow to the point that the earth would not be able to actually support it. If this took place, famine, poverty, epidemics, and other significant and frightening problems would plague the human race."
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Gender Roles on TV, 2008.
A review of the inequality in gender roles in television shows.
1,692 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper states that now more than ever, the public holds dear the perception that women are gaining equal status on television, in the workplace, and in society. The paper then asserts that, while on the surface many television shows suggest women are empowered, there are still many areas where women are taking "a backseat to the boys." This paper addresses the status of women on television compared with their actual status in society, using a comprehensive review of research acquired through peer related journals.
From the Paper
"Glennon & Butsch note in a study of gender roles on television, conducted between 1946 and 1978, that while televisions stories often match social and economic changes within society, "the relationship between women and men remains the same" where men are often seen as the authoritative figure, especially in programs geared toward family viewers . Some studies suggest gender roles vary depending on the type or theme of programming. As mentioned, there is research suggesting family shows or those focusing on family life tend to continue portraying men as the primary "breadwinners" at least historically (Douglas & Olson 409). Only recently have women begun taking on more powerful roles, like the role Gina Davis played in "Commander In Chief" suggesting women have the desire and potential role to be authority figures. This sentiment has yet to be proven however, as a sentiment mirrored in society. As yet, there have been no female presidents, and it is only now that a woman, Hillary Clinton, is being considered a serious candidate for the Democratic Party. Will she win? That depends on how society feels about her skills, and perhaps her gender.
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Gender Roles in "Beowulf" and "Confessions", 2008.
A review of the history of gender roles and their depiction in "Beowulf" and St. Augustine's "Confessions."
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the depiction of gender roles in "Beowulf" and by St. Augustine in his "Confessions." The paper argues that pagan gender roles as described in "Beowulf" were different than those prescribed by St. Augustine in his "Confessions," demonstrating that Christian beliefs may have eliminated the "warrior-woman" of ancient times, leaving only the submissive role as a model for women to follow. The paper contains notes about the translation of "Beowulf" at the end.
From the Paper
"After six months in Cassiacum, Augustine was baptized in the church of St. John the Baptist in Milan. Then he and his mother started out on a trip to Africa, stopping at Civita Vecchia and at Ostia, where death claimed Monica. Mourning for his mother, Augustine penned the finest pages of his Confessions. Monica was a good mother, but Augustine regretted that, as a young man, he did not follow her example of Christian faith. However, Augustine credited Monica with planting the seeds of faith in his heart. He called his conversion a return to the faith she had instilled in him as a child. "So be fulfilled what my mother desired of me--more richly in the prayers of so many gained for her through these confessions of mine than by my prayers alone" (Confessions, Book IX.13.37)"
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Restoring the Hoop: First Nations Women, 2008.
This paper discusses Native Canadian Women, or First Nations Women and the effects of colonization and Western cultural infiltration.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the roles of First Nations Women have changed due to colonization. While women in Western cultures have traditionally held certain roles throughout history, ones that modern feminism makes attempts to equalize, these roles were not kept by Aboriginals, for example, in Canada. With the advent of Western infiltration, Western cultural values became instilled into native culture, disrupting their sense of identity. This paper aims to look at causes behind this change, the negative consequences that have ensued, and how to restore the gender balanced feminism and the esteemed role of women in the First Nations community.
Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Affects of Colonization
How Do We Repair the Hoop?
From the Paper
"Colonialism's main goal was to tear down the structure of the native communities and replace it with a new social order. The public school system was used a tool to meet this goal (Millroy, 1999). In this destruction of native life and culture, the balance between gender roles was replaced with a decidedly patriarchal society. One of the key examples of this is in naming practices. Naming practices in the Catholic church dictated that the first names be chosen by the church, rather than left up to chance with the parents (Devine, 2004). Colonization abolished the spiritually based naming practices of First Nations people.
"Women were stripped of their roles and their purpose in life. They were forced to take on a position similar to white women, and the role simply did not fit them. They found themselves between two worlds, longing for the one that they left behind and not belonging fully to the new one."
