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"Hitler's Pope", 2008.
A review of John Cornwall's "Hitler's Pope", an attempt to expose the truth of the Vatican's role in Hitler's Final Solution.
901 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Cornwall's research that discovered how the actions of specific men in the Vatican, most notably Pope Pius XII, actually enabled the tragedy of the Holocaust to occur. The paper emphasizes the assertion that Pope Pius XII was blinded from the moral duties of the Church he was sworn to defend. The paper is of the opinion that this book is an important reminder of how the Pope and so many other moral and political leaders remained impassive in the face of the horror that was the Holocaust.
From the Paper
"John Cornwall's book entitled Hitler's Pope has a deliberately inflammatory title. Cornwall attempts to expose what he sees as the truth of the Vatican's role in Hitler's Final Solution. He does not believe that the doctrine of the Catholic Church itself supported Hitler's actions in the sense that anything about the true Christian or Catholic spirit could conceivably support the Nazi party's coming to power. He also acknowledges that many individual Catholics worked to thwart Hitler's rise. But Cornwall was moved to research the role of Pope Pious XII, troubled by long-standing allegations that through the Church's institutionalized silence during the war it was complacent in the horror that occurred--and he was horrified by what he discovered."
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Authority of God, 2008.
This paper discusses whether God has authority over Christians.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Christians work hard to be what God wants his children to be. The writer notes that the hard work is very rewarding for Christians, as they work everyday to defeat evil and temptation in their lives. The writer also notes that the world today is complicated and can make being a Christian difficult, as the world is filled with worldly sins that a person can turn away from, but only if one is strong enough to do so. The writer concludes that God's purpose is to have everyone turn to him and become children of God to create a peaceful and happy place where everyone can live happily.
Outline:
Instructions Included
Christian Families
God's Purpose
From the Paper
"God planned for the unity of two people, and God planned on couples having children. God's plan was to have a world that could be lived in harmony and without sin. Unfortunately sin became a part of our lives as early as the first people that God created. When people today struggle to become a Christian, they may find that it is a hard choice to live by with all the sin that is in the world. It's very difficult to stay faithful to God without being tempted. God's word is also his will. He wants his children to know that he loves them all, no matter what faults or imperfections they may have. He accepts them as they are.
"God also accepts those who were once Christians but have lost their will to continue as Christians. After a while they may have changed their minds and want to come back to God. He always accepts his children back when they repent and humble themselves to him. No one is perfect and God knows that, because he made everyone."
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Women and Religion, 2008.
Looks at the position of women in the various world religions based on a collection of readings from "World Religions" by editors Arvind Sharma and Katherine K. Young.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Hindu inclusion of the feminist reform and succession translates into modern philosophical objectives common to the feminism approach; whereas, women of the Buddhist faith are often subjected to restrictions. The author points out that Jewish and Christian feminists have worked to obtain equality in the obtaining of religious education methods and tools, which has modified their restrictive traditions. The paper points out that the Islamic religion is the most oppressive religion in terms of women's rights and the feminist movement in general. Islamic women are most often treated as outsiders to the religion.
Table of Contents:
Hinduism and Buddhism's Feminist Theories and Thoughts
The Value of Confucianism and Taoism's Feminist Contributions
Judaism and Christianity
The Islamic Religion
From the Paper
"Taoism's feminist contributions to the overarching conceptual discernment of a religion in tradition lay broad for several reasons. In particular, the female has long since been accounted equally through the religious and sociological aspects of Taoism, which has caused the mirrored development of feminism outward to the inwards of basis for other derivations of religions. Gender equality has existed in Taoism since its earliest years through the non-restrictive availability and opportunity for attaining spiritual enlightenment, growth and dissection."
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"The Epic of Gilgamesh" and "Genesis", 2008.
A comparative analysis of the flood myth in two ancient writings, "The Epic of Gilgamesh" and "Genesis".
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the differences and similarities between "The Epic of Gilgamesh", one of the oldest recorded writings from Sumerian or Babylonian mythology, with "Genesis" from the Judeo-Christian Bible. The paper argues that one of the main differences between the epic and "Genesis", is the Babylonian view that the gods are dangerous for mortals, and that their laws are irrational and cannot be predicted by the human mind. For Judaism and Christianity, on the other hand, God is the bearer of righteousness and a symbol of justice and everything that is morally virtuous. Nonetheless, the paper holds that there is a striking resemblance between the two accounts. The paper attempts to provide evidence sustaining the claim that the Mesopotamian account of the great flood is highly relevant to Christianity. It concludes that the myth of the flood is valid and incorporated in Judaism and Christianity and also in the collective conscience of the peoples who did not follow Yahweh.
