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Autism, 2007.
This paper evaluates an article by R.P. Hobson and J.A. Meyer tittled "Foundations for Self and Other: A Study in Autism" and published in a 2005 issue of "Developmental Science".
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper is a peer review of a study on autism, titled "Foundations for Self and Other: A Study in Autism". The author points out that, in this study, the researchers sought to delve into the issue of self-others relationship in developmental psychology and theory of mind, particularly in the context of autistic children. The paper concludes that, although this experiment was conducted based on sound theory, the methodology was so complex that replication will be difficult.
From the Paper
"The researchers suggest that points-to-self in normal children were decreased by inaccessibility to representations of self through the experimenter, whereas autistic children were relatively unaffected. The researchers re-affirmed previous studies on autistics' propensity for adapting a "third person" stance as well as normal children's "natural" propensity to model others and "see" one's self in others. The additional finding that nearly all the subjects placed the stickers on their own bodies without instruction but adjusted its position according to the experimenter's instruction, led the researchers to conclude that "cross-person representation" was at work."
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A Windshield Survey, 2007.
This paper explains the use of a windshield survey as executed in the Boyd Hill area of Rock Hill, New York in Sullivan County.
2,395 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that a windshield survey of a community requires making observations, either by walking or driving, at different times of the day and week to more fully understand and evaluate a community. The author points out that this windshield survey for the Boyd Hill community was conducted as a community health project to assess the community and to identify any problems. The paper concludes that this survey of the neighborhood shows it to be a true neighborhood, which has seen better days, but the real problem with the community is that it has been isolated and divided by the road system in the town. The paper includes many charts and a graph.
From the Paper
"The community does contain a recreational center called the Boyd Hill Recreation Center, located at 1165 Constitution Boulevard. The center is situated on a 22-acre park and includes a gym, a conference room, an activity/games room, three outdoor basketball courts, ands a lighted baseball field on two small lots. The center also has two lighted tennis courts, a swimming pool, and a wooded trail for hiking. One of these trails is accessible to the handicapped. The park operates Monday through Thursday from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm and on Fridays from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm."
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"Preoperative Teaching and Hysterectomy Outcomes", 2007.
An analysis of the research study, "Preoperative Teaching and Hysterectomy Outcomes," written by S.L. Oetker-Black, S. Jones, P. Estok, M. Ryan, N. Gale and C. Parker.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a qualitative analysis of the article "Preoperative Teaching and Hysterectomy Outcomes", a research study by Oetker-Black, Jones, Estok, Ryan, Gale and Parker. The paper describes the study purpose, as well as the nine hypotheses of the study. It then reviews the literature that was used and analyzes the study design used in the research. Finally, the paper looks at the strengths and limitations of the study.
Table of Contents:
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Question(s)
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
Study Variables
Conceptual Model\Theoretical Framework
Review of Related Literature
Study Design
Sample and Setting
Study Instruments/Tools
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths\Limitations
From the Paper
"Two threats to the internal validity of the study both were based on the data collectors used that were also the individuals selected to provide efficacy-based training to the study group. It is possible that patients responded to factors based on the collector's tone, demeanor or level of perceived compassion and interpreted this as nursing support to calm their anxiety rather than actually responding to the efficacy training. Similarly, the data collectors in post-surgical follow-up at six weeks and six months might have had the same effect and elicited different data than would have been provided on a self-reported questionnaire on paper."
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, 2007.
A research paper analyzing whether a factor besides the prion could be involved in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the devastating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). It describes the initial symptoms of CJD and it progression throughout the illness. The paper then analyzes the link between CJD and the prion protein in the brain. It also looks at diagnosis of the disease. The paper then goes on to research if the fact that CJD is limited to the central nervous system and olfactory-nerve tissue could indicate that some other factor besides the prion is involved. The paper presents the research design, its challenges and results.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Question
Methods
Research Team
Funding
Results
Leadership Skills
Challenges
Summary
From the Paper
"Very little is known about CJD in terms of what causes the mutation of the prion protein. Whereas sporadic CJD was always marked by low incidence since the 1920s, there is currently an alarming increase in the incidence of the disease in Switzerland. The reasons for this increase need to be studied immediately. After a decade of focus on the prion protein, studies are needed to determine underlying factors that may be affecting that protein to mutate. The mechanism by which the prion can avoid the immune system needs to be studied, along with the central question of how a protein can destroy neurons. The idea that a protein can destroy is a total paradox which needs to be resolved. Other questions concern how patients might be diagnosed without the need for invasive procedures."
