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A Southern Woman Author - Flannery O'Conner, 2008.
A review of the writings of Flannery O'Conner which reveal the central divisions in the Southern paradigm.
1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the most important themes in Flannery O'Conner's stories and characterizations deal with religion and oppression. In particular, the paper discusses O'Connor's story "Good Country People" and highlights how these themes relate to the dichotomies of simplicity and education, as well as oppression and freedom to express, to live, and to feel.
From the Paper
"Danny Duncan Collum relates the Southern culture of the 20th and even the beginning of the 21st century, with religion and religion. According to the author, their religious ardor is one of the elements that find specific expression in the writings of Southern authors, and particularly in those of female writers. "
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Women of Mexico and Texas, 2008.
An examination of the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the women of Mexico and Texas.
2,547 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the fact that women have faced various difficulties along the years and the centuries of struggle have yet to reveal a perfect equality between genders. The paper states that, while most constitutions promote gender equality, the practical application of this feature is far from perfect as women are discriminated against in most parts of the globe. The paper also states that the world is only slightly focused on women's sufferings as its only purpose is to grow, expand, and trade - all organized under the umbrella term of globalization. The paper concludes that globalization has had some positive economic effects as it has also managed to globalize the pain and struggle of women.
Outline:
Introduction
Background: Pre-NAFTA Conditions
Effects of NAFTA
Reform Measures to Benefit Women of the Region
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The North American Free Trade Agreement was signed in 1994 with a deadline in 2008 for the complete elimination of tax barriers between Canada, Mexico and the United States. The act has been received and perceived with both content and displease. Aimed to help the development of all communities involved, the agreement between Mexico and the U.S. was only able to bring together the most civilized country of the globe and one of the least developed. "NAFTA set guidelines to eliminate most trade and investment barriers between the United States, Canada and Mexico. What was actually created was a meeting of the first and third worlds. Never before in history has an agreement combined such disparate economies" (Durio, 2002-2006). Both women in Texas and Mexico were affected by the changes, but the largest effects were felt by Mexicans. Texan women had to struggle with a loss of jobs as a result of companies' moving their operations to the borderline."
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Florence Nightingale, 2008.
An analysis of Florence Nightingale's contribution to the field of nursing.
1,473 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Florence Nightingale can be considered the mother of modern nursing and how, without her, it is unlikely that nursing would ever have become a respectable field. It looks at how Nightingale systematized the process of nursing, and also, because of her social status, how she was an instrumental public relations force in showing that nursing was a true profession, rather than something that 'lower class' women were seen to pursue, an occupation that was only one step removed from that of a nursemaid--or charwoman.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Theory
Critique of the Theory
From the Paper
"Florence Nightingale, unlike most of the British women of her era, was frustrated with the common societal beliefs that women should not pursue careers--and defined the societal prohibitions of her day. Her father, William Nightingale believed women should get an education, and Florence was educated in the classics and in the sciences, as well as history, economics, philosophy, and modern languages. "Florence became disenchanted with the upper class lifestyle she was born into. When she was young she would care for sick and injured pets. Later she would care for servants who were ill. In 1837, Florence said she heard the voice of God tell her she had a mission. At the time she did not know what it was. Later she would discover her mission" ("Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)," 1998, UMN: Introstat History)"
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Women in Management Positions, 2008.
A review of the article "Management Women and the New Facts of Life" by Felice N. Schwartz.
948 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Management Women and the New Facts of Life" where the author addresses the realities of employing women in top positions. The paper discusses the issues of maternity leave and childcare and the need for workplace flexibility. The paper explains the author's belief that women are sufficiently valuable in terms of adding value to a company that it is worth the investment to suit them better in terms of lifestyle and family.
From the Paper
"The beginning of Schwartz's article rather surprised me, particularly as I am part of a generation that strives towards equality for women and men. How could an article that claims to be about "Management Women and the New Facts of Life" begin with a statement like the cost of employing women in management being greater than the cost of employing men. As the article progresses however, the author makes clear the opening statement as one that acknowledges the realities of women in the workplace. The main reason for the opening statement is based upon the biological fact of maternity and the socialization processes connected with it."