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Female Art, 2008.
A brief overview of the depiction and place of the female in art in ancient history.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, because women have always been an integral part of society, their role has been depicted in artwork from the very first sculptures and cave paintings. Not surprising, the way that they have been delineated through art has depended on their changing responsibilities. Also, when women create the art pieces instead of their male counterparts, differences are recognized. The paper compares and contrasts this status within several different cultures such as ancient Greek Egyptian and Minoan cultures. The paper concludes that in most cases, except for the Minoan culture, the women's status continued to decline as the culture became more structured and urban. Except for the earliest times, therefore, women have had a subservient role. This has not only been in Western society, but Eastern cultures as well.
From the Paper
"In the period of approximately 3500 BCE to 635 CE, or during such cultures as the Akkadian, Neo-Summarian, Babylonian and Hittite, when looking at the art work it is difficult to know whether the women are depicting female humans or actual goddesses. For example, a female head from Uruk, Iraq, made out of marble from 3200 to 3000 BCE may be a female head or the Summarian goddess Inanna (34). Inanna., later known as Ishtar, was the Summarian goddess of love and war who was the most important female deity in all periods of Mesopotamian history (35). In a Sumerian ruin from the fourth millennium, statues and reliefs are found that are related to her worship. It is unsure, however, whether or not this goddess was represented in human form at that time. Because of continued importance of fertility at the goddesses at this time, women most likely continued to play an important role. "
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WWII Women Pilots, 2008.
A review of the reasons, involvement, and necessity of training women pilots during World War II.
902 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The essay describes the origin, the need, the activities and the part played by women pilots in flying aircraft during World War II.
From the Paper
"The women, although only civil servants, wore uniforms and served bravely. They had been promised military status, but when male pilots began returning from the war, there were some complaints that women had usurped their jobs as pilots. Women pilots who served in the war effort during World War II were not granted veteran's benefits until more than thirty years later. In deference to the mens' need for jobs, many of the women returned to traditional roles. At the end of the war, thousands of American women were dismissed from military service under a mandate passed in the early forties that had initially encouraged their participation."
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A Southern Woman Author - Flannery O'Conner, 2008.
A review of the writings of Flannery O'Conner which reveal the central divisions in the Southern paradigm.
1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the most important themes in Flannery O'Conner's stories and characterizations deal with religion and oppression. In particular, the paper discusses O'Connor's story "Good Country People" and highlights how these themes relate to the dichotomies of simplicity and education, as well as oppression and freedom to express, to live, and to feel.
From the Paper
"Danny Duncan Collum relates the Southern culture of the 20th and even the beginning of the 21st century, with religion and religion. According to the author, their religious ardor is one of the elements that find specific expression in the writings of Southern authors, and particularly in those of female writers. "
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Westward Expansion and Reform in America, 2008.
This paper looks at the growth of the reform movements of America (1820-1850).
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the political reform movements that tried to shape the evolving American nation into a more compassionate society. The paper discusses the rise of evangelicalism, or popular religious Protestantism, that addressed concerns about slavery, the welfare of the most helpless members of society, such as the mentally ill and the imprisoned and the political influence of immigrants, women, African-Americans.
From the Paper
"From 1820-1850, America grew--geographically, it sprawled out into the Western territories, and economically, industrialism and immigration in the North created a more prosperous, but also a more diverse and divided society. In the wake of these changes, political reform movements tried to shape the evolving nation into a more compassionate society. Concerns about increasing the number of representative slave states in the legislature, questions about who would be politically influential in the America of the future (immigrants, women, or African-Americans), and concerns about the most helpless members of society, such as the mentally ill and the imprisoned, became thrust to the forefront of the American political consciousness. America began to define its value system, and this self-definition did not come easily, as the Southern half of the nation had a very different vision than the Northern part of the nation as to what constituted American morality and justice."
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Gender and Career Choices, 2008.
This paper explores the influence of gender on career choices today.
