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Transformational Leadership and Research Methods, 2008.
This paper looks at the notion of transformational leadership and discusses the best method to measure its effects.
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first defines the concept of transformational leadership and then discusses the the best approach for studying transformational leadership. The writer notes that while management scholars may disagree on the exact definition of transformational leadership, and what exactly it means to be a transformational leader, there does appear to be some consensus that transformational leading involves bringing an organization to a higher level of performance by selling a vision that appeals to organizational and staff values. In order to truly appreciate the effect of transformational leadership, the writer studies the question of how best to measure the effects of transformational leadership. In conclusion, the writer maintains that studying transformational leadership does not have to involve choosing between a case study or quantitative approach. Offering a thorough analysis of the components of transformational leadership and their effect on the workplace may necessitate using what is best about both methods.
Outline:
Defining Transformational Leadership
Case Studies
Quantitative Studies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Building on Weber's theory, Burns developed a concept based on transactional and transformational leaders. Transactional leaders, like Weber's bureaucrats, see loyalty as something that is acquired through a transaction. For example, an organization's employees become loyal in exchange for salaries and benefits. The transformational leader, similar to Weber's charismatic leader, develops loyalty by seeking out the followers' needs, engaging them, and motivating the followers toward a higher purpose. While Burns acknowledged that people in power can be moral and amoral, he believed a leader must necessarily be moral in order to be considered transformational. Burns considered leaders such as John Kennedy, Martin Luther and Mao Tse Tung to be transformational leaders, because people followed these leaders based on their charisma, vision and sense of moral purpose."
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Modern Relationship, 2008.
A discussion on research done on various aspects of modern relationships.
2,343 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 63 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses friendship and love relationships and explains that both are often termed close or intimate relationships. The paper then explains that there are different types and forms of these close relationships and proceeds with a discussion on the range of these relationships, their differences, types, and intensity. Next, the paper follows with a discussion on a resource article entitled, "Close Emotional Relationships with Women versus Men: A Qualitative Study of 56 Heterosexual Men Living in an Inner-City Neighborhood" by Wagner-Raphael, Lynne I. Seal, David Wyatt, and Anke A. Ehrhardt. A copy of the source article is appended to the paper.
Outline:
Friendship
Love
Analysis of Resource Article
Overview
Questions and Answers
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Transcribed elicitation interviews were analyzed for themes related to relationship issues among men and according to the central elements of the primary hypothesis. In this process, the principles of Grounded Theory Analysis were utilized. Primary coding categories were used in the analysis of the interview transcripts, as well as the identification of a range of significant themes. These were then organized into a formal codebook. The coding of the transcripts also led to new themes and modifications were made to the findings on this basis, where it was deemed to be appropriate."
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Research in Motion Strategic Planning, 2008.
A discussion of the types of research needed in strategic market planning, and a case study of a bakery in Vancouver.
1,390 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and defines secondary and primary research use in research in motion (RIM), and their importance in marketing research and planning strategies. The writer explains that secondary research is highly effective with time constraints, cost constraints, and the needs for unbiased measures of performance to benchmark the performance of one company against another. Primary research, which includes the need for validating branding, market positioning, and pricing and quality perceptions, is critical for minimizing the risk of launching a new store concept, such as the bakery in Vancouver which is the object of this paper's case study. The writer concludes that the use of demographic data is essential for finding potential locations for the proposed store since there are significant opportunities for ethnically-oriented businesses in Vancouver. This paper includes figures.
Outline
Secondary Research Use for Research in Motion Strategic Planning
Primary Research: Vancouver, BC Bakery and Party Shop Analysis
Specific Detail on the Vancouver, BC Bakery and Party Shop Analysis
From the Paper
"In the development of a new business, it is critical to understand the customers' preferences, needs, wants, in addition to their perception of the proposed new business and its potential value to them as consumers. In short, primary research is critical for finding out just what is the most important to new prospects for a new business that defies any previous traditional categories. In the development of a business plan and the eventual launch of a bakery and party shop in Vancouver, British Columbia, the proposed bakery and store needs to create its own highly unique, highly differentiated position in the local marketplace."