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2008.
Looks at the grandmother as the linchpin of the African-American family.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for many generations, African-American grandmothers not only have contributed economically to the family but have been the social fixture through which her family and community maintain their cohesiveness. The author relates that, in recent years, a growing number of African-American grandmothers have become "new parents again" by taking on the sole parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. The paper explores the reasons behind this trend, the historic role of the African-American grandmothers and some of the physical, mental and emotional effects of this next generation parenting role.
From the Paper
"However, African-American grandmothers as caregivers are no new phenomenon. Jiminez (2002) did a study in which she examined primary sources such as the testimonies of elderly African-American women who had been slaves. She used their stories, oral histories, biographies, and autobiographies as well as manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940. She discovered certain commonalties between the historical development of African-American grandmothers during slavery and their experience from the second half of the 19th century until today."
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Literature: Women inside the Patriarchal Society, 2008.
Compares the depiction of the life of women inside the patriarchal society in Rebecca Harding Davis' 'Life in the Iron Mills" and William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily".
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the female protagonists in Rebecca Harding Davis' 'Life in the Iron Mills" and Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" are very different. However, the two women are markedly the prisoners of the patriarchal society that has caught them in its net. The author points out that both women focus all their energy on their male companions, being almost obsessively preoccupied with them. The paper describes both stories.
From the Paper
""Life in the Iron Mills" is the somber story of the grey, empty life of a worker in the iron mills, Hugh Wolfe. In the midst of his brutish life, he has an artistic vision: he is able to model figurines out of the waste materials left at the mill. His aspirations are thwarted nevertheless, and he dies in utter misery. His fate obviously symbolizes the terrible destiny of the working-class people, who had no perspectives outside a barren, instinctual life. The secondary character of this story, Deborah, who is Hugh's cousin, is however an even more interesting figure which perfect the realistic picture drawn by Davis."
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Lessening Apprehension In Communication, 2008.
A study of the problem of communication apprehension and its effects on men and women in society.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper states that communication apprehension is a problem for much of the population. The paper then goes on to analyze communication apprehension in a group of teachers using relevant theoretical concepts and perspectives. The paper also makes recommendations on how the problem can be resolved, based on interpersonal communication perspectives. The paper reviews the literature relating to communication apprehension and states that there are differences to consider in the manner in which males and females communicate.
Outline:
Introduction
Communication Apprehension Examined
Characteristics Of Communication Anxiety
Six Typical Cognitive Distortions Identified
Strategies For Coping With Communication Apprehension
Peer Feedback: Enabling Communication Skills
Differences In The Way Males And Females Communicate
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Horwitz entitled: "Communication Apprehension: Origins and Management" states that the "treatment of communication apprehension is a natural fit for speech-language pathologists because many patients with clearly diagnosed communication disorders have anxiety about communicating that may or not may not be related to their presenting problems. In addition, speaking anxiety is a common universal problem among people without communication disorders." These reasons according to Horwitz, is convincing that ..."the study of communication apprehension warrants the attention of speech-language pathologists who can, with additional training, easily develop the expertise to treat the multitude of people who suffer from this problem." (2001) Horwitz relates that the work of Marshall (1994) states findings that thirty percent to forty percent "of the general population considered public speaking their number one fear, surpassing fears of heights, sickness, loneliness, and the dark."
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The Needs of Indigenous Australian Women, 2008.
A review of the challenges facing Australian aboriginal women in today's society.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the topic of feminism in Australia and specifically discusses how white, mainstream feminists in Australia can better listen to, and attend to, the needs and voices of indigenous Australian women. The paper further relates that Australian indigenous women including the Australian Aborigines, the Maori of New Zealand, and the Torres State Islanders, have specific needs, problems, and issues that face them today. The paper highlights the fact that developing understanding, modes of clearer communication and ways to aid these women can help white Australian feminists tear down boundaries and bring about more care and support for Australia's indigenous women.