1,586 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the literature concerning the impact of gender on occupations in the past and today. The paper concludes that many of the same trends that have affected the gender of a given occupation in the past can be expected to come into play in the future as well. The paper points out, however, that the impact of technology will likely have more of an effect on these strict gender-divisions than in the 19th and even the 20th centuries. The paper explains that things are changing faster as more people seek out alternative work arrangements such as telecommuting, where an individual's gender will likely be of less significance. The paper includes a table, graphs and extensive source material.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Some men and women may simply disregard certain career fields because of stereotypical perceptions of either the work involved or of the types of people that seek out such professions. In the not-so-distant past, people's career choices were related in many ways to their gender, with many fields being regarded as the sole domain of either men or women. Today, though, women enjoy many of the same opportunities as their male counterparts in almost every field of endeavor, and while the so-called glass ceiling may remain firmly in place in some regions of the country, enormous progress has been made in recent years to help level the playing field for everyone in the United States in terms of employment."
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Nawal Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero", 2008.
Looks at the theme of female degradation in Egyptian novelist Nawal Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero" (1998) and its broader feminist and cultural implications.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, throughout the world today, in different ways and for different reasons, fiction, film, politics, the Internet and the mass media have taken a dim view of the particularly inhumane treatment of many Muslim women within southern areas, such as the Africa, where Islam is practiced. The paper then points out that the Egyptian woman novelist Nawal El Saadawi, who is also a physician and a feminist, has written many fictional and non-fictional works about women's unequal treatment by men in Islamic societies. "Woman at Point Zero" (1998 and first published in 1975 ) is a stark, disturbing and poignant novel. The paper relates the plot of Saadawi's story about the protagonist Firdaus, an Egyptian-born perpetually abused woman, who out of desperation becomes a prostitute and murders a pimp.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Firdaus herself is neither an evil person nor a hardened criminal (or a criminal at all, except in the sense of having also been driven by desperation into being a prostitute); Firdaus is simply a chronically abused, rejected, degraded and humiliated 20th century Muslim woman in Egypt who arrives at "Ground Zero" on one especially unfortunate day. Within this story, Firdaus's degrading experiences both exemplify and underscore the degradation of Muslim women like herself generally, whose repressive and cruel societies under male-dominated fundamentalist Islam make it impossible for such women to catch a break in life."
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Feminist Diversity, 2008.
An analysis of women's liberation with respect to the self, sexuality and family or personal relationships as described in the book, "The Politics of Passion" by Gloria Wekker.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concepts of self, sexuality, and relationships referencing Gloria Wekker's work, "The Politics of Passion", to explain how important women's notions of self, sexuality, and relationships are to understanding women's liberation, resistance, and domination in society.
Outline:
Introduction
Self, Sexuality and Relationships
Passion Leads to Liberation
Paradigm of Power
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wekker suggests that while many people associate women's "mati work" or kinship as negative, in part because it produces an "unequal sex ratio and unpleasant experiences and disappointments with men," (p. 172) there are many upsides to these relationships for women, none the least of which is not having to worry about getting pregnant (although mati women freely engage in heterosexual relations to produce children if they want). Overall Wekker demonstrates that the dominant paradigms that exist about women and their kinship do not take into consideration the number of women who make positive choices and decisions in their lives that empower them emotionally, "sexually and economically" when they are involved most intimately with other women rather than with men. "
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Harriet Tubman, 2008.
The life story of Harriet Tubman as related in the book, " Harriet Tubman: The Life and Life Stories" by Jean Hubman.
1,667 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life story and activities of Harriet Tubman. In discussing the book "Harriet Tubman: The Life and Life Stories" by Jean Humez the paper relates that Tubman was an African-American abolitionist who was originally a slave and, after escaping from slavery, assisted in the rescue of friends and family. The paper states that her most important role was that of abolitionist and the fact that she had liberated countless slaves. The paper concludes that Harriet Tubman had a strong impact on others, and continues to do so today, many years after her death.
