| Papers [210-228] of 6926 :: [Page 12 of 365] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Creating America, 2008.
Examines literature from colonial North America and later new immigrants to explore the creation of the American identity.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the creation of the American identity was not a fluid, linear process but rather a generational process. The paper points out that this process is reflected in the literature, which shows how the first generation of colonists and later new immigrants long for home, but slowly, themes and traditions emerge that express a belief that the old nation, in the case of America England, is divergent from the new land. Eventually, themes of home as the new land become dominant in literature. The author explores this literature, associated with immigration, as the text of the development of the American identity.
From the Paper
"The tasks were many, and they included lofty goals such as taming the natives and more practical ones, relating to the production of goods to return home. This industry was not thought of as permanent, it was thought of as an industry needed to broaden the boundaries of the world from which they had come. In one demonstrative title, examining the history of the book in the colonial period is a statement about the nature of the colonial mind. Each individual colonist embraced their individuality as a colony charter, rather than as members of a new and emerging national identity of America."
| |
|
Immigrant versus Native Americans, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between natives and new colonists from the colonial period.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the colonial Americans were clearly a population in conflict with a multitude of conflicting populations as well as objects. The writer notes that the colonists were in conflict with the land, which they did not yet understand, as well as the native peoples of the land, which they had chosen to become at least their temporary home, in the name of European progress and wealth. The writer points out that the conflicts, of which there were many, with native Americans were frequently difficult and bloody and in fact marked one of the greatest obstacles associated with European dominance of the new found colonies. The neighbors having been provoked by bad behavior in the past, would likely see and treat the new colonists with the same regard, tentatively trading with them to gain goods they had become dependent upon but at the same time never letting down their guard to the potential for treachery. The writer concludes that the native populations and the colonists then were in a continual dance of shaking hands at full arms length, in need of each other but unwilling to come any closer.
From the Paper
"The colonists therefore resolved the conflict between themselves and natives, by placing the responsibility for collective communication upon the natives, and assuming all others, those who did not come to them first were in need of cajoling, either by means of warfare or dominance by dependence.
"Though in retrospect, some observers of the colonial experience, such as Raynol, recognized the error of assuming superiority over natives and removing them from the land with brute force and physical dominance was unethical at the very least, there is also a clear sense that this is retrospective and Raynol, did not have to live there. The pillage and plunder mentality and action, did not always succeed, though and there were clearly some who learned from the failings of others, in the conflict with the native populations."
| |
|
Ethnography, 2008.
A looks at ethnography as a social science research method.
5,280 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 130.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper outlines the history of ethnography, the principle individuals behind its inception, and the manner in which data is collected. The paper also analyzes the strengths and weakness of ethnography and examines the ethical issues surrounding this type of research. In addition, this paper outlines circumstances when ethnography is a viable research tool and describes the manner in which it has been used in education research. Finally, the paper concludes with some well-known examples of ethnography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of Qualitative / Action-Based Research
History of Ethnography
Ethnography as a Viable Research Method
Strengths and Weaknesses of Ethnography
Ethical Issues Surrounding Ethnography
Ethnographical Research Used in Education Research
Well-Known Studies of Ethnography
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other aspects of ethnographical research that can be considered weaknesses is the types of participant strategies that it involves. The first and most fundamental distinction among observational strategies concerns the extent to which the observer is also a participant in the program activities being studied. Weaknesses in have been pointed out in determining what kind of participation the researcher must engage in. According to Genzuk (2003), the extent of participation is a continuum which varies from complete immersion in the program as full participant to complete separation from the activities observed, taking on a role as spectator."
| |
|
Health Sector in Ghana, 2008.
This paper provides a research proposal for an extended security and privacy model for the health sector in Ghana.
