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Lowering LDL Cholesterol Levels, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal to evaluate the use of the drug Xenica to lower LDL levels.
3,255 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper tests the hypothesis if the blood levels of individuals with genetically linked hypercholesterolemia, who have already had their LDL cholesterol lowered by this latter drug therapy, will see increased results if Xenical is added to their drug regime. The author points out that the research will be conducted on 100 male and 100 female because men and women have historically been shown to react differently to a range of medications. The paper states that, because the subjects are randomly selected, and the subject pool is a relatively large one, this quantitative study should be generalizable beyond this particular group of individuals. Questionnaire included.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Rights of Human Subjects
Null Hypothesis
Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"Before discussing the specific hypothesis that this research is designed to test, it will be useful to define some of the key terms that are being used in this research. To understand why high levels of bad cholesterol are indeed bad it is important to understand the basic chemistry of the substances involved. Lipids may be characterized as the ?building blocks? of the fats (or some related fatty substances) that are found in living organisms (both plants and animals). In animals, lipids, which serve as sources of energy for the individual, are composed mostly of cholesterol; and riglycerides; a form of protein called lipoproteins; and phospholipids, which are molecules comprised of phosphoric acid, along with nitrogen and fatty acids. Lipoproteins can be divided into five different types, arranged by both their size and density; they are also commonly divided by whether they carry cholesterol or triglycerides. Those lipoproteins that carry cholesterol are themselves commonly referred to as cholesterol."
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Aggression in Latina Female High School Students, 2002.
This paper is a serious research proposal to study the ways in which Latina, female high school students express aggression and focuses on the ways in which both gender and race condition the ways in which they act on aggressive tendencies.
6,675 words (approx. 26.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper, a research proposal, examines a number of different sets of literature, including that specifically addressing the ways in which the expression of aggression has a gendered element. The author states, after an extensive review of research methodology, that the research will be based on a quasi-ethnographic qualitative method, consisting primarily of unstructured interviews combined with observation in a naturalistic setting. The paper stresses that, even though boys and girls may exhibit their aggression and cruelty in distinct ways, the effects can be equally detrimental; therefore, teachers, parents, and the children themselves must be able to recognize and work to stop all forms of inter-personal aggression in children and teenagers.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
The Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Comment on Validity of Data
Originality and Limitation of Data
Summary of Research Design
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Quantitative research is most valuable when it is used to investigate any behavior (or value or belief) that can be quantified without doing harm to the core concept that is being investigated. Some concepts and behaviors are in fact very difficult to quantify, as Patton (1990) argues. How, for example, can one quantity the idea of religious belief without coming up with a unit that is so far divorced from the idea of faith that the research design has destroyed its own subject? Likewise, subtle measures of aggression are best determined through qualitative methods."
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Structural Change of the Working Mother, 2004.
Proposal for a study that would examine the changes women and businesses have had to make so that both can accommodate the demands of motherhood and job performance.
4,453 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a study that, in contrast to many earlier studies, hypothesizes that, as more and more mothers have entered the workforce, both women and business have had to change in order to accommodate the trend. The paper explains that the purpose of the study is to shed some light on the fundamental relationship between family and business in a working mother?s life and suggests that understanding this relationship will help further our understanding of society as a whole. The types of variables used, data collected, literature on the subject, and methodology to be employed are described as well.
From the Paper
"The challenges, due to the increase in working mothers, has continued year after year, for more than five decades, and continues to this day. As the mother is still the foundation of most children?s lives, it is imperative to see how this change will affect our future generations. As these same women become an even more important cog in the American workplace machinery, our understanding of how they affect business can only lead to increased efficiency and efficacy."
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Magazine Research, 2002.
This paper presents ten questions that the magazine researcher should answer before conducting the research.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses, in one of the questions, that the researcher should know how many of the respondents of the survey were readers of the magazine and if the results can be divided into non-readers and readers. The author believes that putting resources into making the focus group as effective as possible will be beneficial and will save money overall. The author is concerned that changing the content might impact negatively on current readers.
From the Paper
"3. Is the data from the survey valid and reliable?
The survey asks respondents to rate their interest in a product on a scale of one to ten. Is this a valid way to determine if they are likely to purchase a product. For example, many of the products advertised are food products. It seems unlikely that a respondent would say they are highly interested in butter. However, the respondents would buy butter. The concern is that the readers assessing their own interests may not be a valid way of determining what they spend their money on."
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Britain and the Iraq Conflict, 2002.