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Qualitative Research Methods, 2008.
This paper explores the criteria of reliability and validity in qualitative research and specifically in the field of human relations.
1,799 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the criteria of reliability and validity and explains why qualitative research makes it difficult to determine reliability and validity in very specific terms. The paper addresses the problems of subjectivity and standards set for the study. The paper concludes that the qualitative researcher needs to have the creative ability to describe the study of humanity in such a way that satisfies both the requirements of the study itself, as well as the requirements of validity and reliability in the academic world.
Outline:
Reliability
Validity
Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research
From the Paper
"When conducting research, it is important to consider a number of elements. In order to be accepted in the academic world, for example, certain criteria need to be met. Two very important elements in these criteria of acceptability include reliability and validity of the research methods. It is also important to note that reliability and validity issues do not manifest themselves in the same way in different types of research. Quantitive research would for example have different criteria of measurement than qualitative research methods, and would therefore also rely on different measures of reliability and validity. Because Human Relations is an aspect of the Humanities rather than a more specific science such as Statistics, it may be more complicated to determine the reliability and validity of the research methods used."
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Classical Experimental Design, 2008.
This paper presents a case study of research done using the classical experimental design.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the concept of classical experimental design through a case sample of market research done through this research design. The paper outlines the methods of surveys, experiments and focus groups that can be used in the case study.
From the Paper
"There are two forms of research available in conducting any type of study through the classical experimental design. Secondary research involves using research that has already done by someone else. An example of secondary research used in the case sample market study focusing on consumer trends (hereinafter, "case study") is using information and statistics compiled by the government in terms of various populations. (Girden, 2001, p. 202). However, because secondary information only offers general conclusions, it is not specific enough to satisfy a study's needs for learning the effect that advertisement has on the purchase motive of consumers. Thus, according to the classic experimental design, original, or primary research, must also be conducted."
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Ethics in Research Design, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of ethics in the research design process.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ethics in research design procedures that includes the need for the researcher to inform the participants with reference to their rights regarding recording statements and footage, the need for permission to use children or adolescents and the need for a consent that is purely voluntary. The paper relates that the researcher must practice open communication and must take care that the reporting is accurate. The paper also looks at how many professional associations, government agencies, and universities have developed specific codes, rules and policies relating to research ethics.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the phase of research design, it is important to develop a social relationship with the participants, and it is the responsibility of the researcher to ensure the existence of good communication and mutual trust between both the sides. According to Deborah (2001), 'it is important to realize that central principle of ethical research is that of informed consent' (pp. 78) ; Informed consent can be interpreted as, participants have voluntarily agreed to be part of the research, and have understood what they are agreeing to, furthermore they must be informed of the purposes of the research, David (2006) has questioned that 'why it is being undertaken, and the institution which is overseeing it' (pp. 87)."
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E-Community, 2008.
An analysis of the results of a survey designed to test a statement about the effects of an e-community on its members.
1,585 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that research upholds the hypothesis that when an e-community consists of positive components, then the impact this virtual community wields upon its members will consequently prove to be positive. The author reviews questions relating to the definition and characteristics of an e-community, virtual community versus a "real" community and the dangers and miscommunications of these virtual communities. These results of specific questions are discussed in association with the literature. Recommendations for future research are included.
Table of Contents:
Conclusion and Recommendation
Recommendations (for Further Consideration)
From the Paper
"Answers to survey question number 11 particularly contribute to the validation of this study's hypothesis. Each of the answers given by the 20 participants indicates their experience to be more positive than negative. Responses to the question: What benefits do you obtain from being a member of your e-community? This researcher notes that an e-community members' interactions with other members and their communities to rival interactions in "real" communities. These e-community members mutually interact as friends in fun-related ways to request help, obtain information/skills, communicate/network."
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), 2008.
Presents a research proposal to measure the dynamics of how radio frequency identification (RFID) implementations impact the ability of companies to compete with streamlined supply chains.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 24 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on how the emerging technology of radio frequency identification (RFID) can make a lasting and significant contribution to supply chain performance. Any study of supply chains also needs to include an assessment of how processes can be made more efficient as well. As a result of this requirement of the study of supply chains, an overview of the concepts of business process management (BPM) is also included. BPM makes it possible to streamline supply chains and make them more efficient. The paper includes numerous tables and figures.