5,339 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 131.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many developing countries around the world are faced with the dual-edged sword of a "brain-drain" of their healthcare professionals who seek better economic opportunities in other countries as well as healthcare infrastructures that require substantive improvements to bring them up to date. The writer points out that the Republic of Ghana is faced with this precise set of circumstances as it struggles to overcome the historic legacy of colonialism and the same economic and social developmental issues that have confronted many sub-Saharan African nations in recent years. One technique that has proven effective in recent years in facilitating the delivery of quality healthcare services to a wide range of consumers is the use of so-called "smart cards." The purpose of the proposed study is to consider the introduction of so-called smart cards in public and private health service delivery in the Republic of Ghana today. To this end, a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is presented, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Methodology
Preliminary Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Healthcare Issues Confronting Developing Nations Today
Smart Cards and Healthcare Delivery
Privacy Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many developing nations are faced with some enormous challenges and obstacles to development, particularly when it comes to the delivery of effective healthcare services. For instance, healthcare professionals have long emigrated from developing to developed countries in search of better professional and personal opportunities; in recent years, though, this trend has become even more pronounced. Chronic shortages of nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare practitioners around the world have fueled the migration from less affluent to more affluent countries, but also between poor countries and between wealthy ones as well. As a result, there is a growing global labor market for all types of professionals in health care today. Moreover, the globalization of the health-care labor market has had a profound effect on the ability of many national health-care systems to deliver vital services to their citizens. The most dramatic impact is being felt in the least developed nations, where there has been a tremendous increase in emigration."
| |
|
Culture as Power, Ideology and Hegemony, 2008.
An analysis of the way in which the Frankfurt School viewed the sociology of culture and a discussion of Jurgen Habermas' "The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society."
3,274 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews the key texts of the Frankfurt School on the sociology of culture. It also discusses Jurgen Habermas' writings on the subject, particularly in "The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society." Finally, it discusses the works of French critical theorists such as Guy Debord, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari and examines the ways in which the Frankfurt School impacted their thought.
From the Paper
"The French radical philosophers and sociologists built upon the foundation laid by the Frankfurt School in developing their own critique of culture. They extended the Frankfurt School theorists' attack on mass culture, liberal tolerance, and the decay of the public sphere to include such key areas a language, discourse, and the psyche. Thus, it can be said that the French theorists were much more interested in the ways in which culture played out on the semiotic or symbolic level. Debord's Society of the Spectacle articulated the fact that no true social interactions could take place, as all interactions are now mediated. Foucault introduced the notion of discourse as a tool for maintaining power-as-knowledge via specialization in the professional realm. In a similar vein, Bourdieu's analysis of language was meant to show us "our place" in the social sphere. He connected language with what he deemed "symbolic capital"; just as Foucault linked knowledge with currency, Bourdieu would assert that those in possession of "symbolic capital" were the same who possessed enough power to perform acts of "symbolic violence" against those with less symbolic capital. But the greatest destabilization would come from Deleuze and Guattari, who would reject the Freudian-Marxist axis upon which the Frankfurt School theory had developed altogether in favor of a whole new freedom that would be based on the libidinal flow of desire."
| |
|
Race, Gender, and Work, 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the book "Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States" by Teresa Amott and Julie Matthaei. Specifically, it discusses why the analysis of women's work in terms of race, class, and history is essential to the study of contemporary work issues.
From the Paper
"This liturgy is repeated throughout American history through Chicana women, Black women, European immigrant women, and Asian women. White men created the societal rules, and women had to conform to them. In the contemporary workplace, these male-dominated rules still largely govern hiring practices and jobs available to women. This actually began in the 19th century when it became more common for people to seek wage-work rather than providing for themselves on a farm or other family business. Many men began to work outside the home, leaving the tending of home, family, reproduction, and other responsibilities to the women at home, of course unpaid. Most of the companies hiring men (and some single women) were owned by white male capitalists, who hired a majority of men in their factories and offices. Women that could not afford servants took on more responsibilities, while the entire American culture began to revolve around home, hearth, and the women who maintained this domesticity."
| |
|
Life Span Development, 2008.
