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Substance Misuse Treatments, 2007.
A comparison of treatment effectiveness for substance misuse with the use of different treatment models.
8,816 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This trial investigates the models that are often used in the treatment of substance abuse in individuals that also have serious mental health conditions. The paper analyzes if dual diagnoses are common and how treatment is different from treating a singular diagnosis. It then compares the advantages and disadvantages of using the Integrated Treatment Model versus the Standard Treatment Model and the degree and incidence of substance misuse that is reduced with the use of both models.
Table of Contents:
Full Title Of Trial
The Need For A Trial
What Is The Problem/Question To Be Addressed?
What Are The Principal Research Questions To Be Addressed?
Why Is A Trial Needed Now?
How Will The Results Of This Trial Be Used?
Background Information
Implications for Treatment
Integrated Treatment Model
Standard Treatment Model
The Proposed Trial
What Is The Proposed Trial Design?
What Are The Planned Trial Interventions?
What Are The Proposed Practical Arrangements For Allocating Participants?
What Are The Proposed Methods For Protecting Against Other Sources Of Bias?
What Are The Planned Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria?
What Is The Proposed Duration Of Treatment Period?
What Is The Proposed Frequency And Duration Of Follow Up?
What Are The Proposed Outcome Measures?
What Is The Proposed Sample Size?
What Is The Likely Rate Of Loss To Follow-Up?
How Many Centers Will Be Involved?
Are There Any Planned Subgroup Analyses?
Will The Trial Address Any Economic Issues?
What Is The Estimated Research Cost Of The Trial?
Will There Be NHS Cost Implications For This Trial?
Over What Period Is Funding Requested?
Trial Management
Participating Centers
Application History
Ethical Issues
Future Work
From the Paper
" Lastly the standard treatment model acknowledges that significant others play a role in recovery. The institute asserts that during the initial stages of treatment family members complete a detailed questionnaire concerning the client's alcohol and/or drug use and the ensuing consequences (Owen, 2003). In addition counselors may have other meetings with family members during the assessment phase to gain more information about the client (Owen, 2003). In addition the families may be invited to participate in a separate family program where they will be taught more about the nature of addiction (Owen, 2003). There may also be a family conference that takes place near the end of treatment during which the counselor, the client, and the client's family discuss any concerning issues and review goals as they relate to discharging the client (Owen, 2003). The majority of families will also have to seek aftercare and may attend Al-Anon (Owen, 2003)."
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Test Anxiety Research, 2007.
An in-depth evaluation of a study performed that examined the impact of brief cognitive therapy on test anxiety.
3,901 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a study that sought to determine the effectiveness, if any, of brief cognitive therapy intervention in the reduction of test anxiety. The paper explains that it would appear from the data that cognitive intervention had successfully reduced anxiety and with this available data, a hypotheses could have been proved. However, the paper discusses the drawbacks of the study; it may have been biased and there were too few participants used. The paper concludes that certainly other factors could have been integrated into the study and may have produced results other than what was produced by this study. But, for as far as it went, this study accomplished its goals and objectives. It proved that such cognitive therapy did work, albeit to a small degree.
From the Paper
"There are a number of factors that affect how a study is perceived and whether the conclusion of the study is deemed valid or not. Especially difficult to verify are components of studies and tests that measure or attempt to measure items of a mental nature. In assessing these types of tests, many outside factors that cannot be controlled affect the tests as well, and oftentimes these uncontrollable factors leads to controversy concerning the studies."
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Methodological Concepts, 2007.
An analysis of methodological concepts as applied in sociological (empirical) research.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a journal article by Scott South, Kyle Crowder and Erick Chavez where the issue of social mobility is discussed extensively and quantitatively. In the article, entitled, "Exiting and Entering High Poverty Neighborhoods: Latinos, Blacks, and Anglos Compared," the authors provided a profile of people, particularly based on different ethnic membership, who are most likely to go down the social mobility ladder, that is, experience high poverty. The paper discusses the four methods utilized extensively in the study: cross-sectional study, panel study, survey research and meta-analysis. The paper reveals that an important insight generated from this study is that a problem can be better resolved with the help of more than one research method.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodological Concepts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study generated interesting findings concerning the different profiles and propensities to experience high or low poverty among the three ethnic membership studied: Latinos, Blacks, and Anglos. While the study's finding showed that Latinos are more likely to find themselves in high-poverty neighborhoods, the descent from low- to high-poverty occurs increasingly among Blacks. Meanwhile, Anglos have the least susceptibility to experience high poverty, and have the highest chance of ascending from high- to low-poverty status."