Table of Contents:
Table of Tables
Table of Figures
Introduction
Literature Survey
Types of RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
Active Backscatter Tags
Passive Backscatter Tags
Table: The Benefits of RFID Benefits for Supply Chain Partners
Table: Comparing Bar Coding and RFID Technologies
Using RFID to Track Shipments and see how Supply Chains are Performing
Figure: How the DoD is reorganizing its Supply Chain with RFID
Figure: How the DoD made their supply chain more process-based
How the DoD and Wal-Mart Measure Their Supply Chain's Performance
Table: How Market Leaders Measure Supply Chain Performance
Table: Financial Measures of Supply Chain Performance
Figure: How RFID can contribute to total shareholder value
Research Problem Definition for measuring the impact of RFID on Supply Chain Performance
Introducing the RFID Maturity Model
Hypothesis Definition
Figure 4: Proposed RFID Maturity Model
Research Design and Methodology
Supply Chain Research Anticipated Findings
Expected Conclusions
Contributions of Knowledge
Research Limitations
Summary of Proposal
From the Paper
"The DoD, Wal-Mart and many other organizations attaining high levels of supply chain performance as a result of implementing RFID share the common characteristic of measuring results early and often. In fact their entire company cultures are centered on measuring performance, as is the case with General Electric (GE). What's been happening in many of these organizations is the decision to use supply chain-based measures of performance or metrics to quantify the contribution of RFID to their organizations."
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The Issues of Data in Business Research, 2008.
An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of primary and secondary business research.
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses primary and secondary forms of business research. The paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the primary and secondary research with respect to ascertaining how online consumers grant and keep trust in e-tailers. It then looks at the role of organizational climate on information technology (IT) professionals' ethics, job performance and longevity with an organization.
Table of Contents:
Synopsis
Selection of Hypotheses and Research Strategies
Creating Research Plans That Lead To Action
Summary
From the Paper
"In the research studies analyzed for this paper, there are strengths of research design that execute secondary data analysis exceptionally well, as is certainly the case with (Krishnamurthy, 1, 2, 3). Yet both studies' designs reflect a highly myopic focus on the variables, driven to that level of internal focus through a poor selection of hypotheses. Most critical to these studies is the need to evaluate the issue of online trust of e-tailers and the trust of IT professionals in their organizations, yet there is no external ranking, not external evaluation of the points of analysis, only the testing of e-tailing strategies and the measure of organizational commitment on the other. To be fully effective, research for business needs to have more of a broader focus on hypothesis formation and resulting variable definition and research design to take into account the frameworks respondents are using to, in these cases, impart trust to online retailers as customers, and to organizations as IT professionals."
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Business Research, 2008.
Explores the issue of believability in business research.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that believability in research for business has become both easier and more difficult as a result of the Internet. While many sources are more easily accessible, the fact that Internet publication has become widely accessible to the public often makes it difficult to find serious, valid research resources. The author relates that research itself is focused upon studying questions and uncertainties rather than answers; therefore, the question is rather appropriateness than truth. The paper stresses that an important point to consider in terms of currency is that the business world as well as management theory is changing rapidly.
From the Paper
"Other researchers suggest factors such as quality assessment metrics. These can be divided into three categories: content-based, context-based, and rating-based metrics. For content-based metrics, information is measured against a set of generally accepted criteria for that information. A research article on a certain topic for example would then be measured against the existing and accepted criteria for that article. Peer-reviewed articles fall into this category. Context-based metrics use meta-information to make its assessments of validity."
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The Homosexual Community, 2008.
Presents a research proposal to compare the attitudes and perceptions of older and younger members of the homosexual community.