This paper looks at lifespan development that discusses the changes of an individual during the period of life.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that lifespan development and developmental psychology, in general, study the changes that occur in an individual throughout his entire lifespan, from his existence as a prenatal to old age and death. The writer notes that basically, lifespan development studies the evolution and changes of the individual, as well as of groups of individuals, over their entire period of life. On the other hand, the writer maintains that it is important to have a definition of the term development, as perceived by psychologists. It is much more difficult for an individual nowadays to be separated from the environment in which he lives and works and be examined as he is. The writer discusses that this can be in part beneficial for a psychologist, witnessing the object of study at work, in his own environment, but it can also be challenging, due to the fact that collectivism seems to be much better represented nowadays than individualism was before.
From the Paper
"Among the most important categories of lifespan development methodologies, we can enumerate longitudinal study and cross-sectional study. In the longitudinal study, individuals that are born around the same period of time are jointly analyzed throughout their lifespan in order to observe not only individual development, but also differential individual development and see how and why individuals developed differently.
"On the other hand, in the cross-sectional study, the psychologist will aim to analyze individuals of different ages at a certain moment of time. Differently from the previous method, this will require fewer resources while provided useful resources about the individual development at various age stages. Cross-sectional study also helps lifespan development psychologists answer important questions referring to whether or not experience changes actual accumulation and development of an individual and how different age groups react differently in different situations ..."
| |
|
The Disabled, 2008.
Looks at the economic, human and social capital of the disabled.
1,515 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 49.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, traditionally, disabled people have been marginalized and discriminated against not only in the workplace, but also by agencies, such as healthcare facilities, which are meant to help them. The paper then explains that, on the other hand, significant progress, including legislation, has been made in the effort to help disabled people integrate into society. The paper stresses, however, that this is not enough. Rather than claiming to treat them equally, the workplace and healthcare agencies should be investigated and work together in order to provide for the specific needs of the disabled.
From the Paper
"James H. Rimmer (1998) agrees to some extent. According to this author, there has been very little study on how to promote the health of people with disabilities. Indeed, while improvements have been made in health promotion for the general population of the United States, very little has been done to do the same for disabled people and their needs.
"Part of the reason for this is the emphasis on disease and disability prevention rather than addressing the disability once it is there."
| |
|
The Indian Wedding Feast, 2008.
A research paper that illustrates how the caste system, religious beliefs and culture of India perpetuates lavish consumption of the Indian wedding feast.
19,465 words (approx. 77.9 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 249.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This research paper attempts to show that the Indian Hindu wedding feast has changed its form and content, but its meanings in terms of family politics, social and religious norms have not changed. The dissertation includes evidence that can prove that, despite globalization, modernization, and import of western ideas and cultures, the function of the weeding feast has not changed despite the changes in the form and content. In other words, while the cuisine elements due to additional foods and spices being introduced have changed, the tradition of the consumption of food and the meanings behind this consumption have continued to remain the same over time.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Research
Methodology
Literature Review
The Caste System In India
The Hindu Marriage Ceremony
The Woman in the Society and Family Hierarchy in India
Food, Eating, and the Wedding Feast in India
Review of the Literature Reviewed In this Study
From the Paper
"The work of Bloch, Rao and Desai relates that the marriage of a daughter in India in the costliest event in the life of this family which many times results in the parents of the daughter getting into great debt with interest rates "of over 200 percent." The expenditure on food for a wedding is stated to be "more than six times a family's annual income" and many times forces the family into "destitution and bonded labor, especially when there are several daughters to be married." Gender discrimination that occurs in India has been attributed to this specific economic burden."
| |
|
Bull Fighting in Spain, 2008.
Presents arguments in favor of Spanish bull fighting and opposed to bull fighting with type of argument and fallacy indicated in the opposition argument.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper first supports the decision of the state-run Spanish television network in ending the tradition of broadcasting bull fighting and presents reason for this position. The paper then takes the opposite position in favor of bull fighting. In opposition argument, the paper identifies the type of fallacy and argument mistakes.