From the Paper
"Domestic violence is another very important problem facing aboriginal women. An Australian newspaper reporter continues, "Homicide is the leading cause of premature death for indigenous women and they are 45 times more likely to be victims of domestic violence than other Australians". It is also well known that most aboriginal victims of domestic violence do not speak out, because they are afraid of reprisals by their family or the community (Bhandari 2006). Thus, the abuse continues in a cycle of violence that can often lead to death. White feminists need to tackle this problem head on, just as they would for white victims of domestic violence. First, they need to create educational programs for aboriginal women that stress the importance of speaking out when domestic violence occurs."
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Feminism in 21st Century Europe, 2008.
This paper discusses the relevance and purpose of feminism in modern Europe .
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that feminism today tends to be focused on intellectualizing the position of women in society. The writer points out that while still working in a concrete fashion in order to secure gender equality, feminism has also penetrated areas of intellectual endeavor such as theory of literature and philosophy. The writer discusses that despite the very prominent position of feminism in a wide variety of intellectual and social areas, some hold that the paradigm is no longer relevant, particularly in advanced locations such as the United States, and particularly in Europe. On the other hand, it is the position of some theorists that feminism today is more relevant than ever, exactly because of appearances to the contrary. The writer maintains that despite the voices of dissent, it is clear that feminism still has a variety of roles to play in the EU today. Feminism is also relevant in terms of the international effort towards equal and human rights for all. As such, the writer notes that EU countries can concentrate their collective efforts towards the developing world in ensuring the empowerment of women. The writer concludes that feminism in any environment, including the EU, will not be obsolete for centuries to come.
From the Paper
"One of the reasons for the apparent irrelevance of feminism in modern Europe is the fact that equal rights have become a reality in almost every area of Western social life. Women are recognized as capable of filling any position they choose, and are provided by law with the right to receive equal pay for such work. In society, the modern Western woman is no longer expected to revolve her purpose in life around marriage, children, and homemaking, while on the other hand nothing prevents her from choosing to do so. Because all these rights have been secured for women, some theorists believe that feminism is no longer necessary, and indeed, no longer has a purpose in modern Europe.
"In Ireland, this nearly halted the feminist movement shortly after its inception, when the right to vote was successfully attained. According to Tomas A. O'Riordan, the right to vote was at the center of first-stage feminism to such an extent that it had become the movement's reason for existence."
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Unhappy Marriage -Alternatives To Divorce, 2008.
A discussion on the the subject of saving a marriage as an alternative to divorce.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that unhappy marriages do not always justify divorce. The elaborates on this assertion, stating that divorce is not always necessary for every unhappy marriage and that happy marriages that are healthy but unhappy for superficial reasons are often capable of salvation as long as both partners are equally motivated to make the necessary changes. The paper then points out, however, that, conversely, divorce is more advisable where either partner is not willing to make the changes necessary to improve the marriage, and especially, where partners chose each other in the first place for dysfunctional reasons, or progressed to marriage immaturely. The paper then discusses the differences between salvageable and unsalvageable marriages.
Outline
Salvageable vs. Unsolvable Marriages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In general principle, some marriages are potentially salvageable because even though they may have evolved into unhappiness, they did so by virtue of relatively superficial reasons. Conversely, other marriages are completely impossible to improve, because the factors accounting for their evolution into unhappiness are not superficial, but rather, due to fundamental incompatibilities between the partners (Kasl 1998). Sometimes, in fact, marriages whose unhappiness was originally caused by relatively superficial reasons generate so much conflict and perpetual resentment that it is simply impossible ever to rekindle the mutual feelings of romantic love and genuine affection that are prerequisites to happiness in marriage."
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Defoe's "Moll Flanders", 2008.
An analysis of the problem of gender in Daniel Defoe's "Moll Flanders".
1,241 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how "Moll Flanders" focuses on an individualist female heroine who breaks all the norms concerning the proper attitude and role of a woman in society. The paper discusses how Moll, the female character, pays a very high price for escaping the sphere of domesticity to which women are tied.
