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Marketing Power of the Lesbian Community, 2007.
Summarizes and discusses the articles, "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity", by Fred Fejes and "Commodity Lesbianism", by Danae Clark.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at two articles dealing with the growing economic, political and marketing power of the lesbian/gay community: "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity" and "Commodity Lesbianism". The writer explains that the gay and lesbian communities are finding themselves more recognized in society because marketers and advertisers have seen the importance of the demographic for marketing campaigns. The writer suggests that this new-found attention from the marketing community has produced some interesting social and political effects. In conclusion the article suggests that capitalism is creating a new identity for the the lesbian/gay community and that this identity is built on the recognition of the lesbian community as a viable and important market that can be exploited.
From the Paper
"In "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity" Fred Fejes examines the complicated relationship that gays and lesbians have developed between political agency and economic power. In fact, the interesting point that Fejes makes is that it may be that gays and lesbians are gaining political equality and clout not through traditional economic means. Other minority and disenfranchised groups have, in the past, developed political equality because they have controlled some aspect of economic production and/or capital. This is not the case with the gay and lesbian communities, Fejes argues. Instead, this group is gaining political ground because mainstream society is beginning to recognize the important market position of these individuals as consumers."
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Women in Music Videos, 2007.
This paper discusses the portrayal of women in music videos.
1,636 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in our consumerist society, music is one of the most important money-spinners. The writer points out that as noted by Julie L. Andsager and Kimberly Roe, music videos are very important in this industry as they play an important role in launching the careers of artists. Moreover, the writer describes that music videos enjoy an enormous following among teenagers, which means that they likely play an important role in forming their opinions about important issues such as gender roles. This research paper investigates the key issue of how music videos portray women. The writer maintains that as music videos have the potential to impact the lives of so many women, and to form the opinions of so many young people of all genders, the portrayal of women in music videos is clearly a matter of great importance.
From the Paper
"Clearly there exist destructive music videos which encourage sexism and the objectifying of women. This is cause for great concern as such music videos clearly have the potential to encourage men to treat women as mere sex objects. Even more troubling is the fact that some music videos seem to actively encourage and promote violence against women. For example, Van Horn found that more than half of the music videos he examined contained violence, and that all too often this was violence against women. An Eminem song, Kim, illustrates this chillingly well. The following is not the entire song, but merely excerpts, but it should be kept in mind that the entire song is sickeningly violent, not only these excerpts."
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Women and Fundamentalism in the Abrahamic Religions, 2007.
An analysis of the roles of women, fundamentalism and marriage within the context of Christianity, Islam and Judaism.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the roles of women, fundamentalism and marriage within the context of Abrahamic religions. It discusses the importance of these three factors in making up the crucial issues that are part of the modern perceptions of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. It discusses the major impact that religious fundamentalism can have on society and compares the major tenets of sexuality and marriage within Christianity, Judaism and Islam.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the role of women, fundamentalism, and marriage are challenging issues within the context of Abrahamic religions in modern secular society. In many ways, the limited role of women and marriage for these age-old religious faiths is being reconstructed within the modern world. Although the rising problem of religious fundamentalism is challenging secular government in recent times, they are normatively small groups that do not hold sway over the majority rule. In this manner, the changing role of women, fundamentalism, and marriage are crucially critical issues that need to understood within context of Abrahamic religions in the 21st century."
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Gender as Performance, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of Judith Butler's perspective on gender as performance while reviewing her article "Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire".
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that explaining and critiquing Judith Butler's notion of gender as performance requires examining her article, "Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire" and comparing Butler's views to those of other feminists and sociologists. The writer points out that Butler's notion of gender as performance is primarily based on her interpretations of Foucault and Nietzsche and can best be described as calling upon women to challenge the language of internalization by physically signifying their very essence, style, and necessity. The writer concludes that Butler's approach to formulating a feminist language involves overcoming cultural constructs of gender by redefining gender as performance and rejecting outmoded forms of expressing gender identity and sexuality.
From the Paper
"In practical terms, this means that acts, gestures, and expressions of desires create the illusion of a socially conformist gender identity, which reflects society's determination to regulate sexuality in accordance with traditional standards of acceptable conduct and behavior."