Table of Contents:
Against Bull Fighting
Response Paper Indicating Type of Fallacy and Argument: For Bull Fighting
From the Paper
"People who criticize bullfighting disrespect tradition and by discrediting customs, they hope to achieve globalization and the deletion of what is specific to each nation. (guilt by association) Perhaps my arguments are in vain since most protesters are American, and Americans do not know much about traditions. (hasty generalization) Also, I find it a bit ironic that a nation that was born only a few centuries ago can criticize Spain who was an immensely wealthy and advanced state at the time when America was being discovered. Moreover, the fact that America has virtually no authentic universal customs or traditions does not give it the right to criticize others for having a cultural background which they want to preserve. (personal attack)."
| |
|
Major Sociological Approaches to Teaching, 2008.
A discussion of the major sociological approaches and how they can be applied to teaching.
1,229 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts some of the major sociological approaches that exist. It looks at the structural functionalist approach, the social conflict theory and symbolic interactionism. The paper also describes each of these theories and discusses their application to various aspects of teaching. The paper's discussion regarding teaching is written from the point of view of the writer, who is a teacher.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Application
From the Paper
"Symbolic interactionists, however, would see the tutor-student relationship as completely different. First of all, symbolic interactionalists would highlight the contextual nature of being a student. One minute, with a teacher, I am in class, playing the role of a student. The next minute, I am a teacher, with power, with knowledge, with the answers, and also I am enforcing the rules of the classroom to ensure that the teaching session proceeds in a timely fashion and that everything I desire to accomplish is accomplished. Holding the position of tutor is a tenuously negotiated role, as I, as a tutor, wish to feel a sense of authority (and get paid, except when I am tutoring a younger relative) and the subject wishes to pass a class and receive a good exam grade, and is thus willing to give me authority that he or she might not otherwise give to me in a personal relationship."
| |
|
Discourse of "Desire" in 'The Diviners', 2008.
This paper discusses the concept of satisfying desire by looking within, by looking at the discourse of 'desire' in Margaret Laurence's "The Diviners".
1,277 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in Margaret Laurence's 1975 novel 'The Diviners', desire becomes a vehicle of feminist and personal liberation for the middle-aged protagonist, Morag Gunn. The writer notes that more than anything, Morag desires to find a true, rather than a false identity. The writer maintains that it is not the content of her work, but Margaret Laurence's wisdom, mixed with irony and humor, that brings insight to the reader. The writer concludes that the author writes in favor of a mature decision to cease to yearn for external change, and to satisfy one's desire through internal reflection.
From the Paper
"But it is not movement that gives her peace. Rather it is actively seeking peaceful solitude within, not finding elevated social status or fulfillment in her marital or extramarital relationships. Changing her external geography is not a complete form of self-actualization for the protagonist. The novel stresses that the liberating power of desire is not only found in sexuality or a change of place for a woman, but simply a desire to achieve a complete sense of identity and selfhood in solitude can be just as empowering.
"Morag's desire for authentic selfhood shows her continually wrestling with what society construes as status, and what she believes has real worth and merit. For example, initially, Morag sought her self-actualization through her desire to experience life outside of a provincial town and outside of a life limited by education. But this mode of liberation became stifling because of the relationship she had with her husband, even though he taught at a university. She was still constrained by feelings of inferiority and a sense that she was not living her own life."
| |
|
Can We Be Friends After A Breakup?, 2008.
This paper reviews five scholarly studies in an effort to answer the question of whether or not individuals can be friends after ending a romantic relationship.
3,559 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper relates that one of the most enduring questions regarding life, love, and the perpetuation of the growth of the individual through developed interpersonal communication, is whether or not there can be friendship after a romantic relationship has ended. This paper asserts that popular contemporary opinion, as well as anecdotal evidence, has a mixed answer. One side says a couple can never go from being lovers to friends and it's unhealthy to try. While still others say that becoming friends is the only realistic way to recover, in the long term and learn from what went right wrong in the relationship. However, the paper shows that there is also a popular idea that becoming friends after a breakup just depends on the individuals involved, the depth of the relationship, and the manner in which the relationship ended. This work reviews five scholarly research articles seeking out definitive qualitative and quantitative evidence for the answer to this question.
