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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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Why are so Few Women Participating in Politics, 2008.
An overview of women's participation in the world of politics.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of women participating in politics and argues that the suffragettes had it the wrong way around as the fact of women being able to vote did not suffice to bring about gender equity in society. This author explains the necessity to change society radically, from its ideological foundations upwards, which will result in an equalization of material conditions for the sexes, and in turn, manifest as equivalent levels of political participation.
From the Paper
"It is necessary to preface this argument with an important caveat, so that we are not working from a basis of simplistic over-generalizations. The first thing that should be borne in mind is that globally, levels of female participation vary. As noted by Oyewumi (2005):
The worldwide ... male dominance in all spheres of human endeavour is normally negatively correlated with women's participation in politics. The higher the level of male dominance in society, the lower women's participation in politics. Put another way, it is assumed that in any given society, the more equal ... women are to men, the greater their political participation, and the greater their political participation the more equal they are. (p. 1)
Oyewumi (2005) concedes that this is a chicken and egg situation, but argues that improved material conditions for women (such as more access to education) will lead to greater political participation. However, many societies in Africa still incorporate vast differences in material conditions for men and women. Accordingly, Oyewumi (2005) notes that the level of female participation in politics in Africa tends to be low, with some notable exceptions. While this provides the basis for a sociological or materialist explanation of low participation by women in politics in Africa, it fails to adequately account for the low participation of women in politics in the Global North. While full equality has yet to be achieved, the fact is that many doors are open to women, that were never open before. How then do we account for this apparent anomaly?"
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Women of Power, 2008.
A look at the role of native women in pre-confederation Canada.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that native women who married white fur traders in pre-confederation Canada, did so because they knew that they fulfilled an important intermediary role within native/white business relations, and thus stood to see their social and economic status increase dramatically through marriage to non-native men. It was understood that being a translator and a bridge to both worlds was an excellent means of accruing power, status and capital. The paper maintains that, although there were external pressures that may often have propelled native women into one marriage or another, the final decision to marry a white man was chiefly prompted by self-interest.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the early Canadian fur trade that prospered in Canada during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would not have been possible unless two racial groups - Native Americans and their European counterparts - found a way to work together in some fashion for the enrichment of both. Sylvia Van Kirk, one of the more perceptive students of the old Canadian fur trade, has written that the native women in those Indian communities that came into contact with white European traders found themselves caught between two groups of males: the male leaders of their own community, and the enterprising traders of the European colonizers. In a very real sense, these native women used their status as the wives of traders to act as "go-betweens" or as "social brokers" between two groups with often strained relations. In fact, Van Kirk is largely of the view that native women used their status as a go-between to bolster their own stature while, at the very same time, they coveted the economic power that derived from being the wife of a fur trader. In that sense, the old notion that these women were somehow agent-less victims is one that desperately needs to be cast aside in favor of a more modern interpretation."
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Community Analysis, 2008.
An explanation of the various nested systems in the family unit involved in the psychological development of a child.
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an explanation of the four nested systems of roles, norms and rules that have a direct impact on the psychological development of a child. The author draws on her own experiences within her family unit and the influence of the microsystems of her family to illustrate her points and suggests that mothers should be educated and empowered on how to educate and empower their daughters from birth.
From the Paper
"This binary gender system comes complete with expectations for all aspects of existence. I believe these are dictated by the macrosystem, but interestingly, are primarily communicated and enforced by the microsystem. Thus, this interaction is that the microsystem acts as a conduit, passing on the values of the macrosystem, and making sure they are enforced. For a start, it defined the role I was supposed to play: nurturing, caring, empathetic, passive, meek, accommodating, with a particular love of housework drudgery and sewing. Secondly, it defined a wide range of norms I was supposed to conform to: feminine, with a love of pretty dresses and other adornments, and a disdain for dirt and sweat. Later, I was supposed to become coquettish yet fundamentally chaste, and to use indirect wiles to achieve my goals, rather than direct demands. Finally, all of this came with iron-clad rules that were not to be broken. There were so many of these that it is impossible to record them all. However, examples would be: Girls must not climb trees; girls must never fight; girls are allowed to cry if there is a good enough reason; all girls must love to play with dolls at all time; all girls must wear pink dresses at least three times a week; girls are expected to exhibit extra diligence with their schoolwork to make up for their natural inferiority; etc."