"Through insights such as this, sociologists like Butler have contributed to a broader understanding of gender issues, for they have studied unexamined aspects of gender such as the sexuality of women who have desires considered to be on the margins of society, and have examined manifestations of gender behavior that lie outside the traditional areas of social interaction. Some of their conclusions have stirred controversy, but this is to be expected in a prevailing social and cultural environment which discourages frank discussions about sexuality."
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Welfare among Single Mothers, 2007.
A review of K. Harris' article "Work and Welfare among Single Mothers in Poverty".
844 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes K. Harris' article "Work and Welfare among Single Mothers in Poverty," which examines the relationship between work and welfare for poor, female-headed families. The paper looks at the work that single mothers on welfare eventually do, if any, and discusses how Harris traces the ways that single mothers work their way off of welfare. The paper presents the results of Harris' research.
From the Paper
"In fact, Harris (1993) found significant labor market activity among her subjects. Two-thirds of all welfare exits occurred because of a work situation, challenging the assumption that these women do not work at the same time as they receive welfare. From a personal perspective, this is a refreshing point-of-view. No matter the cultural conception or the cited statistics, welfare recipients are simply not living in the proverbial lap of luxury. No state, as of the mid-1990s providing so much in the way of welfare benefits that would provide an income even close to the poverty level (Pollitt, 1996). Just for an individual to reach the poverty level would require finding work in addition to welfare benefits. I can empathize with this situation, coming from a family in which working full time did not necessarily mean that one could meet every bill, every time."
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Hildegard von Bingen, 2007.
This paper analyzes the biography and musical innovations of Hildegard of Bingen.
2,532 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the many differing musical innovations of the medieval composer Hildegard von Bingen. The paper discusses her biographical background as a woman in the Roman Catholic Church in relation to the spirituality of her music. The paper also looks at her status as a feminist innovator of her time. The paper shows how her spiritual music deviated from normative western religious music interpretations of medieval vocal chant.
From the Paper
"Hildegard von Bingen was born in 1098 into a family of German nobles from the courts of Sponheim at Bermersheim. In most historical evaluations of her life it was known that she was the 10th daughter and was found to be sickly and weak at birth. However, her family quickly sent her to be educated at the Disibodenberg monastery after her apparent recovery from illness at a young age. At the monastery she was brought under the tutelage of Jutta, a famous nun that played a crucial role in her educational development within the Roman Catholic Church. In many ways, religious education at the nunnery directly resulted in her acquiring the musical lessons and spiritual inspiration to understand the complexities of composing music within the Church tradition. Yet there is a contradictory historical perspective that tells of von Bingen never actually being taught composition, but that it was an act of God that gave her the gift of music."
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Canadian Gender Roles, 2007.
This paper explores gender roles and how they have evolved in Canadian families.
1,888 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a historical analysis of the evolution of gender roles and the economics of the Canadian family over time. The paper shows how this evolution was notably conservative in many respects in perpetuating the sexism and economic gender inequalities of the past.
The paper discusses how women still remain the primary source of domestic labor and male economic predominance continues within most households. The paper stresses that while the social direction points towards greater equity, we must not lose sight of the enduring economic injustices and burdens that women bear in both the domestic sphere and in the paid labor force.
From the Paper
"The statement that in Canadian society men are no longer considered the "sole breadwinners" nor women only fit for "domesticity" is an assertion that, upon initial review, appears incontrovertible. After all, the rise of the dual-income family and the increasing prominence of women in the paid labour force is a widely recognized phenomenon in Canada as in most western countries."
"This being said, however, upon closer review it may be argued that the situation in terms of gender roles in the Canadian economy and labour force is not quite as clear as this statement would suggest. As this essay will argue, while men are no long the sole breadwinners, they do retain significant economic dominance in Canadian households as in the labour force as a whole."
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Gender in "Twelfth Night", 2007.
This paper explores the issue of gender from the perspective of the character of Viola in Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night".
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Viola's presentation of gender in "Twelfth Night", which implicitly challenges the strict binary gender system that prescribes different and opposite behaviors for the two genders. The paper shows how the character of Viola stands in stark contradiction to long-standing prejudices about the weaknesses and frailty of women. The paper also points out, however, Viola remains a victim of the prejudices of her society, in that from her own perspective, she continues to see women as frail.