From the Paper
" In 1871, a man named William Still published a work entitled The Underground Railroad, and in it he included a thorough description of Tubman and the work that she did. Still's work captured the seriousness of the issue and how much effort and time Tubman actually put into what she was doing (Humez, 2003). It also told first-hand accounts of some of the people that she had helped and how this had taken place. Arrangements were made at night and Harriet would go with a group of others to rescue individuals that were put in carriages and other transportation and spirited away. The operation was carried out quickly and quietly, with a well-organized plan and a minimum of fuss, which ensured that it worked well and put the people in as little danger as was possible given what they were doing (Humez, 2003)."In 1871, a man named William Still published a work entitled The Underground Railroad, and in it he included a thorough description of Tubman and the work that she did. Still's work captured the seriousness of the issue and how much effort and time Tubman actually put into what she was doing (Humez, 2003). It also told first-hand accounts of some of the people that she had helped and how this had taken place. Arrangements were made at night and Harriet would go with a group of others to rescue individuals that were put in carriages and other transportation and spirited away. The operation was carried out quickly and quietly, with a well-organized plan and a minimum of fuss, which ensured that it worked well and put the people in as little danger as was possible given what they were doing."
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Kimono History, 2008.
An analysis of the history of the kimono and its influence on contemporary fashion design.
1,837 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the kimono as simple apparel, in terms of shape and very complex in terms of design and artistry. The paper relates the origin of the term and its meaning, as well as the intricate design, styles and the influence it has had on fashion. The paper concludes that the traditional kimono still plays a very important part in contemporary fashion, not as an exotic element, but as an integral part of the designs for either casual or evening ware.
From the Paper
"Kawakubo, Miyake and Yamamoto are considered as the designers who made these first steps towards a new fashion more concrete: "While Kenzo is considered a pioneer among all Japanese designers, Kawakubo, Miyake and Yamamoto are the ones who created a new style characterized by monochromatic, asymmetrical and baggy looks."(Kawamura, 2004, 125) The asymmetrical and baggy look of their designs is clearly influenced by the loose form of the kimono. Sometimes, in Miyake's creations for example, the dresses are completely shapeless and have random holes that offer a certain freedom when wearing them: "There was a garment that was totally out of shape and had four holes. You could hardly tell which holes are supposed to be for the arms to go in or the neck to go in. During the rehearsal, Issey's patternmakers would be going around the dressers making sure we knew which hole was for which part of the body." (Kawamura, 2004, 134) This freedom of wear is also influenced by the kimono, which, although worn according to prescribed rules, can always be adjusted to the body or to the occasion, etc. Also, Miyake uses a special method in his designs that is called "A Piece of Cloth","that is clothes made out of a single piece of cloth which would entirely cover the body."
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Planned Parenting in the Philippines, 2008.
This study provides an applied anthropological analysis of family planning in the Philippines while assessing the role gender inequities play in family planning preferences.
3,712 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer of the paper explores planned parenting in the Philippines as it relates to gender equality rights and cultural preferences, using an anthropological perspective and analysis. The paper begins by outlining the evolution of family planning perceptions in the Philippines through recent history and defines how previous perceptions have influenced male and female responsibilities regarding planned parenting. The paper explores this subject using an applied anthropology approach, investigating human behavior and the applications it has to contemporary issues, in this case planned parenting. This approach offers a view of human behavior in the Philippines grounded in cultural exploration and actions resulting from such cultural investigation.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Background to Study
Evolution of Family Planning Perceptions in the Philippines
Overview 1990s and Beyond
Perceptions of Male-Female Responsibilities
Analysis and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The results of the study suggest that historically family planning in the Philippines has been widely ignored despite increasing interest among women to limit the number of children they have.
"While recent initiatives have encouraged more emphasis on modern contraceptive use and methods of pregnancy prevention, recent decentralization of political policy has lead to little motivation for women to seek family planning alternatives and often resorting to abortion as a method of pregnancy prevention. Women seem to be the primary decision-makers when it comes to family planning, although in many cases husbands seem to object based on prenatal beliefs or concerns about the costs associated with family planning. This study also shows that healthcare providers consist largely of women in the Philippines with the exception of doctors, and most of these women often encourage women to engage in safe family planning practice. "
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