From the Paper
"The Judaic-Christian and the Mesopotamian systems of belief are in clear opposition. Christianity and Judaism praise respect and obedience for the divinity as evidence of God's greatness and moral righteousness. God is the central figure of the faith system because He represents all that is good and right thus humanity must obey Him; here obedience is understood as a definite obligation. On the other hand, for Mesopotamians, respect and piety are the result of humanity's acknowledgement that it is both mortal and weaker than the gods. In this sense, the two virtues are not moral obligations, but a practical attitude which serves as an acknowledgement of the superiority of nature in terms of its power over humans."
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The Pentecost, 2008.
This paper discusses who Jesus was, as a historical and religious figure, and the Pentecost, the final act in the story of Jesus.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The question of "who was Jesus" is a question that is both straight forward and at the same time ambiguous. On the one hand, everybody knows who Jesus was. Simply, he is whom Christians believe to be the Son of God. On the other hand, knowing who Jesus is beyond this basic understanding is dependent on who one is asking, as Jesus is something different to every person, including between Christians. At the same time, there is the question between who Jesus was as a historical figure and who Jesus is as a religious figure, which is the main focus of this paper. Furthermore this paper asserts that the only reason that Jesus is Jesus is because of the Pentecost.
From the Paper
"According to Johnson, Jesus has become the reason for our patriarchy in society and church and the masculine metaphors used to describe God. However, this is not who Jesus was. It is who he became as a necessity to developing a legitimate Christianity. As at the time of Jesus' death, society (much as it is today) was a masculine society. Jesus' feminine preaching went against this societal way of thinking. It would be impossible for the Apostles to 'sell' Jesus to a following if he was presented in a feminine light. Instead, as a necessity, the Apostles had to frame Jesus to fit into the masculine framework of society. As a result, much of who Jesus was was lost."
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Catholic Theology, 2008.
A discussion of the central points in Catholic theology.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of some of the main precepts in Catholic theology. It begins by discussing the relationship between God and man. It then addresses the gravity of committing sins against God. Next, the paper discusses the incarnation of Jesus Christ and the importance for Christians to be prepared to receive Christ as their savior. Finally, the paper concludes by addressing the issue of Christian atonement and reconciliation with God.
Outline:
God and Man
Sin
The Preparation for Christ
The Incarnation
The Atonement
From the Paper
"There are different types of sin but the sin against God is a sin that breaks the bond between God and man. Sinning against God will cause us to fall from grace and lose our eternal life and salvation. We mean by sin whatever is contrary to God's holy will, and we cannot think that God is the source of what is contrary to his own will. We find the root of sin in the misuse by man of the free will that is his noblest power, and we cannot think that it is God who has disposed us to turn his own best gift against him. But Christ came into the world to save sinners, and to save them out of the midst of their sin; and this can be expressed even in such a statement as the following: 'our fellowship with God rests for us on the basis not of holiness but of sin. It is important to live away from sin and strive for holiness, which Pomazansky defines as: "Holiness consists not only in the absence of evil or sin: holiness is the presence of higher spiritual values, joined to purity from sin. Holiness is like the light, and the holiness of God is like the purest light. God is the "one alone holy" by nature."
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The Life, Events, and Beliefs of Mohammad, 2008.
A discussion of Mohammad's life and beliefs.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper is a biographical overview of Muhammad, the founder of Islam. It begins with his birth, family and upbringing as a sheepherder. It covers his calling as a spiritual leader, his struggle against the dominant society, and the roots of the religion he founded. Finally, the paper criticizes some of the recent reinterpretations of Muhammad's teachings used to justify militant political motivations, such as in the case of Ayatollah Khomeini and Osama bin Laden.