4,370 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to compare points of view of the current generation of homosexuals and lesbians with those of the older generation to see what the different concerns may be and to consider why these changes have come to pass. The paper makes the assumption that the position of gays in American society has changed over the last three decades or so and that much of the militancy in the gay community has been successful enough to achieve greater acceptance, a reduction in discrimination (at least in most communities), and that the concerns that come to the fore today are different from those that were given most emphasis in the same community in the past.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Problem and Its Components
Introduction
Problem Background
Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Review of Literature
Methodology
Procedures
Data Processing and Analysis
From the Paper
"One of the major changes for the younger generation over the generation from the 1960s and 1970s is the spread of AIDS. In many cases, AIDS serves as an impetus and rationale for controlling marginal groups and dangerous behaviors and provides society with the opportunity to expand and rationalize control over a broad range of psychological phenomena and interpersonal behaviors. Social control today involves dispersed centers and agents of surveillance and discipline throughout the whole community (as occurs with workplace drug testing)."
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Surveillance in Saudi Arabia, 2008.
A proposed study to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices of Ministry of Health physicians toward surveillance systems in Saudi Arabia.
746 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper proposes a study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of MOH physicians toward the surveillance system in Saudi Arabia. The paper relates that the study will also identify the needs of physicians to provide improved public health surveillance in Saudi Arabia.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Background to Study
Limitations of the Study
Results
From the Paper
"Surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data in the process of describing and monitoring a health event (Jajosky & Groseclose, 2004). The information is used for planning, implementing and evaluating public health intervention programs (Waife & Davenhall, 2005). An epidemiological surveillance system is a set of interrelated elements and activities which contributes to the achievement of surveillance objectives. It is usually well-known as a central part of a health care system in order to monitor priority health events which are known to be taking place in the population (World Health Organization, 1998)."
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Oral History and Historiography, 2008.
A research study that provides insight as to the development of the oral history of the September 11, 2001 bombings.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
Academic perspectives on how we view oral history changed drastically after the advent of recording devices, the television, and movie cameras. It is much easier to reconstruct history accurately using pictures, rather than line drawings or descriptions. This research explores the hypothesis that oral history needs to be given greater historical credibility than it currently receives. The paper stresses the value of oral history as a key to getting the "big picture" surrounding an event. The literature review for this study examines journal articles that relate the events of September 11, 2001 from a number of political and social perspectives. The paper explains that its purpose is not to draw a consensus of the events, but rather to examine the effects of attitude and perspective on what will become the eventual "oral history" of this period in time.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thesis
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The inclusion or omission of personal accounts into the historical record depends on the type of work that one wishes to produce. It is certainly easy to argue against their inclusion if one if looking for indisputable accuracy. However, this level of certainty of events is a fallacy from an academic perspective. Secondary historical accounts are often the "average" of the information that is available regarding a certain event. However, this does not necessarily make it accurate. History is influenced by many sociological, political and psychological forces surrounding it."
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Experimentation Critique, 2008.
A discussion of a critique on the article, "A Study in Sexual Health Applying the Principle of Community-based Participatory Research" by Reece and Dodgand.
1,094 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the purpose of the research report is to inform readers about the problem investigated, the methods used to solve it, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions reached. The paper presents an analysis and critique of research information reported in an article, " A Study in Sexual Health Applying the Principle of Community-based Participatory Research" with respect to a description of the independent and dependent variables examined, sampling methodology employed by the research investigators, and the reliability and validity of their study. The paper states further that the purpose of the research report is to inform readers about the problem investigated, the methods used to solve the problem, the results of the investigation, and the conclusions inferred from the result.
From the Paper
"Although sampling for exploratory research and sampling for experimental research have some common shared elements, Isreal, Schultz, Becker and Parker (1998) used, and appropriately so, a sampling method known as convenience sampling. Notably, convenience sampling was employed by Reece and Morgan (2004) in order to retrieve information that approximated the "truth" with respect to campus cruising by males. As the name implies the sample of men selected by Reece and Morgan was so selected because of convenience, namely, two men who had a reputation of engaging in cruising activities on campus. However, Reece and Dodge would have been more convincing had they expanded their subject base to the size of possibly 20 or 25 participants. Not unlike any research method the size of the sample has important ramifications. Often times a too small sample becomes opinionating rather than an opinion."
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Chili's Restaurant, 2008.