This paper reviews Britain's position on its participation in the current Iraqi conflict by examining public opinion polls.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Britain?s government rarely undertakes actions that are not either popular or predicted to be popular. Therefore, Tony Blair relies largely on ?focus groups? designed to poll popular opinion before undertaking any serious legislative measures. The author points out that a war for public opinion in the polls is a war between demographics, where similar people will answer the opinion poll in like fashion. The paper concludes that, even if most Britons think of the Iraqi conflict in terms of a glorified television spectacle, their leaders have not forgotten the benefits Britain once enjoyed supporting the old regime.
From the Paper
"According to the Reuters news organization, a poll released on Saturday, April 5th, 51% of Britons see ?a high death toll as a price worth paying for victory in the nation's war against Iraq,? according to the YouGov polling organization. This number falls only slightly short of the 55% of Britons that support the war, but is vastly different from pre-war polls, which found two thirds of UK residents opposed to declaring war on Iraq without United Nations support."
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Mass Media Research, 2002.
A look at the techniques used by the media to gain an understanding of their audiences.
1,693 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the media use different techniques to measure the size of a particular audience. It evaluates the methods used by publishers and local radio and television stations and the methodology used to analyze the information. It shows how techniques, such as specific surveys, can provide critical information when it comes to consumer preference and how surveys and polls are necessary for media outlets that want to survive in a society that is bombarded with information.
From the Paper
"Quota sampling is another tool used for analyzing audiences. This type of polling involves a cross-section of the population. The Gallop poll was the front runner of this type of survey, but was later abandoned because opinion could not be predicted within 4 percentage points. Gallop found that probability sampling was a much more accurate technique. Another type of polling that is used is straw polling. This type of polling can be seen when television stations ask viewers to call a 900 number and voice their opinion. News web sites also have these kinds of polls. It?s is important to realize that these polls generally don?t carry much weight as they do not fairly represent the public as a whole. However, probability and quota sampling are reliable tools for gathering information if they are conducted fairly."
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Research of a School Cafeteria Menu, 2002.
Outlines what method of research is appropriate for conducting a survey of the local school cafeteria menu items.
733 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by explaining what makes a good research paper. It shows that, often, researchers are required to utilize a combination of research methods before they can actually come to the desired conclusions. The paper shows that field research is one such method that requires the integration of other methods before the researcher can arrive at the desired results. In the example used in this paper, in which the objective of the research was to determine how children react to a change in the cafeteria menu item, the author illustrates this concept and explains how the different approaches can be used to augment one another.
From the Paper
"Children are sensitive to official representative or authority figure. A researcher would likely face less resistance with informal interview as compared to a more formal interview. Furthermore, an informal interview allows the researcher to delve into information that is not superficial. For this reason the method of informal interview, combined with the formal survey is required for conducting the survey effectively and efficiently."
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Types of Methodology, 2002.
An overview of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.
2,777 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how one of the most important choices that a researcher makes in designing a research project is to make a choice between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. It shows how, although the two can certainly be used together, most research projects rely far more heavily on one than on the other, either because of the nature of the data itself or because of personal preferences of the researcher.
From the Paper
"In general quantitative research is most valuable when it is used to investigate any behavior (or value or belief) that can be quantified without doing harm to the core concept that is being investigated. Some concepts and behaviors are in fact very difficult to quantify, as Patton (1990) argues. How, for example, can one quantity the idea of religious belief without coming up with a unit that is so far divorced from the idea of faith that the research design has destroyed its own subject? One of the problems that often comes up within research design is that some elements of a problem may be best assessed through quantitative means and others through qualitative means."
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Preschool Participation, 2002.
A research study showing the influence of preschool participation on educational outcomes in kindergarten.
3,908 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
As young children are increasingly enrolled in various forms of non-parental education outside of the home, there has been a growing interest since the 1960s in determining the degree to which preschool programs influence children?s learning, development and later educational outcomes. A particular concern raised by those interested in the influences of preschool participation focuses on the degree to which inequalities in early care and education may be responsible for much of the inequality in later educational outcomes within the U.S. On the basis of the ongoing questions that have emerged regarding the benefits of preschool, this research report addresses and clarifies the influence of preschool on educational success in kindergarten. In addition, the research identifies factors that have been found to influence the degree to which preschool participation impacts successful educational outcomes in kindergarten. Factors under consideration are child characteristics, program characteristics and social/environmental characteristics. The study is conducted via the use of the heuristic research method in which six studies were examined for the purposes of determining the association between preschool and educational outcomes in kindergarten.