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Patriarchal Victorian Society, 2008.
This paper analyzes the patriarchal institution of marriage in "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and "Hedda Gabler" by Henrik Ibsen.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the marital relationships of the couples in in "Hedda Gabler" by Henrik Ibsen and "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The paper shows how although these four characters provide differing levels of abuse and conflict, there is the central premise of female submission in the institution of Victorian marriages.
From the Paper
"Hedda Gabler is yet another play in which Ibsen is blatantly misogynist in his values toward women, but not without ding an element of revolt in their lack of conforming to patriarchal Victorian principles. Gabler is invariably the same type of woman that desires to be respected by the men in her life, but she does not often go against social norms to eradicate the institutional misogyny that she faces with George in her marriage. Ibsen seeks to show the difference between social independence and social acceptance in many of the characters that he presents in this play. George Tesman is the Victorian intellectual that sees his wife as a caretaker for the house, and he often neglects to treat her as an equal."
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"Rebecca": Women and Society, 2008.
An in-depth examination of the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier.
3,827 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the novel "Rebecca" by Daphne Du Maurier and focuses on how the role of women in a patriarchal society is given particular attention in the context of the novel. The paper refers to the novel "Jane Eyre" by Emile Bronte that also reflects some of the same themes about women in an earlier era. The paper examines the gothic elements present in this work and shows how Du Maurier paints a picture of society as it was.
From the Paper
"The central character is a woman who becomes involved in a romantic relationship. She is a woman ultimately bound to the past, a past which interferes with the present and which makes a meaningful relationship nearly impossible until the holdovers from that past are resolved. In Rebecca, the past is represented in a dead woman who effectively--though not literally--"haunts" the house where the husband brings his new wife. Maxim de Winter was once married to Rebecca, and her presence is still felt throughout the house where they lived together, a presence reinforced by her clothes, her room, and her portrait. The new wife--a woman set apart from everyone else by the fact that neither the novel nor the film gives her a name, though the whole story is seen through her eyes--feels this presence most acutely. She also believes that Max loved Rebecca so much that he cannot escape from her memory, making the role of new wife especially difficult. This turns out not to be the case, but the new wife believes it and reacts accordingly."
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Hildegard and Sex Complementarity, 2008.
A discussion of equality of the sexes in Sister Prudence Allen's article "Hildegard of Bingen".
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a close look at Sister Prudence Allen's article on Hildegard of Bingen, entitled "Hildegard of Bingen" (1985). The paper maintains that the article's main point is that Hildegard was the very first person to articulate the theory of the complementarity of the sexes. The article claims that this complementarity theory was original to Hildegard; thus Hildegard made a significant contribution to the history of the concept of woman in relation to man. The paper agrees with the article, concluding that Hildegard did indeed succeed in vindicating the equality of woman with man by presenting a cogent, comprehensive and multifaceted argument for the complementarity of man and woman.
From the Paper
"However, the important point is that Hildegard balanced this notion with a defence of the quality of woman and man, based on a metaphysical framework of sex complementarity in heaven and in the world. For example, in procreation, while man deposits the cold seed, it is woman's warmth that must grow the seed. Similarly, in heaven male saints are equal to but different from female saints; while on earth woman and man have equal access to both the private and public spheres of activity (Allen, 1985)."
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Cohabitation, Divorce and Stepfamilies, 2008.
This paper discusses cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies based on the book "The Family" by Ross. J. Eshleman.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies. The paper discusses each of these issues in relation to the impact that it has on the individuals within society and the facts that are connected to the life events. The paper uses the work of Ross Eshleman to explore each of these concerns, with the research offering facts that are connected to the most current state of cohabitation, divorce and stepfamilies
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Cohabitation
Divorce
Stepfamilies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Eshleman (2003) states that all 50 states in the nation have divorce laws that are specific to the state . According to Eshleman (2003), the most common grounds for divorce include "breakdown of marriage. Incompatibility, cruelty, desertion...[or] irreconcilable differences." Children within a marriage will tend to have an affect on whether or not a divorce is pursued if the children are in their preschool years and born during the marriage. However, when children have been born previous to the marriage or are in the teen years the impact that they have on divorce in increased."