Presents a customer satisfaction research project conducted for Chili's Restaurant.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a research technique, which was used by a Chili's restaurant to seek more detailed information to determine its main customer service problems. The paper first explains that the methodology used was a mixed-method style of both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The paper then relates that the most common problems were identified as slow service, food arriving cold and unfriendly and not helpful waiters and waitresses. The paper includes the questions and the data analysis.
Table of Contents:
Research Design
Methodology
Results and Analysis
From the Paper
"While the smoking ban significantly lowered the number of customers coming into the restaurant, many smokers apparently still come to Chili's. This indicates that the smoking availability was not the only reason that these people went to the restaurant. However, the service and the atmosphere seem to be the largest concerns, as they were cited as the biggest problems among those that said they would not return. These are, therefore, the areas that management must focus on if they wish to retain the customers that they have and begin to build up a larger customer base yet again."
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Methodology, 2008.
An analysis of the principle methods employed in the research of a particular subject.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses "methodology" and presents an example of a methodology section for the purpose of research. The paper explores the different areas of methodology including population, data collection, dependent and independent variables and assumptions.
Outline:
Introduction
Setting
Population
Sample
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Procedures to Conduct the Study
Data Collection Procedures
Null and Alternate Hypothesis
Assumptions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The data collection procedures will involve the reporting and collection of the scores that each student in the study achieves on the final examination at semester's end. In the group in which the traditional classroom setting will occur the test will be provided and administered in the classroom during regular classroom hours. The group that is instructed online will be asked to come into the high school on a designated day and time to take their final semester exam. This is to insure that the participants actually take the test and do not have someone take it for them. In addition it insures the students cannot look things up on the Internet to find the answers as they are taking the test, which is something they could do if they were at home taking the test."
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Insulin Therapy Research, 2008.
A critical review of the article "Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients" by Van de Berghe et al.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients" wherein a group of critically ill patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to determine if normal blood glucose levels would improve the prognosis by use of insulin therapy. The paper focuses on the research's substantive qualities, design qualities and quality of presentation and writing. The paper includes the article as an appendix to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Substantive Qualities
Study Design Qualities
From the Paper
"Fairly critiquing an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn."
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Qualitative Research, 2008.
A review and comparison of the various qualitative methods of research and their mode of application.
1,196 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper defines "qualitative research" and states that qualitative research methods were developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena. The paper gives examples of qualitative methods and states that the data is usually obtained via interviews and questionnaires etc. The paper explains the differences between qualitative analysis and quantitative inquiry and does a comparison between them. The paper concludes that the varying methods of research have differing degrees of viability and value for the researcher.
From the Paper
" A qualitative method that is more concerned with the larger context is the ethnographic method. This method attempts to view the individual within the context of the whole social and cultural environment. Ethnography research initially originated from social and cultural anthropology. Ethnographers usually spend a great amount of time in the field and "... immerse themselves in the lives of the people they study and seek to place the phenomena studied in their social and cultural context" (Myers M. D.). Ethnography is also described as a method of qualitative analysis "... whereby multiple perspectives can be incorporated..." into the design of any analysis. (Myers M. D.) In essence this method begins with the study of culture rather than the individual."
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Extinction, 2008.
An examination of extinction and its relation to the total ecosystem.
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that fact that the ability of a species to survive the extinction of another, depends on its ability to adapt. The paper continues and states that omnivores fair better than those with a limited range of food because if a single food source disappears from the environment, it can more easily find another suitable food source. More highly specialized members of the ecosystem will not be able to substitute food as those that can eat a variety of food. The paper details that the extinction of a single food species will quickly follow the elimination of their major food source. The paper supports the thesis that non-random species loss will have a more devastating effect on the community and than random species loss.
Outline:
Research Methods and Extinction
The Example of Plants and Avian Species
Conclusions
From the Paper
" In order to understand the extent and severity of the current crisis that we are facing regarding the rapid decline in bird species, we must look to past extinction events. Geochemical analysis is often used in conjunction with paleontological data in order to examine past extinctions more closely (Martin, 2007). Fossil evidence analyzed in this manner demonstrates that increasing oxygen levels increases the number of species as well. As oxygen levels decrease, the number of species in the fossil record decreases as well."
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