From the Paper
"The findings of the article lead some credence to the idea that the individual's level of distress post break-up and the eventuality of the relationship ending in the two people being friends has significant correlation to the length of time since the break-up, the level of health in the relationship, the perception of individual investment in the relationship and most importantly whether the two individuals were friends before they became romantically involved. The hints then that this work offer to the broader question is then relatively easy to assess, the most important factors in order are, if the individuals were friends before the romantic involvement, the time it has been since the relationship ended, and lastly the level of overall health and satisfaction that existed in the relationship while it was still intact. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809) The equation is then rather simple, if there is a basis for friendship, a healthy overall relationship and if enough time has passed there is a good chance that a post-relationship friendship will develop that could potentially lead to a lasting social development phase that helps both parties navigate the rights and wrongs of the relationship and possibly change themselves for the better, for the next relationship. The equation is the opposite, if it is to soon emotionally, the relationship was overall unhealthy and lastly if the two people have little if any basis for a friendship in the history of their time together then a friendship will not likely be even worth attempting. (Sprecher, Felmlee, Metts, Fehr & Vanni 791-809)"
| |
|
Social Responsibility, 2008.
A description of the many facets of social responsibility.
837 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper defines social responsibility and confirms that it includes many different stakeholders with varying needs.The decisions an organization makes may be acceptable by societal standards, but not with the highest point of integrity. The findings presented by the paper provide strong evidence of the many facets of social responsibility. The paper addresses in detail the subject of social responsibility as well as corporate responsibility.
Outline:
Defining Social Responsibility
Separating Personal Ethics from Corporate Social Responsibility
Defining Corporate Citizenship
Working Model of Corporate Responsibility
Responding to Corporate Responsibility Expectations
Reaping the Benefits of Social Responsibility
Is it Profits That Really Matter?
Are We The Salt of the Earth?
From the Paper
"It is one thing for a company to define its social responsibility. It is another thing to define a step-by-step strategy for carrying out this policy. As noted, there are several key stakeholders in the definition of corporate social responsibility: customers, employees, business partners, the environment, communities and investors. Corporate social responsibility is the way to manage these six responsibilities. This is not easy, since there are overlapping and separate obligations. A working model has to be developed for interpreting and implementing the social responsibility actions. "
| |
|
Educating Homeless Children, 2008.
An research paper addressing the problem of how to educate homeless children.
7,847 words (approx. 31.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 170.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper deals at length with the problem of homeless persons and states that while the homeless population is increasing steadily, the number of children amongst this population has seen the steepest incline. The paper reports that the Institute for Children and Poverty has shown that nearly millions of adolescents are experiencing homelessness. This staggering number means that nearly 2% of all children and approximately 10% of all poor children in America are presently homeless. The paper deals extensively with the problem of educating homeless children by exploring the strategies and tactics put forward by the McKinney-Vento Act in educating homeless children.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Current Issues in Government Policies
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Research Method and Design
Data Collection
Data Evaluation
Definitions of Homelessness and Problems Associated with the Definition
The Educational Rights of Homeless Children
Strategies Implemented
Conclusion and Discussion
From the Paper
"As mentioned above, during the 1970's the streets of America, during the night, were increasingly being occupied by adults and children alike for spending their nights. This phenomenon was exposed by the media and the social advocates along with the policy makers chipped in to being a social change particularly in the education sector. However, research shows that more people, particularly families with small children, are homeless today than they were in the 1970's and the number is steeply rising (Hafetz, 2003). Burt (2001) argued that the while the country progressed economically all through the 1990's, the trickle down affect of this progress could not be seen. In fact, on the contrary, the housing industry got more pressure, which resulted in the increased rents and lack of affordable housing (Burt, 2001). Therefore, homelessness has once again got the front page attention from the media. "
| |
|
Social Work, 2008.