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Observational Studies of Police, 2007.
This paper discusses the ethics and risks involved in the research of police officers.
2,731 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines observational studies of the police officer and the risks, including ethical risks, that one might face in the course of conducting such a study. The paper notes the danger that is presented in one 'going native' and losing his/her objectivity, thereby clouding the research. The paper reviews various studies about the risks in such a research initiative. This paper finds that optimally one would research from a more detached or objective view and certainly accompany an observational study of the police officer with other types of data and analysis methods. The paper concludes how it is clear that the observational study of the police officer is one with inherent risks that the researcher should be well-prepared for.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem of Access
Impartiality
Going Native
Overt Vs Covert
Ethics
How Reliable/How Valid
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another factor to consider is the confidentiality of the information one might obtain in the conduction of research and the fact that a court order might order disclosure compliance and simultaneously conflict with principles in research and ethics. Related in one report are two specific instances when a court order might demand confidential research information being disclosed. Those two situations are: "(1) When maintaining confidentiality would undermine a defendant's right to full answer and defense, and (2) When public safety is endangered. (Lowman and Palys, nd)"
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Exercise and the Well Elderly, 2006.
This paper describes and evaluates an article by Grove and Spier entitled 'Motivating the Well Elderly to Exercise' from the "Journal of Community Health Nursing", Vol. 16., 1999.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the researchers established that exercise is important for elderly people; however, even after redefining the frequency of exercises from three times a week to two times a week, only six out of the 137 people invited stuck with the program for six months. The author of this paper points out that, while the researchers considered using peer leaders as successful, as soon as peer leadership was part of the program, attendance declined, which suggests that the residents valued having a medical professional visibly leading the program. The paper concludes that, while the researchers accurately reported their program and presented their study in a cohesive way, they did not seem to look closely at what worked and what did not work.
Table of Contents:
Research Purpose
Research Framework
Design
Measurement, Data Collection, Data Analysis
Strengths and Weaknesses of Study
From the Paper
"The authors [of 'Motivating the Well Elderly to Exercise'] noted that although regular exercise supports good health and reduces health care costs, only about 1/3 of those over 65 exercises on a regular basis. The researchers wanted to see if making an exercise program easily available to this population would change exercise habits. The authors looked at literature on the topic and cited numerous studies demonstrating that exercise improves general health as well as heart and lung function; can reduce injuries such as hip fractures; and have positive effects on chronic conditions..."
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Osteoporosis, 2007.
An analysis of the results and implications of research into osteoporosis.
11,907 words (approx. 47.6 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 231.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a study that was done to determine bone mass density in a group of 58 women. The paper analyzes the methodology and results of the study and then discusses the implications of osteoporosis in the general population. It looks at the consequences of osteoporosis, the human and economic costs and gives recommendations for the community on how to combat the problem.
Table of Contents:
Results
Data Analysis
Methodological Limitations
Results
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Limitations of Study
Implications
Recommendations For Further Research
From the Paper
"Fortunately, there is some guidance available from the American College of Physicians (ACP) for this purpose. The ACP published clinical guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women in 1992 concerning preventive hormone therapy emphasizing that a distinction must be made when initiating therapy for therapeutic reasons with regards to menopause versus prevention. "The decision to begin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be a consensus between the patient and her physician," they advise, "and a discussion should be held discussing the merits and potential harms of therapy" (p. 348)."
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Breast Cancer and Obesity, 2007.
A study proposal and literature review to determine the relationship between obesity and the prevalence of breast cancer.
3,729 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to look at women with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 24 (clinical definition of obesity per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and see if their rate of breast cancer is higher than for those women with a breast cancer who are within normal weight standards. The study is to be done via a records review and personal interview when possible and it is hypothesized that those women who have a greater BMI will have a greater risk of breast cancer, regardless of tumor type, ethnicity and other lifestyle factors.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methods and Procedures
Exclusion Criteria
Selection
Summary
Appendix A: Informed Consent Form
From the Paper
"Breast cancer is a significant health issue for women world over. The older a woman gets, the more likely she is to develop breast cancer. When women are aware of the risk factors, they are able to reduce their risk of the disease. Women are often times unaware of issues surrounding absolute and relative risk factors. For example, smoking increases a woman's relative risk of breast cancer by 32%. All any woman must do to reduce this risk is to discontinue smoking. Yet many women are not aware that by losing weight, they may be able to reduce their risk of breast cancer. Better yet, most studies seem to support doing your best not to gain weight at all. "
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US Deterrence Strategies After The Cold War, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of the post Cold War US deterrence strategies.