From the Paper
"Similar findings were reported by Campbell, Pungello, Miller-Johnson, Burchinal & Ramey (2001) in their study of the Abecedarian Project. The study was initiated more than twenty years ago and has followed over one hundred low-income children from infancy to young adulthood. As reported by the researchers, of the 111 infants originally involved in the study, 57 were assigned to an early intervention child care program and 54 received care in some other setting. Each child in the early intervention program had an individualized program of educational activities which was designed to enhance social, emotional, and cognitive development. Children in the program received at least five years of this specialized care until they left the program for kindergarten. On the basis of ongoing measurement, the researchers reported that children who participated in the intervention program had higher cognitive test scores from the toddler years through the age of 21, as well as higher academic achievement in reading and math from the primary grades through young adulthood".
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Gathering Resources, 2002.
Discusses the importance of using trustworthy and reliable sources when conducting research, using as an example a research study on gender differences in the workplace.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In conducting research, it is critical to ensure that the information obtained is reliable and accurate. Otherwise, the research completed cannot achieve a worthwhile result. To assess whether information is reliable and accurate, the source of the information needs to be considered to determine if the source is trustworthy. To illustrate how sources are assessed in practice, a simple set of questions are researched in this paper. These resources focus on the author's job as a salesperson with the aim of determining what the level of gender segregation is in the job, what the average pay is, what skills are required and what similarly skilled jobs are worth compared to this job. Firstly, the results of this research are presented. To illustrate that the results came from trustworthy sources, each of the three sources are discussed in turn. This includes detailing the source and describing why the source has been assessed as trustworthy.
From the Paper
"The conclusion that relationship-building skills are essential for a sales person comes from an article titled "Relationship-oriented characteristics and individual salesperson performance." This article was published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Business and International Marketing and is authored by Bruce D. Keillor, R. Stephen Parker, and Charles E. Pettijohn. The article is directed at an audience of educated sales managers and scholars, rather than to a lay person audience. The article focuses on the relationship-building skills of sales people and concludes that this skill is essential to salesperson performance. The study is a research study based on primary data with professional sales people surveyed to determine their relationhip-building skills and their performance. The research used accepted survey tools to determine its results, which increases the reliability of the results."
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An Overview of Methodological Strategy, 2002.
Analyzes the choice between qualitative and quantitative methodologies, that a researcher must make in designing a research project.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains quantitative and qualitative research methods. It also discusses their uses and in what type of research they are most valuable. The paper also looks at some of the shortcomings associated with each type of methodology and what might motivate a researcher to favor one method over another.
From the Paper
"To count or not to count. That is the question. And a question of as great importance to many social scientists and humanists as was Hamlet?s question to himself on the nature of suicide and the value of life. One of the most important choices that a researcher makes in designing a research project is to make a choice between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Although the two can certainly be used together, most research projects rely far more heavily on one than on the other either because of the nature of the data themselves or because of personal preferences by the researcher. That is certainly true of this research, which could only effectively have been carried out through the use of a statistical methodology."
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Temporary Labor Programs, 2002.
An analysis of how a temporary business employment service for youths aids the transition from school to the workplace.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how temporary labor programs have long been utilized as mechanisms to assist businesses accomplish long term goals and help fill temporary labor needs resulting from absent employees or busy employment cycles. It looks at how many youths can benefit from youth employment programs, gaining valuable skills and practical experience that will teach them how to turn classroom skills into lifelong lessons. It proposes a project to teach youths of approximately high school ages 16-18 how to establish a stable career outlook by investing in a temporary employment program.
Outline
Statement of Purpose
Setting of the Problem
History and Background of the Problem
Scope of the Proposed Research Project
Literature Review
Research Method/Design
Data Collection Plan
Data Analysis Plan
From the Paper
"Temporary employment programs are put into place to help young people gain ?practical experience working for agencies.? As early as 1960 a temporary labor program was established on public lands to employ youths in maintenance and administrative positions in New York City. The assistance of youth labor not only helped youths find practical uses for classroom learned skills, it also facilitated the completion of many outstanding projects. The Mound City Group National Monument utilized temporary employment in 1967 to enhance the existing administrative and maintenance staffs (Hopewell, 2002). Use of temporary employment became much more widespread in the 1970?s, when Manpower, Inc. came about. The temporary agency augmented maintenance operations for organizations such as Mound City Group by as much as 2,871 man-hours (Hopewell, 2002)."
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Cloning Opinions, 2002.
An exploration the issues of gender differences and their effect on one?s opinions regarding the acceptance or rejection of the practice of cloning.