An interview with a social worker regarding her decision to start a private practice that specialized in gerontology.
2,373 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 72.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the views of an experienced social worker. The paper explores this social worker's work history from public care to private practice. The paper also explains that societal changes have not only greatly impacted current social workers, but also the colleges and universities who are educating these individuals. In addition, it is creating new opportunities for others in the social work field either with agencies or on one's own in a private practice that has its own challenges and personal rewards.
From the Paper
"As with the nursing profession, a shortage of social workers could be a concern. According to the National Institute on Aging, by 2020 the country will need 70,000 professional social workers with knowledge in aging, or over a 40 percent increase in the present social work labor force. Similar to other employment areas, many social workers are retiring or plan on retiring over the next five to ten years, and the social work field is skewed toward individuals who are over 45. It is necessary to bring younger people into the social work field and, in particular, into a specialization in aging (Marshall & Altpeter, 2005) to meet "essential" care requirements in a variety of settings (Volland & Berkman, 2004)."
| |
|
Torture Defined, 2008.
A descriptive essay on torture, covering the historical background and the support for and against this treatment.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper defines torture and describes the two types of torture, physical and mental. The paper elucidates on the results of torture having life-long negative emotional and psychological effects. The paper then also describes torture as the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain. . The paper concludes that there is ample evidence that there is little if any validity to the use of torture in actually gaining information, or making the world a safer place, in fact in the case of terrorists our own acts of hypocrisy further feed the fire of hatred for the West and all she stands for.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Torture
Support for Torture
Arguments against Torture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work then goes on to describe the utilization or threatened utilization of mind and body altering drugs, the threat of imminent death, or the threat of imminent death or severe physical or mental pain to another. (29) In this message the acknowledgement of the legal and social restrictions of the use of torture is not only implied but demonstratively agreed upon by the preeminent legal body of the United States. It would seem strange then that this nation and others who have taken public stands against the utilization of torture continue to keep it in their own arsenal of tactics for use against those who are perceived as threatening to the nation or the world. In fact in Levinson's introduction it is stated that at the time of the compilation and publish of the work 130 nations had ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which went into force in 1987 some nations and organizations have spoken out individually in addition through national legislation and the ratification of other documents which are to be considered core national and international doctrines and law, and yet torture still occurs on a daily basis, and is condoned and utilized even by those nations that profess through official means to never use or condone it, including but certainly not limited to the US, Great Britain and Israel, all of who have been found in legal arenas to be guilty of it. Levinson even quotes a confessed and convicted torturer as saying that when we as a world stop speaking out against torture in official ways, we as a world will cease to be human. Of coarse this is not to say that rogue nations, terrorists and other political bodies do not also use such tactics, as can be seen in the autobiographical work, Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number, by Jacobo Timmerman. The work accounts a long ordeal of torture and imprisonment at the hands of the Argentinean government under a totalitarian regime in the 1970s. "
| |
|
Democratic Governance, 2008.
This essay is a thesis paper on democratic governance and public service motivation divided into the three subdivisions of breadth, depth and application.
18,098 words (approx. 72.4 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 249.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is a thesis essay on public service motivation and is divided into three components. The breadth component provides a theoretic analysis of both public service and volunteer motivation as well as explores the historical correlation between public service motivation and volunteer motivation. The findings of major theorists specializing in public service motivation theory are presented as well as their empirical research, which analyze and synthesize the implication of motivation in light of public service and volunteerism. These findings are related to the study of the public health operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH) in order to propose a model that will increase volunteers and motivation levels. Public service motivation theories are examined as appropriate for possible integration into the outreach efforts of the VIDOH. This is significant as a result of the federal's government's ten year health plan for the VIDOH that relies substantially on societal outreach services. The Depth component contains an annotated bibliography, which evaluates current literature on public service motivation and volunteer motivation theories with a discussion on motivating employees in the work environment. This section analyzes literature on motivation in general and discusses the role of the manager/leader; identifies problems pertaining to low morale and motivation; answers to the question, "Why should employees be motivated?" and explores keys to employee motivation. Employee motivation is crucial to the activities of the VIDOH due to the public service nature of its operations. The federal government has promoted a ten year health plan that will operate on and depend on societal outreach. As a result, the future success of health care services depends on community-based interaction founded on strong public policy initiatives. The application component assesses the public health community outreach operations of the Virgin Islands Department of Health (VIDOH); discusses the level and history of volunteerism within the VIDOH, and proposes a model that will increase the level of volunteerism based on the key characteristics identified by both public service and volunteer motivation theorists. Recommendations are made on what key characteristics drive individuals to volunteer and how this can affect recruiting as well as outreach efforts of the organization.