22,206 words (approx. 88.8 pages), 74 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the opinions of many after September 11th, that the present form of terrorism has made classical deterrence theory outdated. According to the paper transnational terrorism has totally dented conventional wisdom, which had dictated proceedings during the cold war. Similarly, rogue states all over the world, in general, and the Middle East and South Asia, in particular, have created a great deal of tension in Washington. The paper further discusses how the role of the American rival states, such as, North Korea and China and the functions and limitations of the UN Security Council have completely transformed the security structure of the sole hyper power of the world. This paper tries to elucidate the best possible deterrence strategy the United States should pursue after the cold war.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Justification of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Part 2
Transnational Terrorism
The Rogue and the Rival States
The U.N. Security Council
Conclusion of This Section
Part 3
Literature Review
Classical Deterrence Theory
The End of Cold War deterrence
A New Justification
Conclusion of This Section
Part 4
The First Case Study: The Strategic Triangle (US/China/Russia)
The Sino-Russo Partnership
The US-Russian Labyrinth: A Subtle Relationship
The Source for Cooperation and Divergence
Effect of the End of Cold War
Conclusion of This Section
The Second Case Study: Deterring North Korea
US Policy on the Korean Peninsula Since 1945
The Future of the U.S. Foreign Policy on the Korean Peninsula
The Status Quo Option
The Hard-Line Option
Compromise
Early Bush Administration Policy
Conclusion
The third Case Study: Transnational Terrorism
Counter-terrorism in a Global Society
Conclusion
Part 5
Observation and Conclusion
Correcting the Strategic Gaps in the U.S. Approach to Homeland Defense Concentrating Less on Who is Responsible and More on What They Ought to be Responsible of
Planning for Higher-Probability, Lower-Consequence, and Lower-Probability, Higher-Consequence Events
From the Paper
"At the threat of generalization, one could make a case that US relations with China were greatly powered by two issues: the vicissitudes in the Sino-Russo association and--the more significant of the two--the Taiwan problem. For 30 years following the "People's Republic of China" (PRC) emergence in 1949, the United States carried on to acknowledge the adversary Chinese government (the Republic of China, or ROC) that had moved to Taiwan after trailing behind the civil conflict on the mainland. The path to ultimate US standardization with the PRC in 1979 was cemented by US President Richard Nixon, whose striking plan was to build a coalition with China--which was, at that time, in conflict with the Soviet Union--in an effort to oppose the increasing Soviet threat. However the United States, in spite of everything, maintains informal relations with the Republic of China. Certainly, under the "Taiwan Relations Act," a piece of internal US legislation, Washington is under a duty to defend Taiwan's safety and therefore carry on arms sales to the isle .
Washington's Taiwan association has bedeviled its dealings with the Republic of China from this time onwards, even more so following 1988 when Taiwan's political leadership demonstrated growing inclinations in the direction of a separatist route outside the One China state-of-affairs. All through a brief disagreement amid mainland China and Taiwan in 1996, the United States sent off two naval battle factions to the Taiwan channel to demonstrate moral cooperation for Taiwan (and maybe to gratify President Clinton's congressional associates). An unintentional war with China was hardly prevented only with the sensible removal of the US carrier Independence, at the same time as, the second carrier, the Nimitz, was still on its route as of the Mediterranean Sea. The narrow escape drove home the Republic of China's sincerity in relation to Taiwan to the Clinton management, forcing it to assume a soul-searching evaluation of Sino-US strategy. The concluding decision for Clinton's "thoroughgoing" engagement policy concerning the Chinese, which he practiced all through his second presidential tenure, was to prevent himself from being heaved into an unintentional war with China on behalf of Taiwan ."
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Character Education, 2007.
A proposal for a curriculum that focuses on character education for fourth grade children.