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Nursing Research and its Contributions, 2007.
An analysis of the important contributions of nursing research to health care.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role and contribution of nursing research to health care. The paper focuses on evidence based practice in nursing and describes the importance of a nurse's involvement in research. The paper also acknowledges, however, the limitations that exist in attempting to answer all research questions with literature. It then discusses possibilities for overcoming the obstacles in the implementation of nursing research.
Table of Contents:
Roles of Nursing Research
Evidence-Based Practice
From the Paper
"Kurt Lewin's Change Theory can adequately describe the process necessary to overcome the obstacles in the implementation of nursing research. Lewin describes change can be induced in organizations or groups by first unfreezing prevalent cognitive concepts that affect perception of the new concept, relearning and refreezing the new concept (Schein, 2006). Unfreezing can begin by introducing new research in a series of lectures and symposia designed to highlight the current flaws in traditional practices and by emphasizing its strengths and limitations in order to redefine any preconceptions associated with it (Schein, 2006). Emphasis should also be placed on the success of other health care systems currently using it and its applicability to this hospital. Reinforcement of new evidence-based practices using group discussions serves to refreeze, re-evaluate and reset the prevailing norm to accept them as the new standard of care (Schein, 2006)."
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Assessment and Evaluation of Standardized Tests, 2007.
A review of the assessment and evaluation of the standardized Woodcock-Johnson III test.
2,214 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses standardized tests and evaluation tests used at Smithback Middle School, in terms of relevant publication information, stated purpose, participants and scoring and interpretation of results. The paper then focuses on the historical origins of the Woodcock-Johnson III test, looking at its purpose and development, as well as the advantages of its use.
Table of Contents:
Part I. Summary of Interview and Tests
Part II. Three Tests Used in this Setting
Part III. Further Exploration of the Woodcock-Johnson III Test
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the time of its creation, the Woodcock-Johnson III test was much better suited towards identifying and describing the intellectual performance of younger persons than the standard IQ test. Cultivation of the methodologies over time suggest that it has been improved; while the IQ test has also been revised and retooled over the decades, it is necessary to identify these two tests as having distinctive outcomes."
"The Woodcock-Johnson III test seems to be useful to parents, teachers, and students. The limitation of the steep initial fee may be cost-prohibitive for some communities, but it is useful and can be reused. It is not fully known what the test can achieve in respect to allowing students with learning disabilities and special needs to participate in the traditional classroom setting."
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Action Research, 2007.
An analysis of the skills required to conduct action research in the social sciences.
1,581 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and describes the skills that a researcher needs to engage in the social sciences, focusing primarily on action research. The paper explores the rationale behind action research and discusses its theory and practice. It then looks at the skills that are necessary in order to be able to conduct action research. The paper describes, briefly, how social research differs from traditional scientific research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Exploring the Rationale behind Action Research
Skills Needed to Engage in the Social Sciences and Action Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, there must also be care and consideration used to ensure that proximity and emotion do not dominate the research method. It is necessary to conduct action research through fully describing all aspects of the research process and the relevant data that was gathered from the research process (Argyris et al, 2000). Data that was not considered relevant but was compiled as part of the research experiment should also be kept on hand, although it is not necessary to write it up in the findings. Doing so will not only help demonstrate the complexity of the data and its associative qualities but will also help researchers verify their data if challenged by external observers or critics who do not approve of the use of the action research method."
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The Omission of Nursing Care, 2007.
This paper analyzes the study "Missed Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study" by J. Kalisch.
1,581 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the purpose of the study was to determine the different types of nursing care missed by staff in a medical-surgical unit setting and the reasons behind the omission of these routine care procedures. The paper looks at the data collection methods and the data analysis procedures. The paper examines the two major strengths and the two major limitations of the study and relates that the validity of the findings in this study may be strengthened by expanding replication studies on this subject to other specialties and patient subsets.
Outline:
Problem
Study Purpose
Study Design
Subjects and Setting
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths/Limitations
From the Paper
"The problem the study was conducted to address was that of determining frequently omitted routine nursing care and why these aspects of care are being omitted.