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Black Women Organizations, 2008.
This paper examines the influence of black women's movements in the past century.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how various organizations played important, although different, roles in the advance of black women in America. The paper looks at the organizations of Mary Church Terrell, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dorothy Height and Helena Wilson and shows how they reflected differing attitudes on matter of class, race, and gender.
From the Paper
"In the early twentieth century, the National Association of Colored Women (the "Association"), the Ladies Auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (the "Auxiliary"), and the National Council of Negro Women (the "Council") played important although different roles in the advance of blacks in America. These organizations' leaders, especially Mary Church Terrell, Mary McLeod Bethune, Dorothy Height, and Helena Wilson, shaped the rising strength of movements among black women. In their various efforts, they reflected differing attitudes on matter of class, race, and gender."
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Women and Ordination into the Priesthood, 2008.
An analysis of the arguments for and against the ordination of women as clergy in the church.
1,391 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate over the ordination of women, especially into the Catholic priesthood. It looks at the women's movement and how it relates to the church and how the church interprets the Bible. The paper provides examples of the arguments used both for and against female ordination and female clergy within the church.
From the Paper
"Much of the defense of an exclusively male priesthood goes back to the example of Christ. Here again, one must consider how Christ is to be viewed. If Jesus Christ was merely a good teacher, conveying sound ethical doctrine which warrants consideration and emulation, then there is a reasonable argument that some of his decisions would merely be reflections of the cultural norms then popular in the Holy Land some 2,000 years ago. However, even this argument falters because Jesus did not adhere to the cultural norms of his time. At that time, virtually all religions had priestesses, so that this, rather than an exclusively male priesthood would have been completely normal. Further, Christ certainly had around him many women eager to serve him, by every measure excellent candidates for such positions, including his own mother, Mary, to Mary Magdalene, or the women of Bethany, to name only a few. (Bogle)"
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Quranic Ideas of Women and Benighted Men, 2008.
This paper discusses the Qur'anic ideas of the relationship between women and men as opposed to the fundamentalist Muslim restraint of women.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the tendency to view Islam as intrinsically constraining women owes a great deal to fundamentalist movements that rest on interpretations of the Qur'an that do not hold up to scrutiny. The author points out that these fundamentalist overlook the Islamic project of building the Ummah, which the Prophet meant for women and their status vis-a-vis men. The paper relates that the Qur'an states what men must do to support and protect women and to give them liberty. The author stresses that effort must be devoted to encouraging re-education of Muslim males to understand that their attitudes and practices expecting female subservience and confinement to the domestic sphere are not signs of Muslim adherence and respectability. The paper states that the same poles of mysticism versus fundamentalism in the treatment of women may be said for fundamentalist Christianity in Western countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Islam, Women and Environment
The Qur'an
Strengthening Men's Obligations
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Again and again, one sees efforts to clarify what the Qur'an does say concerning the sexes and women's status. Fundamentalist Muslim males do violate what was intended. For instance, Allah is said to hold women in the same position of men, rules working both for and against them, according to conduct. (2:228) Women are not to be passed from one household to another against their will, are not to be treated harshly and deserve kindness and equity. (4:19) Both men and women are to display their obedience to Allah, the righteous woman one who makes this adherence plain, as does the righteous man. (4:34) The Qur'an stresses how Allah created men and women to live in a complementary peace and tranquility. (30:21)"
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Advertising and Women, 2008.
This paper looks at the harmful effects of the media on women.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the purpose and effects of advertisements and commercials on children, teenagers and women. The paper explains how the media causes women and teenagers to be dissatisfied with their bodies which leads to serious problems, such as eating disorders. The paper suggests that education is the key to being aware of the danger of advertisements.