4,903 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes to develop a fourth grade curriculum on character education in a large urban elementary school. The paper critically analyzes diverse, significant and pertinent texts and experiences that the writer has encountered within (and across) her course work and that reflect the most current research theory and practice on 4th grade character education. The writer proposes that, at present, insignificant attention is generally paid, in the fourth grade and at other levels of K-12 education, to issues of personal character and relationships with others.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rationale for the Proposal
Purpose of the Project
Elements of the Project
How My Proposed Curriculum Addresses Diverse Needs of Colleagues (and Students)
Projected Outcomes
Identification of Participants
Projected Timeline for the Project
Critical Reflections on how this Proposed Curriculum Will Contribute to Systemic Change at the School and/or Community/ Society Level
References
Appendix I: Children's Literature Recommended for teaching Character Education, Grades 1-5
Appendix II: Potential Character Education Classroom Activities; Lesson Plans and other Information for Teachers and Administrators
From the Paper
"As a result, school curricula began now, also, to examine, for the first time, relationships among people, independent of race, class, gender or handicap. It is high time in our elementary schools today, I believe, for such overdue curricular emphasis, especially since, according to both Delgado & Stefanic (2001), and Sleeter & Grant (1988), people tend to automatically create categories, based on past experiences that they then organize in their minds."
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Military Children Dependents, 2006.
This paper presents a proposal to study how children are affected when a parent is deployed to a war zone.
2,880 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although there have been many studies about the mental health problems of returning Persian Gulf veterans, the problems of children of the active duty military personnel, who are being deployed to hazardous duty locations, have been ignored. The author suggests that the absence of one or both parents during a child's formative years can be devastating and the implications of a returning parent experiencing severe and potentially debilitation conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder or a battlefield injury remain largely unknown. The paper relates that the methodology for this study is a critical review of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature and a survey of adolescents who currently have parents on active duty or are assigned to war zones.
Table of Contents
Purpose of the Study
Theoretical Implications and Relationship to Previous Work in the Area
Overview of the Study
Literature Review
Definition of Study Variables and Concepts
Adolescent
Child
Military Brat
Unresolved Grief
Background and Overview
Impact of Active Duty Parental Military Service on Children during Periods of War
Methodology
Population
Participants
Number of Participants
Selection of Participants
Instrument
Procedures
Distribution of Survey
Treatment of Collected Data
Limitations of the Study
Appendix: Sample Survey Instrument for Military Brat Research Project
From the Paper
"According to Neuman (2003), surveys that receive many responses are considered more reliable than those that do not; therefore, in an effort to solicit as many responses from qualified respondents as possible, both online and paper-and-pencil versions of the survey will be made available to volunteer respondents. The online version of the survey is available through URL: http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=198691949423 and a paper-and-pencil version can be emailed, mailed or hand-delivered to qualified respondents."
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Affordable Housing and The Homeless, 2007.
A research proposal on how to meet the needs of the homeless population in the United States.
3,599 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper examines affordable housing availability - provision, guidelines, regulations, funding and other relative factors - and the examination of the homeless population in terms of why they are homeless, what led to them being in the homeless condition, if their needs are being met and how. The paper investigates new initiatives that have been implemented to reach the large homeless population in the United States. The writer designs a study to explore these questions.
Outline:
Objective
Statement of Thesis
Statement of The Problem
History of The Problem and Literature Review
I. Affordable Housing Options
II. Causes of Homelessness
III. Demographics of The Homeless Population the The U.S.
IV. New York's Blueprint
V. Landmark Study
VI. Importance of the Provision of Assistance in Obtaining Housing
VII. Prevention
Methodology
Data Gathering and Data Analysis
Scope of the Survey/Questionnaire
Country Designation Guidelines
Approximate Costs of this Research Project
Consideration of Ethical Factors
Feasibility of the Research
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The findings of research in an Iowa study states that of those who are homeless in the State of Iowa 60% of those are children. While this is enough to suggest critical research needs, state as well are findings that in areas of the state that are rural, non-metropolitan areas, the group of homeless are comprised of larger percentages than in metropolitan areas homeless population. Obviously, this area of research has been overlooked by researchers in this field and that is the research with its' primary focus the homeless children of rural and non-metropolitan areas of the United States."
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Cocaine Abuse and Violent Crime, 2007.
A research proposal to find a correlation between cocaine abuse and violent crime in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas.