From the Paper
"Eighteenth century literature is naturally conventional about gender roles in the patriarchal society. Remarkably, Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders focuses on an individualist female heroine who breaks all the norms concerning the proper attitude and role of a woman inside society. However, it is obvious that the female character pays a very high price for escaping the sphere of domesticity to which women are naturally tied to. Moll Flanders does not play her traditional role as a woman but, in exchange for her independence, she leads the life a villain. The full title of the novel sums up Moll's immoral and sinful life: "[She] was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own brother), Twelve Year a Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia..."(Defoe, 1) In Moll's troubled and base destiny, Defoe envisages the fate of the female character that does not comply with her pre-established social role."
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Postpartum Depression Role Attainment, 2008.
This paper looks at depression following childbirth, both for women and the families involved.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that postpartum depression is a serious and invasive social problem affecting millions of women and their families every year. The writer notes that it is clear from the research on the subject that postpartum depression is both a biological and an environmental problem that can be successfully treated, if the individual seeks such treatment. The consequences of untreated postnatal depression are broad, as it can affect not only the individual woman but her infant, any children she previously bore and her partner, where one is present as well as extended relations and other social support structure members. This work addresses the issue of postpartum depression and the maternal role attainment, to develop a now suspected link between social and personal stagnation and postpartum depression.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Sample
Sample Selection
Variable Identification
Data Collection/Data Analysis
Instrumentation
Protection of Subjects
Limitations of Research Design
Expected Results
Summary/Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research is conclusive of one fact, and that is that postpartum depression has long term effects, as individuals need but a few weeks to develop a habit, and many habits of child rearing, social inaction and role inaction or negative action can compound to result in long term social and personal stagnation relating to the interruption that this supposedly glorious developmental even creates. The difficulty regarding research is that most research regarding postpartum depression revolves around theses that are interested only in the infant well being, and not so much in the long term or even short term coping of the mother. In fact is often only in extreme high-risk population, such as rape victims, extremely young mothers, or known drug using mothers where the welfare of the mother is not considered the secondary factor to the disorder research. It is also clear form the existing literature that research is often compounded based on the idea that depression, in all its forms is environmental as well as biological and that it needs to be treated with multidimensional treatment plans. Yet, a true long term study regarding post partum depression and long term role attainment by mothers has not been done. It would therefore be prudent to develop a research base that responded to this gap as a way to understand the give and take of role attainment with regard to postpartum depression."
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Domestic Abuse and Homelessness, 2008.
This paper researches the relationship between domestic abuse and homelessness in women contacting the women's aid helpline in Ireland between 1997 and 2006.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper aims to establish the extent of the correlation, if one exists, between incidences of domestic abuse and homelessness among women in Ireland between 1997 and 2006. The paper uses both anecdotal evidence and statistical analysis to portray the trends and factors involved. The paper shows how homelessness due to domestic violence can affect many women in Ireland each year.
Outline:
Introduction
Preliminary Literature Review
From the Paper
"Today, Ireland is the most digitally connected nation in the world and much progress has been made in recent years concerning the status of women. Nevertheless, a number of social problems remain, with one of the most upsetting, at least to the author, is domestic violence. The past decade has seen greatly increased numbers of women who have jobs and have their own money, as well as more houses and apartments being built. Anecdotal evidence from newspapers, magazines and broadcast media would suggest however, that there is still a problem with homelessness among both men and women. Since the reasons that people become homeless appear to be many, the decision was made to focus on one specific area and time period to identify to what extent, if any, domestic violence and homelessness are related. "
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Evolution of the Women's Business Suit, 2008.
An analysis of development of the purpose and style of the women's business suit from the 1550s until today.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the women's business suit. It begins by discussing the development of women's jackets from as far back as 1550. It looks at their function and practicality, as well as their fashion and stylishness. The paper particularly focuses on the role of the women's suit in business and the messages that it conveys.