From the Paper
"In Twelfth Night, Viola and Sebastian are twins, but they are separated in a storm at sea. Viola adopts male garb, and the name Cesario, as a survival strategy - to enable herself to get a job working for the Duke Orsino. Thus, Violet is not explicitly making a statement about gender when she begins passing as a male - rather, she is simply making a statement about wanting to survive. However, the necessity for her to adopt this strategy does of course arise from the strict sex-based segregation of the times. Despite the fact that Viola does not intend to buck the binary-gender system in any way, she certainly seems to enjoy "being a man," and moreover, the fact that she adopts a male persona inevitably leads to gender-based complications. For example, the Countess Olivia falls in love with her, while "Cesario" falls in love with Duke Orsino, and "Cesario" is challenged to a duel by the jealous Sir Andrew. Viola's gender switch thus lays the foundation for much of the plot. However, despite being a plot device, it also makes it possible for Viola to present an alternative representation of gender."
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Contemporary Feminism, 2007.
An analysis of "Others in their Own Land: Second Generation South Asian Canadian Women, Racism and the Persistence of Colonial Discourse" by Angela Aujla, "Why I'm a Feminist" by Lauren Anderson, and the film "Iron Jawed Angels" by Katja Von Garnier.
1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper examines two articles and a film: Angela Augla's article, "Others in their Own Land: Second Generation South Asian Canadian Women, Racism and the Persistence of Colonial Discourse", Lauren Anderson's article, "Why I'm a Feminist", and the film "Iron Jawed Angels" directed by Katja Von Garnier. The paper focuses on key concepts in these texts and explains how they are significant for contemporary feminism. The paper discusses Aujla's concept of "othering", Anderson's talk of solidarity, and the film's portrayal of the many enormous challenges to solidarity among women.
From the Paper
"In her article, Aujla focuses on how racist and colonial discourses inherited from the past continue to influence dominant discourses today, and on the way in which South Asian Canadian women are still perceived by the dominant culture. These discourses function to keep South Asian Canadian women marginalized within Canadian society, and ensure that no matter how many generations of their family have lived here, they are still never truly Canadian enough, or white enough, to be part of the dominant culture and dominant discourse. They are thus permanent "others" in their own countries."
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"The Color Purple", 2007.
This paper evaluates the race, sexism, letters and sewing within "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker.
1,687 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the racial, sexist, letter and sewing symbolism within "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker. The paper analyzes how Walker treats the issues of slavery and patriarchal male constructs in the novel and thus defines the female African-American experience.
From the Paper
"The sexism within The Color Purple is controlled through a patriarchal racist institution of slavery. In one example in the novel, slave women had no rights to their children after birth. Nettie is a woman that has given birth to children, but plantation owners took their children after birth to sell into slavery. The issue of male dominance plays a major role in how women are perceived, especially as servants to the male populations on the plantation and within society. Although it might be easy to perceive the anger in Netti or Celie's voice in the novel, one really sees a women trying to stay alive and find people with love in their hearts."
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Ecofeminism, 2007.
This paper discusses the ecofeminist theory that combines ecology with feminism.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the origins of ecofeminism and discusses the three main aspects of the modern ecofemnist movement; philosophy, political activism and spirituality. The paper discusses how ecofeminism believes that the domination and oppression of women by men is directly related to the mistreatment of the environment. The paper explains ecofeminists' claims that women are suffering more from the adverse impacts of environmental degradation compared to men. The paper shows how ecofeminists attempt to force the international communities to include gender as a perspective for sustainable policy making.
From the Paper
"Ecofeminism is a political and philosophical movement that symbolizes the union of the radical ecology, or what has been called deep ecology, and feminism. "The term ecofeminism was coined by French theorist Francoise d'Eaubonne in 1972, who developed the "Ecologie-Feminisme" group, arguing that the destruction of the environment is due to the profit motif inherent in male power" (Ruether, 2005, p.91). Ecofeminism today has expanded to include the belief that there is a direct connection between the oppression of women, the oppression of 'the others' (through racism, class-ism, ethnic and religious intolerance etc.) and the domination and oppression of nature. Kirk, (2006), points out "how gender, race, class, imperialism and the global capitalist economy are connected to ecological destruction" (p.502). This oppression is twofold: it is ideological-cultural and it is socio-economic. The goal of ecofeminists is to eliminate this oppression and to change the conceptual framework, which is responsible for creating a world in which differences lead to domination."