3,254 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how there have been many surveys conducted on public opinion concerning the issue of cloning and how many of these studies failed to separate answers according to gender, age and other demographic issues. It examines the issue of gender bias and how it is generally accepted that women and men think differently and that some of these differences have their root in biology and others have their basis in environment and social upbringing. In particular it looks at the topic of cloning and proposes a study to determine if the issues of gender differences have an effect on perceptions of its practice.
From the Paper
"The primary focus of this study is to explore the factors that may influence the results of public opinions polls concerning cloning issues. There are many demographic issues that could serve to confound the results of the study such as socio-economic status, social issues including religion of the subject, educational status, rural or urban upbringing, amount of knowledge in general about cloning, mass media effects and many other issues. This study will focus on attempting to isolate the issue of gender as a predictor of acceptance or rejection of cloning. This study may be effected by the above issues, or other issues that have not been identified. An attempt will be made to eliminate these variables from the research by carefully selecting a balanced sample population."
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Design Process of a Forty-Five Foot Sailing Boat, 2002.
An explanation of the design process used for building a ship, focusing on the technological aspects used in the design.
6,140 words (approx. 24.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This research paper investigates the development of sailing boat design and construction, providing a selective study of the history of sailing boats including their use, design and construction and evolution. The paper then offers an investigation of the development of computer technology for design purposes, which shows how the accessibility of computer hardware and the availability of software are major factors that enable their use as tools to aid the design process. Finally, a summary is provided as to when, where and how computer technology have been used in the design process of the case study and an evaluation of the previously discussed information regarding the application of computer technology in the design process. This research supports the theory that computers are an essential element to modern ship design.
From the Paper
"Boats are a tool that must be of use to human beings. Boats were first developed in response to certain social needs and as these needs changed so did boats, their design and usage. Boats are primarily for the purpose of transportation of people and goods, no matter what the final intent of the people, the role of the boat is always transportation. The following overview will examine how the use of ships has changed over time and how the design of ships have changed in reopens to changing needs. New technology has undoubtedly had an impact on the design of ships. It is the combination of these factors that have led to the advances in shipbuilding that embody the art as is today."
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Music Effect on Shopping Habits, 2002.
A research design examining the effects of music on grocery store shopper habits.
2,654 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper details a research design which will follow the hypothesis that when music is played, regardless of the type of music played, that shoppers will spend more time and more money as opposed to the amount of time and money spent when the music is not being played. It provides a methodology explanation, limitations of the study and implications of the study.
From the Paper
"Marketers continuously attempt to influence shopper habits by manipulating their environment. It has been known since the early 1970s that factors such as lighting, layout, sounds, colors and temperature invoke emotional responses in consumers (Kotler, 1973). Research has shown that the amount of time spent in a restaurant was directly related to the amount of money spent (Caldwell and Hibbert, 2002). Musical preferences were found to play a factor in the restaurant experience. However, the tempo of the music was not found to be significant (Caldwell and Hibbert, 2002). Several researchers have focused on the effects of music on consumer behavior (North, Hargreaves, and McKendrick, 1996; Yalch & Spangenberg, 1990; Milliman, 1982)."
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Performance Appraisal, 2002.
This paper is a research study of the effectiveness of performance appraisals, a term used for evaluating performance of employees in an organization, and the issues accompanying performance appraisals.
8,830 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research project which used a review of literature and previously completed research projects to evaluate if the achievement of organizational goals and objectives can be measured in part by effective performance appraisals. The paper reports that all of the studies confirm that effective and proper performance appraisals do result in better job performance, measuring performance effectively and enhancing care for work ethic. The author believes that an individual performance evaluation plan increases the employee?s specific understanding of his jobs and the specific tasks that make up those jobs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Hypothesis
Research Questions
Assumptions
Literature Review
Causes of Performance Appraisal
Steps Leading to Performance Appraisal
Performance Appraisal
Research Methodology
Variables
Results
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendations
Conclusion and Implications
From the Paper
"Till the end of 80s, though there was a large body of research in aspects of performance appraisal concerning accuracy of measurement, employee participation, types of performance measurements and other areas, there was no substantial research that specifically linked increased job performance and effective performance measurement with the performance appraisals. Then in 1994, a study conducted by Bruns and McKinnon, studied the following hypotheses and determined the link between performance appraisals and increased job performance through them. The first hypothesis stated that employees in organizations with well-defined, regular performance appraisal systems have more knowledge of their daily activities in more specific, precise terms than employees in corporations where this is not the case. The study further concluded that these organizations hence experience increased employee performance. The second hypothesis stated that employees in companies with well-defined and periodic performance appraisal systems concentrate their tasks on areas on which they are evaluated. In other words, such performance appraisals effectively measure the employee performance. This study has further been used throughout this paper as a recent step in this evolutionary process with the previous studies taken as classics."