Outline:
The Purpose of Advertisements
The Media's Effect on Women
Solutions to the Thinness Model
From the Paper
"The advertisement business makes approximately a billion dollars each year. Children, teenagers, and adults are affected by different types of media including television, magazines, videos, and musicians. Many ads are designed to catch the attention of children, teenagers, and women. Often women are willing to do whatever is necessary to gain the look of these models. The media models of thinness causes people to view women's bodies as sexual objects and this model of thinness often lead children, teenagers, and women to be dissatisfied with their bodies or develop eating disorders."
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Feminism Today, 2008.
This paper discusses the issues facing the feminist movement today.
1,192 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper relates how the feminist movement developed and reveals that women's advances toward equality have resulted in a backlash in the form of religious fundamentalism, claims of reverse discrimination by males and hostility from the general public. The paper looks at the goals of the feminist movement today, with the primary one being achieving solidarity among women. The paper is of the opinion that the movement has to develop its constituency and then mobilize support at the ballot box.
From the Paper
"The development of the feminist movement can be traced back to the nineteenth century with growing agitation for women's suffrage and for other social changes, but as a strong political force feminism came to the fore much more recently, beginning after World War II as a result of changed perceptions on the part of women regarding their roles in society, in part because of their experiences from the war years. Betty Friedan (1963) defined the women's movement early with her book The Feminine Mystique. She finds that women are now passing through a period of self-examination constituting an identity crisis."
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Gender Roles of Women in Greek and Roman Cultures, 2008.
A comparison of the feminist construct of gender in ancient Roman and Grecian cultures with a focus on the Greek female festival of Thesmophoria.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the feminist construct of gender in the religious festivals and celebrations in ancient Roman and Grecian cultures. It examines the example of the Greek female festival of Thesmophoria and based on this examination it discusses how Roman culture also adapted such festivals in honor of women. The paper concludes that the Roman culture was far more patriarchal in its belief system, which negated the greater liberties that women had in Greek society and in government.
From the Paper
"This provides a similar foundation for the rites of women within the pantheon of Roman gods that had been passed down from ancient Greek culture, yet the practice of women within society as equal contributors to the religious and social experiences did not provide as many liberties from Greek to Roman gender roles. The primary role of women was respected at a level that was officially sanctioned by the government, yet the practicality of women's rights was often marginalized due to the role of men in dominating government and social policy. These are the means and ways in which a patriarchal society was much more prominent in Roman culture than it was within the religious and social institutions that the Greeks. For the most part, both cultures did not provide compete autonomy for women, yet the Greeks did provide a greater sense of ceremonial and religious roles for women that were practical and real for allowing women to bond and create social groups separate from men."
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Role of Women in the Church, 2008.
This paper discusses whether female egalitarianism in the Church is undermining the leadership of the Church by contradicting the scriptures of the Bible.
2,968 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this study, the writer presents a critical review of the arguments surrounding the egalitarian position of women in church. Ideally the idea is to get an understanding of whether the necessary hypothesis is grounded in the scriptures of the Bible. More importantly, the writer maintains that there has to be a critical review of whether the egalitarian approach is simply an adaptation of changes in society as it relates to gender roles. The writer questions if the Church is imitating how society treats women. If this is the case, the writer argues that it should be that society imitates the church's value and leadership structure. The writer discusses what the Bible has to say about the issue.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Working Outline: Structure & Dissertation Categories
From the Paper
"The egalitarian position as presented by Datu is that, since the Bible teaches that all people are created and should be equal, then the Church has a duty to advocate gender equality and equity in churches, and more so in church leadership . Many theorists ground the general egalitarian movement in the foundations and teachings of Jesus Christ, and other New Testament principles. Datu highlights the fact that female egalitarianism is a necessary prerequisite for the success of the church, since the role of women cannot be undermined. Datu also shows that the current opposition of the movement is due to societal pressure and that the historical process shows that female egalitarianism and female leadership in the church was not uncommon in past periods, however cultural prejudices and defined gender roles in society, have created an atmosphere that not affects female leadership in the church."
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Black Domestic Workers in Canada, 2008.
The paper examines the importation of black domestic servants from the Caribbean to Canada in the 1900s.