8,796 words (approx. 35.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This research proposal suggests the conduction of a quantitative research study through cluster sampling, in the Dallas-Fort Worth area of the state of Texas, specifically related to testing correlation between the factors of the adult abuser of cocaine and violent crimes in the area. The literature review in this work provides an overview of the drug trade environment in the Dallas-Fort Worth area as well as statistical data for factors in the cocaine drug business and the lives of those who abuse cocaine in that area. Recommendations of this study are that more research should be conducted relating to the links between violent crimes and adult cocaine abuse in Dallas-Fort-Worth Texas.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Significance of the Study
Study Variables
Definition of Terms
Assumptions and Limitations
II. Literature Review
Precise Pharmacology of Cocaine as Related to Violence
Review of the Literature of this Study
Summary of Literature
III. Methodology
Population and Sampling
Gathering of Data
Instruments to be Used in the Gathering of Data
Data Analysis
Statement of Consent of Permission
Recommendations
Appendixes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"AADAC reports in Developments Vol. 18 Issue 9 Cocaine that: "Over the last 10 years, AADAC has seen a gradual, steady rise in the proportion of clients who name cocaine as their primary drug of concern. In 1997-98, over 3,600 AADAC clients (11.1%) said cocaine was the drug they used most frequently during the previous year." (Developments, 1999) The AADAC reports that: "Cocaine is a fast-acting drug with effects of short duration. It has a half-time for elimination of about one hour (the body has lost half of it an hour after administration). While most drugs are broken down by the liver, cocaine is broken down in the blood. Breakdown by the liver happens gradually: only about 15% of the blood passes through the liver each time the heart beats, thus the remainder of the blood still carries the unmetabolized drug. In contrast, breakdown in the blood happens constantly. This means that cocaine is quickly converted to an inactive form." (Developments, 1999)"
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Employee Motivation, 2007.
This paper provides a research proposal for the motivation of employees.
1,688 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies ways of motivating Circuit City sales employees. The goal of the proposed study is to attempt to motivate employees to increase sales in each of the city's five Circuit City stores through offering sales personnel in each of those stores, gift card incentives for reaching certain sales goals. The writer notes that the hypothesis for the study is that, during the month that the gift card bonus incentive program is in place, within the five target Circuit City stores city-wide, sales per employee, and overall sales per store, will increase as a result of these incentives.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Study Subjects
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Research Methods
References
From the Paper
"No magic formula exists, anywhere, for motivating employees, but when employees feel unmotivated, not only morale, but business itself suffers. Industrial psychologists might argue that secret(s) to motivating employees lie, in knowing and understanding what makes individual employees tick: what their interests, values, hobbies, and goals are; what they like to do outside work, what they enjoy most (or least) about their jobs, etc., as well as how employees work well together."
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Forecasting of an Application, 2007.
This paper discusses different types of forecasting used within an organization to obtain the very best chance of creating an accurate forecast for application purposes.
1,852 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first discusses what is meant by the 'forecasting' of an application. The writer then examines how useful this is today. Further, the writer discusses which are the organizations that use the method of forecasting in their applications and looks at the more popular methods of forecasting today. In this paper, the writer discusses linear regression,the Delphi Forecasting method, technological forecasting and the time series forecasting method. The writer notes that exponential smoothing is one of the best forecasting methods used today, perhaps because of its innate simplicity and lack of complexity.
From the Paper
"Linear regression is the method wherein a straight line is calculated with a simple method, while in the exponential function, an increasing or a decreasing curve is used. Some of the 'smoothing' methods are the 'moving average' and the 'double moving average'. While the moving average method attempts to smooth out past data by averaging the past periods and using that data to project the view forwards, the 'double moving average' uses the moving average calculations twice. The seasonal method uses past data again, but in a deseasonalized version, and this data is used to apply seasonal effects on the forecasting. Winter's additive and the winter's multiplicative are the two methods of seasonal smoothing methods."
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Foreign Automobile Purchases in U.S. Market, 2007.
An analysis of consumer buying preferences toward foreign automobiles in the American market.
4,903 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 124.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research proposal is to provide the justification for a research study into consumer buying patterns in the automobile industry. Specifically, the researcher is concerned with assessing recent trends in the automobile industry to decide what if any factors have contributed to consumers' recent preferences for foreign vs. domestic automobiles. Further, the intent of this research is to provide a frame of reference for U.S. domestic automobile manufacturers looking to boost their sales and re-establish their reputation in the automobile industry.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Background/Context to the Problem
Problem Statement
Research Questions/Hypothesis and Sub Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter 1 - Introduction and Preliminary Review of the Literature
Chapter 2 - Meta Analysis of Studies On Automobile Industry From 1990 through the Present
Chapter 3 - Theories of Consumer Buying Trends
Chapter 4 - Methodology
Chapter 5 - Results
Chapter 6 - Discussion
Chapter 7 - Conclusions
Results/Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"General Motors recently announced a restructuring plan that will continue through the year 2008, questioning the long-term health of the domestic auto-manufacturing industry (PG Publishing, 2006). While the overall number of jobs available in the auto industry has remained relatively stable during the last decade, severe cuts have been made among domestic manufacturers as hiring has increased among foreign manufacturers (PG Publishing, 2006)."