The problem is an important one for nursing to study because of its impacts on patients, their families and the entire nursing staff. With regard to patients, the omission of certain types of routine care on the part of the nursing staff may have unapparent ramifications at first (e.g. patient education, early ambulation) but may have disastrous consequences after discharge or in the following hospital days (e.g. readmission or emergence of life-threatening complications). With regard to families, the omission of these seemingly mundane tasks by the nursing staff can reflect a grossly inaccurate, if not negative image of apathy on the part of the entire staff, if not the entire hospital."
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Action Research, 2007.
This paper discusses the research method known as action research and its relevance to schools.
2,058 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper examines various ideas about the concept of action research. The paper looks at action research in a school setting that allows for inquiry and discussion as elements of research. The paper discusses how action research is also a collaborative activity among colleagues as they search for solutions.
From the Paper
"The concept of action research was developed in business. Organizational Development was shaped by theorist Kurt Lewin, founder of the movement, who described organizations as existing in a state of "quasi stationary equilibrium," meaning a tendency to be stable and resist change. The plan, however, was to institute change, and for Lewin this was to be accomplished by the a specialist whose tasks included (1) unfreeze the organization, (2) change it, and then (3) refreeze it in the new configuration. The method he suggested is called "action research," which is much like scientific research, except that adjustments are made in the research strategy as feedback is obtained."
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Information and Procedure Emails and Memos, 2007.
This paper is a needs assessment of the quality of writing information and procedure emails and memos at Seneca College.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the goal of applying communication standards at Seneca College is to reduce the writing time required and the misunderstandings in interpreting these messages. The author points out that the skill levels in email use and writing in two surveyed areas are inconsistent across the college despite the need for these skills to be used on a daily basis. The paper recommends that a standards guide be established for all Seneca College communication as well as the development of college-approved communication formats to be used for all inter-office emails and memos. The paper includes charts.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Profile of Target Audience
Methodology
Report: Writing Information and Procedure Emails and Memos Problem
Needs Assessment
Standard Requirements
Methodology
Evaluation
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Seneca College, as most education institutions, is in a constant state of technology upgrades. These upgrades in terms of software and hardware have not been implemented consistently organization wide as a result of need and the prohibitive cost to undertake such a venture. As a result, there presently are multiple software packages in use many of which are not current. As a result, college employees have varying degrees of knowledge and ability to use the range of existing software. Furthermore, employees have varying levels of expertise in writing."
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Action Research, 2007.
A discussion of the theoretical and methodological foundations of action research.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper defines action research as a contemporary area of scientific and sociological inquiry where behaviors, attitudes, preferences and subsequent actions of a given individual or population are studied. This paper discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of action research.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations of Action Research
Methodological Foundations of Action Research
From the Paper
"Kurt Lewin is identified as the originator of action research. In 1946, he provided his initial definition of action research and identified its functionality as a tool in promoting or encouraging change within established social paradigms. This proved to be invaluable as a means of inquiry, as it distinguished quantitative assessment from more flexible procedures of inquiry into qualitative information (Firestone, 1987)."
"Since Lewin's (1946) initial exploration into action research, a series of evolutions have occurred. The Gestalt effect helped to formulate increased exploration into the possible associations and outcomes found between Lewin's initial understanding of action research and how it could be relevant to either the individual or the population. Gestalt theory functions on the premise that all forms of stimuli impact the affected population through creating a sense of tension within the population."
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Asperger Syndrome, 2007.
A research proposal to study children with Asperger Syndrome.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Asperger Syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's Disorder, is a neurobiological disorder in which individuals can exhibit a variety of characteristics. This paper proposes a study to examines the mainstream educational environment in connection with the AS child's social skills and language development.
Outline:
Statement of Problem
Purpose of Study
Review of the Literature
Connection to Area of Concentration
Research Questions
Design of the Study
From the Paper
"In a discussion on the "hidden curriculum," Myles and Simpson (2001) discuss various interventions to help teach the AS child the skills that "we are not taught directly yet are assumed to know" such as social skills, actions, modes of dress and how to interpret slang or the use of idioms. The AS individual is very literal and thus does not understand the use of euphemisms. Bock (2001) also discusses the use of strategies to enhance social interaction skills in the AS child, with strategies similar to those discussed by Ganz (2001) through games for the AS child on how to interpret and subsequently use nonliteral English phrases."