From the Paper
"In time, Muhammad had developed a reputation for "honesty and trustworthiness" (Emerick 186) and moreover, he never developed a taste for "idol worship," which many during that time believed in. On pages 270-271, Emerick takes readers through Muhammad's early life, pointing out that his grandfather died a couple years after Muhammad's mother had died, and at that point he was given over to his grandfather's son Abu Talib. The young Muhammad thus had been orphaned three times by the time he was 10 years old (Emerick 271). And as was noted, Muhammad was raised a sheepherder; other boys his age grew up drinking, fighting, and paying visits to prostitutes."
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Life after Death, 2008.
Looks at various documentations of life after death.
1,245 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the existence of life after death. One of the primary sources is Raymond Moody's book "Life after Life", which describes people who have Near Death Experiences (NDE's) and have survived to tell about them. The author relates that, for centuries, many individuals have experienced spiritual events throughout their lives. The paper relates that, for most religious people, including the author, the Bible and other scriptures are the final word on what they believe.
From the Paper
"Moody became known as the de facto expert on NDE's and his subsequent writings on the subject were greatly anticipated. One of his next books seemed to totally denigrate his earlier efforts and musings on life after life. One critic wrote, "By reducing the NDEs experience to a big joke, Moody in effect retracts the significance of the book that made him wealthy and gets the last laugh on the reader who buys his latest book expecting to see a serious philosophical analysis of NDEs." Does this mean that Moody completely changed his own viewpoint on life after death?'
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Women and Christianity, 2008.
This paper discusses the role of women within the Christian religion.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Christianity developed, around the 1st century AD as a sect of Judaism, a faith that set women apart through the development of strict laws about gender roles. The writer maintains that these gender roles determined a subset of standards that were in many ways exclusionary of women. Though the faith spoke of the equality of men and women the woman's vocation as the mother limited in many ways her involvement in the faith and separated her from her male partner to some degree as women have inextricable different religious duties and life roles. The writer concludes that history gives proof to the idea that Christianity and the exclusion of women was an act of man, not of true doctrine or even the nature of the faith.
From the Paper
"The value of this stand is eternal, as it is clear that in a patriarchal society, and in a patriarchal faith, such as Christianity the foundations could still be solid but must be weeded out from the traditional values that deem women inferior and even moronic through the lack of her voice at their inception.
"Christianity, today has answered this call to varying degrees in different schools of the faith and in at least some areas has asked that women be allowed to give to the faith a perception that is more reflective of the modern role of women. Though there are still many "Christian" faiths that exclude women from the most revered roles of the tradition, such as the priesthood there are many more that have challenged this stricture either through allowance of women into the priesthood or by the establishment of an "equal" role through practical rather than dogmatic demonstrations. Rodgers points out that the allowance of women into the priesthood is still an exception rather than a rule, and the that the Roman Catholic faith has been particularly resistant to the move to allow women into their priesthood, change is still occurring and in meaningful ways in large mainline Christian faiths."
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The Hijab, 2008.
An examination of controversy surrounding the hijab in Islam.
1,497 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversy surrounding the practice among Muslims known as 'hijab', which is a practice that is based on religious doctrine. The paper notes that some believe that the wearing of the veil secures personal liberty in a world that typically objectifies women and others argue that hijab allows women freedom in movement and control over their own bodies.
Outline:
Introduction
Hijab Religious Doctrine
Women in Islam - Islam for Today
Modesty for Men and Women
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Women in Islam: Hijab" relates that Hijab means "...a veil, curtain, partition, or separation. In a meta-physical sense, Hijab means illusion or refers to the illusory aspect of creation." (Syed, 2001) Hijab means to "cover, drape, or partition" (Syed, 2001) however, it is important to understand that there is more than one type of Hijab. Khimar is one form of hijab, which means "veil covering the head" while the word Litham of Niqab means "veil covering lower face up to the eyes." (Syed, 2001) The term hijab in contemporary times refers to women covering their face, which is referred to as purdah on the Indian sub-continent and chador in Iran. (Syed, 2001; paraphrased) While the hijab itself is not written in the Quran, the Quran does lay down the principle of modesty. "
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The Historical Biblical James, 2008.