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Women and Sports, 2007.
This essay discusses the issue of femininity as it relates to sports.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a reflection analysis of three different articles from three different periods. The writer looks at the following three articles: "No Man's Land of Sport" by Alexandrine Gibb, "Whitby Senior Public School Girls Win Third Straight Volleyball Crown" by Malcolm Johnson, and "Sports Briefs" from The Toronto Star. Specifically, the paper looks at the socially-constructed body as it pertains to women in sports. In addition, the writer discusses the issues of femininity that arise when looking at the three articles. In the end, the writer argues that attitudes vis-a-vis the female form and female involvement in athletics have evolved generally in a positive manner.
From the Paper
"Instead, coverage of women's sports veered towards the athletic abilities of female participants. For example, a January 1985 article in the Toronto Star mentions how Whitby Senior Public School's victory in the Durham Elementary Athletic Association volleyball championships is a testament to the commitment of the athletes involved. In particular, writer Malcolm Johnson approvingly cites coach Jim Higgs, who mentions both competitive zeal and commitment as well as skill as being the chief determinants of his team's success. Suffice it to say, these young girls are now viewed as athletes and as competitors rather than as mass commodities with "nice legs"; just as significantly, there does not appear to be any social construction of the female form at all in this particular article - although the young age of the female competitors involved necessarily argues against that, anyways. Nonetheless, athletic achievement has supplanted "old-fashioned" notions of femininity."
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Traditional Gender Roles, 2007.
This paper analyzes when changes have occurred in traditional gender roles.
1,027 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that in times of crisis, or in unusual circumstances, traditional gender roles are often ignored or relaxed. The paper illustrates this phenomenon by looking at the Suffragette Movement of the First World War era, the Second World War and the Women's Rights Movement of the nineteen-sixties and nineteen-seventies.
From the Paper
"The Suffragette Movement of the early twentieth century, which culminated in American women winning the right to vote, had been slowly gaining support among women for decades, but little progress was made until the First World War. This global conflict swept away traditional beliefs and values, and produced a brief era of idealism and liberalism. Millions of American women challenged prevailing attitudes about gender roles and rejected the centuries-old conviction that they should play no role in politics or government simply because they were women. (Collins 304-305)"
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Transcendence and Immanence, 2007.
An analysis of the concepts of transcendence and immanence in terms of Simone de Beauvoir's feminist analysis.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concepts of transcendence and immanence in terms of Simone de Beauvoir's feminist analysis. In this context, it argues that Beauvoir's use of these concepts to describe how the lives of women and men in society are distinctly culturally gendered, is not only substantiated when considered in its own historical context, but also illuminates our understanding of gender roles in Western society in the early 21st century.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, while it may justly be said that Beauvoir is "biased" in her use of the concepts of "transcendence" and "immanence" as descriptive models of the structures that support the oppression of women in everyday life, and in her objectives to subvert this oppression and promote the liberty of women, it cannot be said that her work display "gender bias" in this area. This term implies a level of "prejudice" that potentially undermines the value of a work given the particular interests or agenda of the author. Given the extraordinary care and attention of Beauvoir in her use of these concepts to reinforce her arguments with respect to the oppression of women in Western society, and the fact that these arguments have withstood the text of time and the critique of leading authorities and scholars over the past half-century, Beauvoir's use of "transcendence" and "immanence" cannot be represented as displaying "gender bias"."
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Women and the English Duel, 2007.
A look at women and duelling in the 17th century, as described in "The Female Duel," attributed to Thomas Toll.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the English duel in the 17th century. The paper looks at the reasons for duelling - commonly over women, because of rival factions, over public office, because of family quarrels or inheritance and because of disputed honorifics. The paper suggests that far from being the ideal of nobility, duelling was in fact a sport of violence by which comparatively minor offenses were settled by blood. It then specifically analyzes women and dueling at that time and analyzes "The Female Duell," attributed to Thomas Toll.
From the Paper
"We could expect readers of the era to peruse this tale with a superficial sense of morality and civil decency that perhaps masked a deeper, more perverse, desire to read a story about two women who went out to fight formally over the love of a man. We can expect that then, as now, such a situation might have been the fantasy of more than one Englishman. Despite the fact that there are historical examples of women engaging in duels, fighting in battles, and even living as highwaymen, it was still much more rare than the sight of two men fighting over the love of a single woman. For the situation to be reversed highlights the extremes to which even the fairer sex can go in the name of love."