From the Paper
"Today in her speech before an assembled audience of women leaders, even the editor of a women's fashion magazine, Glamour, wears a conservative suit, not one of the pastel confections of the 1950s. Everyone in the audience, all women wear suits. "To look professional and be taken seriously, you need to wear a jacket," is the testimony one style consultant (Givhan, 2006). Granted, women's business attire has become more "relaxed, more feminine and more flattering," since the 1970s, taking into consideration the different shapes of a women's form. Just as women no longer have to prove themselves to be the same as men to succeed in the boardroom, women no longer have to dress exactly like men to be taken seriously. But although dresses "might be ideal for a dinner or luncheon," they "are not favored by women looking to flash a little power" (Givhan, 2006). A suit jacket continues to exude power, and while it can be sexy and feminine, today no professional women's wardrobe is complete without a business suit."
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"Holding up Half the Sky", 2008.
A review of the content of Annie Wang's article, "Holding up Half the Sky."
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the article, "Holding up Half the Sky," written by Annie Wang, which concerns itself with the situation faced by Chinese business women in modern-day China. The paper describes the article and provides examples from Wang's work of five featured business women who have overcome challenges in order to make a great success of their respective businesses.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, women are still facing a fundamental inequality in the business world, spurred by the 2000 year mindset that will take more than 50 years to erase. Indeed, Wang notes that discrimination starts at the cradle: boys are still more highly prized when girls at birth. This continues in terms of governmental policies that do not favor small businesses. Such business owners experience difficulties in obtaining loans and the opportunity for growth is limited. Furthermore, discrimination is also evident in the countryside, where the majority of women are denied higher education. This in turn results in migration to cities, where women obtain low-paying, non-prestigious jobs that are not very secure, and from which it is almost impossible to be promoted."
"Nevertheless, Wang offers hope in the form of five featured business women who have overcome the challenges mentioned above in order to make a great success of their respective businesses. These women exemplify the opportunities offered by the Chinese business world. Although problems still exist, the author holds that women do have opportunities to follow the examples of the five women she discusses. Furthermore, the increase of such women have the potential to eventually overthrow the prevailing inequalities in the country's business sector."
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Play: Susan Glaspell's "Trifles", 2008.
Examines the background, the plot and the critical views of Susan Glaspell's play "Trifles".
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Susan Glaspell, a reporter, based her one-act play "Trifles" on events that actually happened in Iowa near the turn of the 20th century, which she covered. The author points out that the plot of the play is as if Glaspell didn't like the outcome of the real-life situation and then got to craft her own ending. The paper relates that the themes in "Trifles"are gender relationships, the tug-of-war battles between the sexes, women's perceptive intuition vs. men's bullishness, male chauvinism and the good-old-boy network of criminal justice
From the Paper
"After leaving newspaper work, her writing was strictly fictional; until that is her husband, George Cram Cook (a classics scholar with whom she had been involved during his second marriage in a long affair) urged her to write a play. "Glaspell may have been trying to buoy up Cook's artistic reputation by making him out to be the party responsible" for her literary success, something he, Cook, had never achieved. Meanwhile, even though Glaspell herself carried on an affair with a married man, thus hurting another woman, she painted men in "Trifles" as the bad guys."
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Women in Combat, 2008.
Examines the role women play in combat in the United States military and the implications of women in combat roles.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when women first entered the American military, they were not intended to play a role in combat but rather to be behind the scenes in non-combat oriented roles, such as purchasing. The author stresses that women in combat in the Iraq war has blurred gender lines and forever changed the face of the American military. The paper states that feminists and supporters of women's rights hail women in combat roles as a necessary step in gaining full equality for women. However, as the paper relates, the research indicates that women in combat in the United States military are still a contentious issue.
From the Paper
"One situation that might allow women in combat is the formation of all-women units. In these units, many of the criticisms of women in combat could be alleviated. For example, a woman would probably be able to lift or carry another woman to safety, and they would not face harassment or sexual situations from male soldiers in an all-female unit. In addition, an all-female unit would tend to be more understanding about monthly menstruation and other female health issues, which would effectively negate many of the issues that opponents of women in combat often cite."
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