Outline:
Public Service Motivation
Socio-Historical Overview
Construction of the Public Service Motivation Theory
Implications of Public Service Motivation
Volunteer Service Motivation
Historical Overview
Functional Approach to Volunteerism
Role Identity Theory and Volunteerism
References
Depth Component
Annotated bibliography of current articles to accompany the Depth Section of KAM Democratic Governance
Reference
Depth Discussion
The Role of the Manager
Problems Pertaining to Low Morale & Motivation
Keys to Employee Motivation
Case Studies
Reference
Application Component
Tying it all Together: Public Service Motivation & Volunteer Motivation in the Workplace
Reference
From the Paper
"Consistent with prior research, which concludes that the strength of a person's role identity correlates with the voluntary donations of time, money, and even blood. Penner (2002) suggests that a combination of the functional and role identity approaches might explain the processes that underlie long-term volunteering. Farrell, Johnston & Twynam (1998) in studying special event volunteers found that volunteer motivation falls in four categories: purposive, solitary, external traditions and commitments. The results of their research suggested that the motivation for special events volunteers was much different than more traditional types of volunteering.
"Finklestein & Penner (2004) examined role identity theory as it applies to volunteering in accordance with the work of prior researchers. In a different approach to volunteerism, these researchers proposed that because volunteering occurs within a social structure, it is best understood in the context of identity theory. According to this perspective, one's self-concept consists of a hierarchy of social-role identities that guide behavior. (Finklestein & Penner, 2004). The more others identify one with a particular role, the more the individual internalizes the role and incorporates it into the self-concept. Additionally, according to Finklestein & Penner (2004), carrying out the role of a volunteer not only shapes how an individual views himself or herself, but it also drives future behavior as the individual strives to make his or her behavior consistent with the volunteer-role identity. The research in this area concludes that in regard to role identity theory, the concept of "self" has a direct causal effect on future activity."
| |
|
Education Portfolios, 2008.
The paper discusses the process to follow in order to create a career advancement education portfolio.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is recognized from a variety of standpoints that the portfolio can be advantageous for student assessment and evaluation as well as personal understanding of growth and development. The writer points out that at this point, however, there still remain issues of incorporating this portfolio into school systems nationwide and, more importantly, establishing consistency, as well as validity and reliability. The writer maintains that it is necessary to review what is being done in this regard in more depth to determine what is the best way to proceed.
From the Paper
"Jones in the U.S. Department of Education states that generically portfolios are the systematic and selective collection of student work that shows mastery or growth in a particular subject area over a certain time period. Real-life tasks, such as writing to a friend, are the basic structure instead of more standardized assessments as multiple-choice exams. These authentic tasks are intended to grow out of instruction based on real problems. She finds portfolios to help all students, regardless of the setting; they have the ability to address students' individual needs without labels. For example for her class portfolios, she included videotaping students in simulated job interviews, writing letters to businesses to request information about job shadowing, designing personal resumes, recording interviews with adults about their work responsibilities and careers, job shadowing in a work setting, and using Web-based sources to develop reports on career areas. By evaluating these portfolio activities and products, she determined progress toward goals in a career development course."
|
|
|