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HIV Risk Prevention, 2002.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to explore HIV risk prevention by educating minority adolescents.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This study asks if an interactive school-based HIV/AIDS prevention/education program for multi-ethnic urban seventh and eighth graders can increase their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, promote positive attitudes towards people with AIDS and encourage the desire for changes in the high risk behavior. The paper states that this research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), introduced by Fishbein in 1967 and suggests that a person?s attitude toward any object is a function of his or her belief about the object and the evaluative aspects of those beliefs. The author proposes that an HIV educational program intervention will be used with a design consisting of a pre-test and post-test evaluation of an educational intervention on HIV/AIDS prevention to seventh and eighth grade students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Framework
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methodology
Research Design
Research Sample
Independent Variable
Research Results
Implications for Family/
Community Health Nurse Practitioners
Implications for Target Population/Community
Summary
Appendix
From the Paper
"In the United States, HIV/STD infections are prevalent among the African Americans, and the Latinas in urban and rural areas especially in districts where the unemployment rate is high and impoverished families cannot send their children to school. Out-of-school youth ages 12-19 are most stricken and while efforts are being heightened and the federal government and other funding organizations are helping, HIV/STD cases still exist and programs don?t seem to work out at all."
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Mainstreaming Special Education Students, 2002.
A proposal to study the inclusion of special education students into mainstream education.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
Previous studies have not always resulted in consistent results on the success or lack of success while mainstreaming students with disabilites and special needs. The paper shows, however, that in 50 studies comparing the academic performance of mainstreamed and segregated students with mild handicapping conditions, the mean academic performance of the integrated group was in the 80th percentile, while the segregated students score was in the 50th percentile. This paper proposes a study to prove the marked improvement in the scholastic achievement of mainstreamed ADHD students participate.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Questions to be Asked by Parents / School
Ethical Questions
Definition of Subject / Participants
Hypothesis
Definition of Procedure
Sample Evaluation Form
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Prior to mainstreaming, the family needs to be informed of what will transpire if the move to a regular classroom does not work out. What if a bully in the art class makes fun of the child s disability? Who handles that, if the teacher cannot always control the bully? What if the child is an African-American and the class he is moved into is largely Caucasian, with redneck roughnecks in the back of the room making racially inappropriate remarks? What if the child is Middle Eastern, with a name such as Mohammed, and rude boys in the new class re-name him bin Laden or another derogatory title?"
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Maternal Incarceration, 2002.
This paper is a formal research proposal to study the affects of maternal incarceration on children and youth.
7,045 words (approx. 28.2 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the purpose of this proposed formal research study is to examine further the influence of maternal incarceration on the social, emotional and educational well-being of children. The author uses an ecological perspective to better understand the problems experienced by families and individuals by considering the larger environment and systems that impact them and are a part of their everyday experiences. The author believes that when a child?s mother is incarcerated, separation between parent and child can be expected to be nothing less than distressing and painful, regardless of the disruption that may have been present in their lives prior to incarceration. The research method is a survey using a questionnaire; the population is incarcerated mothers, their children, the caretakers of children, and others involved in working with the family of children whose mothers have been incarcerated.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Relevant Background Information
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Theoretical Framework
Literature Review
Demographics of Incarcerated Mothers and their Children
Impact of Mother?s Incarceration on Children
An Ecological Perspective of Incarcerated Mothers and their Children
Summary of the Literature Review
Methods and Procedures
Research Design
Research Hypotheses
Research Methods
Sample
Sampling Procedure
Instrumentation
External Validity
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Data Coding
Statistical Analyses
From the Paper
"Special issues may also arise when children are placed with grandparents. As explained by Johnson and Smith (2000), efforts to raise children after one has already raised their own to adulthood may be particularly difficult for grandparents. Stresses increase as grandparents find themselves challenged by a number of losses, including loss of one?s freedom, time, and adult friendships as well as the loss of expectations concerning the typical role assumed by most grandparents.Grandparents are faced with the experience of dealing with their own feelings about an altered lifestyle and sense of personal sacrifice as well as a child or children who may have very special needs because of their parent?s incarceration. Respite care is not always available and the relationship with the incarcerated mother may become increasingly strained. These problems may be further complicated by fatigue, which has been identified by grandparents raising grandchildren as a major problem and physical and mental health may also be affected as well. According to Burton (1992), grandparents faced with raising their grandchildren have reported an increase in anxiety and depression; in their use of tobacco and alcohol; and in health problems, including arthritis, diabetes, slight strokes, and mild heart attacks."
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