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Encouraging Telecommuting, 2007.
This paper proposes research methodology for the Department of Human Resources.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the State Department of Human Resources (DHR) seeks a way to encourage workers to telecommute. The paper presents a study that focuses on incentives that can be offered to encourage telecommuting. The paper looks at the variables to be employed, methods of data collection and limitations of the study.
Outline:
Conceptual Framework
Research Question
Statement of Hypothesis
Isolation of Variables
Dependent, Independent, and Other Variables
Assessment of Variables
Assessment of Level of Measurement
Methods of Data Collection
Sample Population
Instruments Used
Data Analysis Method
Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"The State Department of Human Resources (DHR) seeks a way to encourage workers to telecommute. The conceptual framework of the current proposed study focuses on incentives that can be offered to encourage telecommuting. The term "incentives" refers to any factor that can be used as an enticement to affect targeted behavior change. It is believed that if incentives can be offered to the target population, these incentives would encourage more persons from among this sample population to perceive telecommuting as a desirable work environment."
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Measuring Crime Rates, 2007.
This paper attempts to identify appropriate methodologies for exploring crime rates.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the theory that the increase in crime rates have led to a need to respond to reported instances of crime, thus requiring increased action on the part of local police, fire and civil service departments. The paper explains that this correlation has been used to justify requisitioning a larger budget for law enforcement. The paper provides a hypothetical research methodology to identify any actual correspondence between these two variables.
Outline:
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Study Design and Execution
Expected Outcome and Limitations on Methodology
From the Paper
"The research design used to test this potential correlation is quantifiable and seeks to isolate units of measurement between two specific trends (Creswell 17). The first of these trends is an increase in crime statistics. The second is an increase in overtime pay for law enforcement officials. The scope of the research spans from the time when crime rates began to rise, which has been set at seventeen years ago to create an appropriate margin of error. Historical data for crime rates prior to this time period are also known and can be used to create a historical profile of the norms for both crime rates and overtime pay."
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Emotional Intelligence (EI), 2007.
This paper is a literature review to define the hypotheses for further research on the relationship of emotional intelligence (EI) to success as a sales person.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a series of studies have linked emotional intelligence (EI) with increased performance outcomes in the workplace such as employee effectiveness ratings, sales quota indices, leadership capacity, career commitment and managerial advancement. The author points out that the commonly accepted models of emotional intelligence (EI), which differ from the logical type termed as IQ or general intelligence, share several basic concepts including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. The paper suggests that hypotheses for research should be to acknowledge the need to establish further the connection between emotional intelligence and work outcomes and to establish the greater impact of EI scores on sales performance as contrasted to IQ scores.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms and Suggested Measures
Hypotheses of the Study
Further Research and Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"The Goleman-Boyatzis-Hay Emotional Competency Inventory is also based on a series of statements - but since it's a 360-degree instrument, individuals other than the test's subject are asked to answer the same questions about that subject. In this case, the ratings run from one to seven, with one being "slightly" and seven, "very." In practical terms, the Goleman-Boyatzis-Hay approach has focused less on training emotional intelligence than on addressing specific deficiencies in those competencies."
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Spirituality in the Workplace, 2007.
A research paper on spirituality in the workplace.
8,070 words (approx. 32.3 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 173.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study of spirituality in the workplace is no longer seen as a peripheral concern in management but rather as a subject that can throw considerable understanding on managerial issues and the process of leadership, as well as on learning processes in the workplace and organization. The author explains that this study investigates the relationship of spirituality to aspects of leadership and management such as morality, stress, ethics and unawareness of human welfare. The paper states that the methodology for this quantitative research uses face-to-face interviews with twenty managerial professionals in the commercial aviation services. The paper includes several quotations and the research questions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Problem Statement
Purpose
Significance
Nature of the Study
Research Questions
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Definitions
Spirituality
Detachment and "Letting Go"
Assumptions
Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another very significant aspect of the theoretical foundations of this study is that there is a sense of progression or movement from a sense of "pure" spiritually to an "applied" spirituality. This means that true inner and subjective spiritual experience is a central motivating force in the manifestation of that spirituality in life and work. Therefore "applied" spirituality is in reality inner spirituality in action in the external world. This aspect has enormous implications for the present study as it suggests that the inner significance of spiritual experiential aspects such as detachment or " letting go" (Zazen in Zen Buddhism ) as a deeply felt experience in the subjective nature of the individual, is translated into understanding and action which can practically improve leadership capabilities and interaction in the workplace."