2,093 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that domestic workers in Canada today face most of the problems that the Caribbean women faced a hundred years ago. The paper relates that from the early 1900s, female domestic workers were recruited from Guadeloupe and the British Caribbean to accommodate demand for cheap domestic labour. The paper discusses the "Domestic Scheme" where a very small number of candidates were admitted into Canada as domestic help. The paper highlights how Canada's immigration policies were, until a few decades ago, very racist and sexist.
From the Paper
"Even though Canada has had a black population since the 1700s, much of its immigration policies, until the 1960s, have been prejudiced against black people and people of colour in general. Black people came to Canada as slaves, and then as fugitives running and escaping from the slavery in the USA, one it was abolished in the British Empire. Many were farmers that worked their own land. But as Brand (1991) points out, "the abolition of slavery did not eradicate racism as an organizing principle within the social, economic and political life of Canada and the USA" (p. 14)."
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Minority Groups within Unions, 2008.
A discussion of how minority groups in Canada are treated within labor unions.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the different methods and strategies that minorities in Canada have utilized to advance their interests within the union movement, and what other actions they could take to further their cause.
From the Paper
"It has not always been easy for minorities to pursue their goals via the labour movement. Until the early decades of the 20th century, Aboriginal, Black and Asian workers were not even allowed to join unions. As a result, they formed their own unions to further their interests. An example was the Order of Sleeping Car Porters - comprising black people working on the railways. Later, when they were allowed to join the mainstream unions, these unions disbanded. However, since the 1980s, minorities have been organizing separate groups within the union movement to focus on their own specific needs. This movement reflects the concept of separation, as opposed to integration - it is argued that when a group suffers particular hardships or prejudices, it should have to right to separate and focus on combating these prejudices. This can be easier than attempting to persuade the mainstream unions to focus on these minority issues. This concept was established by the women's movement, so that it was less controversial when minorities embraced it within the labour movement (Labour Studies 332 Study Guide). However, it should also be borne in mind that there is streght in solidarity - as will be discussed further below."
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Misogyny in Henrik Ibsen's Plays, 2008.
An analysis of the concept of misogyny in playwright Henrik Ibsen "A Doll's House", "Ghosts" and "Hedda Gabler".
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, through an analysis of Henrik Ibsen's plays, "A Doll's House", "Ghosts", and "Hedda Gabler", one can realize the under current of misogyny that Ibsen provides in his own patriarchal Victorian milieu, which devalues the role of women under the various aggressions of men brought forth. The paper explains that, for Ibsen, women provided a servant function within patriarchal society that did not necessarily provide a "feminist" perspective, but revealed that men should be tolerant and respect women. The paper concludes that, as a result, the dark under current of misogynist values provided by Ibsen in his plays informs the reader of the struggle of women in Victorian society, but does not effectively redefine a feminist ideology for women to liberate themselves from patriarchal aggression.
From the Paper
"Hedda's behaviors and actions often appear crude and uninformed as to the nature of husband to use her as a servant for his career. Ibsen often has Hedda appear as naive of the fact that her husband is merely trying to us her as a kind of "trophy wife" to accent his real desire to achieve success in his artistic ambitions. In this manner, she wholly a woman that is able to be traditional, but becomes so enamored of her love that she takes independent action to get his attention. The circumstances under which Hedda burns Lovborg's manuscript are, of course, entirely different and infinitely more dramatic"
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"The Second Shift", 2008.
A review of the book "The Second Shift" by Arlie Russell Hochschild and by Anne Machung.
1,226 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "The Second Shift" by Arlie Russell Hochschild and by Anne Machung that addresses the struggles women face when they combine motherhood with a demanding career. The paper looks at the purpose of the book, the main ideas, the central thesis, the research methodology used and the possible biases of the writers. The paper also identifies the overall strengths and weaknesses of the book and the impression it made upon the writer. The paper shows how the text is a solid one, but also one that has significant shortcomings.
From the Paper
"At its core, Arlie Russell Hochschild and Anne Machung's book, The Second Shift, is about the struggles women face when they try to "marry" motherhood with a demanding career; the book, in essence, is a manifesto on the challenges confronted by having both parents pursue careers in a world wherein a "buck" does not have quite the same buying power as it once did - and where gender roles are being dramatically re-drawn (not always with happy results for both parties)."
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