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Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 2007.
A comprehensive comparison of quantitative vs. qualitative research techniques.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper examines and compares quantitative and qualitative research techniques. The researcher weighs the relative merits and demerits of each, providing interpretation of the potential applications of qualitative and quantitative research to various fields of study. The paper concludes that researchers will have to decide on their approach, meaning whether they prefer to observe data in a naturalistic manner and derive theory from data, or whether they prefer to test a given hypothesis, to assume a qualitative or quantitative position.
From the Paper
"It is vital when noting the legitimacy of qualitative data that one explore the potential problems associated with the validity of quantitative data. Neither qualitative nor quantitative techniques are free from issues regarding reliability and credibility. It is important that researchers acknowledge the potential for variances even when using experimental methods. At best to provide support for qualitative research, researchers should consider using multiple methods approaches, often referred to as "triangulation" or mixed method approaches, to help confirm the reliability and validity of the research data collected (Benz & Newman, 1998)."
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Methodology: Managing Diversity, 2007.
This paper examines the different approaches of the qualitative and quantitative research methods.
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that within the field of research there are multiple approaches to gathering primary data. It is noted that an ongoing debate exists with respect to the validity and usefulness of qualitative approaches vs. data gathered from quantitative approaches. This paper analyzes and weighs the particular merits and demerits of both forms of review, so the researcher may conclude whether qualitative or quantitative approaches are best suited toward analyzing phenomena related to diversity in the workplace and global organization or environment. The researcher in this study provides information that can be agreed on and generalized to some extent to the population at large. The writer implies that while initially this might suggest use of quantitative approaches, more and more researchers are discovering that qualitative approaches are equally valid for providing information that is generalized to the population.
Outline
Methodology: Managing Diversity
Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Analysis
Triangulation Research Method/Pros Cons/Usefulness in Area
Managing Diversity: Survey Instrument and Research Design
Data Analysis and Interpretation
Implications of Study
Anticipated Results
References
From the Paper
"Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are grounded in philosophy, including naturalistic and positive approaches to theory. It is important that the researcher determine the focus and intent of the study prior to selecting a research methodology. If the intent of the researcher for example is to assume a given phenomena is valid or make a hypothesis and then test that hypothesis, then likely a quantitative research method is best as the intent of quantitative approaches is to determine specific cause and effect relationships among various variables."
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Educational Research, 2007.
An analysis and comparison of three approaches to educational research.
3,495 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the varying opinions of the most effective methodology for educational research. The paper defines and compares the qualitative and the quantitative methodology approaches and then discusses a newer, third approach to educational research; that of triangulation or mixed methodology, where both qualitative and quantitative research is used. The paper discusses the advantages of each approach and the controversy surrounding them.
From the Paper
"Cohen and Manion (ibid) say that triangulation techniques are appropriate when a more holistic view of educational outcomes is desired. For example, if a researcher conducts a large-scale study of inner-city schools over a period of several years with a number of different measurements and variables. Triangulations also play an important role when a complicated phenomenon requires explanation, such as a study of formal and informal classrooms with varying philosophies and objectives. This multimethod approach is helpful in addition when different methods of teaching are to be compared and evaluated, when a controversial aspect of education needs to be more fully evaluated, or in the situation of case studies."
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Media and Adolescent Viewers, 2006.
A research proposal of the effects of the media on adolescent viewers.
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This research study analyzes the effects of media on adolescent viewers. In particular the research attempts to determine what, if any, forms of censorship may be necessary to limit adolescent access to overtly violent or sexual media images. It also discusses what psychological and physical effects such images have on adolescent viewers, both in the short term and the long term.
Table of Contents:
Synopsis
Research Goals & Methods
Discussion
Overview of Major Issues
Literature and Historical Evidence
Sexual Harassment and Media
Violence and Media
Mass Media and Sexuality
Summary of Report
From the Paper
"Cognitive social learning theory suggests that adolescents viewing negative, violent or overtly sexual behaviors in the media will mimic them when other more appropriate models are not available (Brown, 2002). Modeling also occurs when the model "is perceived as attractive" or when serving some functional values (Brown, 2002). If children are spending so much time in front of mass media images it is likely they will begin to form their own conclusions about what is and what is not appropriate."
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