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High School Diploma vs. GED, 2007.
A research proposal to analyze the differences in having a high school diploma versus a general equivalence diploma (GED) with regard to gaining employment in an entry-level position.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study of individuals who have earned a high school diploma and alternatively individuals who have a GED, in order to determine if this difference affects the individual's prospects for employment in an entry-level position. The paper also examines what specific or actual differences are demonstrated between the individual with the high school diploma and the individual who has obtained a GED with regard to the individual's preparedness to enter today's highly diverse, globalized, networked and highly technological workforce.
Outline:
Abstract
Research Aims & Objective
Introduction
Literature Review
Rationale
Methodology
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The rationale for this study lies within the fact that those who graduate from high school with a diploma, and those who obtain a GED are not either one more prepared than the other for joining the work force, even at entry-level specifications. The failing structure of the present educational system in terms of graduates who are prepared to enter today's workforce clearly demonstrates the need for something different, something revolutionary, such as an individualized plan of study for students in high school that is integrated closely and collaborative with the individual's work or plan for future work endeavor enabled through adequate educational provision and skill development."
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The Survey, 2007.
This paper describes the process of using surveys as a research technique and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of their use.
4,210 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the downside of using surveys as a research technique is that the process depends on universal principles, which allow the questionnaires to be generalized, that can make the use of the survey relatively inflexible and that there is always uncertainty about the potential level of response. The author points out that one of the advantages of conducting research surveys is that they are not as costly as other research methods and can be executed through a number of media such as mail, e-mail or personalized visits. The paper explains that the survey or questionnaire is selected by the researcher, as diverse as psychologists and anthropologists, to fulfill both his or her theoretical and practical goals.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Different Categories of Surveys
Surveys in Written Format
Surveys Conducted through Email
Surveys Administered within Groups
Drop-off Surveys
Surveys Conducted Orally
Reliability and Validity of Surveys
Reliability
Equivalency Reliability
Stability Reliability
Internal Consistency
Inter-rater Reliability
Difficulties of Achieving Reliability
Validity
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Criterion Related Validity
Face Validity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Content validity occurs when the initial aim of the research study is represented in the measurement of the overall results. All relative features and aspects have to be taken under consideration for the efficient attainment of aim as well as for its accurate measurement
A good example of this could be research done on the English language leaning of students. If the researcher only takes in the reading capability and factors that hinder reading capability then the content validity of that research would be inadequate because English language learning is not just about the reading skills but encompasses writing and vocabulary learning capabilities as well."
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The Effectiveness of Managers, 2007.
A research proposal to evaluate the effectiveness of managers.
7,649 words (approx. 30.6 pages), 61 sources, MLA, $ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a literature review assessing the fundamentals of management, the differences between management and leadership, an assessment of leadership theories, and the differences between transformational and transactional leadership. It looks at how, taken together, these concepts define the current landscape of research into best practices in each respective area. The transitions occurring in each area also are discussed, as are the key challenges or impediments to change occurring specifically in each area.
Outline:
Summary
Synopsis of Leadership Models and Theories
Defining Leadership Best Practices
Managers' Ability to Enable Transformational Leadership Strategies in Cross-Functional Teams
Methodology
References
From the Paper
"Analyzing best practices performances of leaders share several common attributes. Throughout this research, the validation of specific models has become increasingly clear. For example the model for exemplary leadership as defined by Kouzes and Posner (1997) encapsulates best practices that continue in practice today. Kouzes and Posner (1997), as all academic researchers have done, completed their own specific definition of leadership, which is "the art of mobilizing others to want to struggle for shared aspirations" (p. 30). In completing their research Kouzes and Posner (1997) also found that during the completion of their research, respondents defined research predominantly in the form of exemplary personal, professional and group-driven qualities, with several describing who leaders had a transformational effect on their lives, the researchers began to define their model more in terms of a study of relationships. "
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