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Male Violence Today, 2007.
This paper looks at "Seventeen Syllables and Other Stories" by Hisaye Yamamoto and focuses on the prevalence of male violence today.
701 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the concerns raised in Hisaye Yamamoto's story are still prevalent today; the threat of male violence against women still plagues modern society. The paper maintains that society itself produces, perpetuates, and tolerates male aggression, which is often manifested as violence against women. The paper relates further that male aggression and violence is so pervasive and tolerated in modern society that resisting it often feels like a lonely, futile battle against overwhelming odds.
From the Paper
"In many cases, the reasons for the fear and reluctance of many modern women to report abuse, domestic violence or rapes are the same as the reasons cited by the women in Yamamoto's story. For example, the essay relates that Mary was assaulted on her way to work by a man "who came from behind and grabbed her, gave her a choice between one kiss and rape." She was terrified and traumatized, but doubted that reporting the assault would do any good, for she hadn't seen the man, could not provide a description of him, and did not believe the authorities would make much of an effort to investigate the incident. (Yamamoto 2-3)"
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Virginia Woolf and Professional Women, 2007.
A looks at impediments for professional women in the early twentieth century according to "Professions for Women" by Virginia Woolf.
786 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Virginia Woolf can be remembered as a feminist and how she left behind a rich legacy of literature, among which were several passionate appeals regarding the rights of women. In particular, the paper examines Woolf's essay, "Professions for Women", and how it discusses the impediments facing professional women writers of her time. The paper shows that Woolf believed that these impediments were applicable to all women professionals, not just writers. Thus, the paper argues, that Woolf's essay should be seen as an early piece of feminist writing.
From the Paper
"Woolf refers to these impediments as "phantoms and obstacles." The phantom she refers to is what she calls the Angel in the House. This phantom is a personification of the social strictures that were imposed on women in Woolf's time. These strictures dictated that a woman should defer to men in every possible way. The name of the phantom probably derives from the fact that it advocates the behaviours which men would deem appropriately "pure" or "angelic" for women, and from the fact that one of the most important strictures was that women should remain within the domestic sphere - and certainly not venture into the professional sphere."
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Women and the Enlightenment, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of enlightenment thought and ideas in Mary Wollstonecraft's 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Mary Wollstonecraft's seminal work, 'A Vindication of the Rights of Women', may be read as a product of the Enlightenment in terms of its privileging reason and the ideas of social progress and utility, in its critical analysis of the social structures that perpetuate female subordination in European society. This essay reviews Wollstonecraft's text from within the context of the Enlightenment. The writer argues the thesis that Wollstonecraft's proposals with respect to the central role of education in defining women's rights and freedoms reflect key Enlightenment values of reason, social progress and utility.
From the Paper
"From this Enlightenment perspective, ideas and arguments have value not in and of themselves but in how they advance the happiness of the greatest number of the human population. This premise is not only the basis of Wollstonecraft's critique of her fellow Enlightenment philosopher Rousseau but is also the justification for her entire argument that human society as a whole would benefit significantly from promoting the education and rationality of the female population."
"In advancing this program, Wollstonecraft considers the Enlightenment idea of "reason" to be absolutely central to promoting the rights of women and the social progress of Europe as a whole."
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Effects of Breast Cancer on Self-Image, 2007.
A literature review as to the effects of breast cancer on body image and self-image.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the affects of breast cancer on the self-image of affected women. It begins by discussing how self-image is interrelated with body image, as well as preconceptions over the disease process. It analyzes the literature that discusses how a woman's body image can develop into a positive self regard over time as treatment progresses because the focus is on survival.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Critique
Nursing Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The studies produced several very significant findings. First of all, self-image eventually is altered in a positive direction as a result of a diagnosis of breast cancer (Kraus, 1999; Kieren & Nabboltz, 1997). Women do experience real fears and problems accepting themselves after chemotherapy and surgery. The women who had the most positive self image are those who "believed they had a choice regarding treatment, were active participants with the surgeon in the decision-making process, were well informed, and were very satisfied with their treatment decision 8 weeks after their breast cancer treatment" (Kraus, 1999). Patient teaching is the most important issue highlighted by these studies."
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