This paper discusses the apostle James and looks at the 'Book of James'.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that James was a preacher, a self-taught man who loyally followed his brother, Jesus Christ, and whose contribution to the Bible is the "Letter of James". The writer maintains that there was a historical Jesus, a historical James, and that the two were indeed brothers. From this, one can conclude that James wrote his epistle, and that the 'Book of James' is an authentic letter sent from the author to the Jews of the Diaspora to teach them how to live as Christians. The physical evidence of the ossuary of James simply adds weight to this discussion. The writer concludes that James was a brother of Jesus and he wrote the 'Letter of James', which then came to be seen as the core instructional tract on how to work and live as a Christian.
From the Paper
"While the Bible mentions several Mary's, and at least three different James', thus putting into question which, if any, of the James' wrote the letter, there was only one that was the brother of Jesus. This James is the one that became the head of the Christian church in Jerusalem and thus by extension the head priest for all of the Christian Jews in the Diaspora. Thus, for a letter such as this to have had any real impact, it would have had to have been written by a very powerful man - how else could it have been disseminated? Therefore, the authority of James the brother of Jesus is established as well as the appropriateness of that James in the authoring of the epistle. What then additionally supported the validity of the claim of James to have been Jesus' brother is not the references to that relationship in Mark and other parts of the Bible, but the 2002 discovery of the Ossuary of James."
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Divine Foreknowledge, 2008.
This paper discusses the concepts of divine foreknowledge and free will, concentrating on the beliefs of St. Augustine.
1,339 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differing role of divine foreknowledge within the philosophy of St. Augustine. First an overview on the general concept of divine foreknowledge is given in order to understand its influential role during these times. Then the paper examines its role as applied to the philosophy of St. Augustine. The writer also looks at the theory that humans have the free will to make their own decisions. The writer concludes that what makes St. Augustine's work so important and successful, in both religious and philosophical circles, is its ability to understand the conflict and the importance of reconciling these concepts in order to preserve both the sanctity of divine foreknowledge and human will.
Outline:
Introduction
Divine Foreknowledge vs. Freewill
St. Augustine
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the theory of divine foreknowledge, god is omniscient and therefore holds knowledge of everything: past, present and future. In other words, divine foreknowledge is god's ability to know everything about all things. Further, since god has knowledge of everything, everything that god knows is necessarily a truth. For example, if god knows that X will go and do Y, then it is true that X will do Y, even if X has not yet done Y. Further, since it is a truth that X will do Y, it is also impossible that X will not do Y. In other words, in a pure system of divine foreknowledge, humans have no freewill. The two cannot co-exist.
"However, some theorists, including St. Augustine, have developed a non-pure system of divine foreknowledge and instead believe that although god has divine foreknowledge, he is not all knowing in a traditional sense."
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Revolution and Its Causes, 2008.
This paper looks at how the fighting between the Sunnis and Shiites in Iraq has affected the country, as well as gives background information on the Sunni-Shiite split.
2,408 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The current sectarian conflict between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iraq, termed as a full-fledged civil war by some observers, threatens to rip the country apart in an orgy of mindless violence. According to one school of thought, the fighting has the potential of escalating beyond the borders of Iraq and destabilizing the whole region of Middle East, particularly after the American occupation force withdraws from Iraq. Others disagree and believe that the conflict is a direct result of the U.S. occupation and may even have been fanned by the occupation forces as a classic colonial tactic of "divide and rule." In this research paper on Sunni-Shiite fighting in Iraq, the author examines the background of the Sunni-Shiite split and traces the history of Iraqi Shiites, besides discussing how the conflict has affected the country.
Outline:
Background of the Conflict--the Sunni-Shiite Split
Shiites in Iraq
Historical Sunni-Shiite Relations in Iraq
The Sunni-Shiite Conflict in the Post 2003 Scenario
Who is Responsible for the Provocative Attacks?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Shiite Buyid dynasty, for example, controlled Iraq and Persia for more than a hundred years from 945 to 1060 AD ("Buyid" 2007) and the Iraq region again came under the control of the Shiite/ Persian Safavid Empire during parts of the 16th and 17th century . The Safavid-Ottoman attempts to control Iraq deepened the Shia-Sunni rift as both Empires used Sunni and Shia religions to mobilize domestic support and prosecuted the rival sect during their periods of control. For instance, Iraq's Sunni population suffered immensely during the Safavid reign (1623-38), while Iraqi Shiites were strictly excluded from positions of power during the Ottoman control (1638-1916). During the longer Ottoman period, the Sunnis monopolized administrative and political power and the Shiites were not provided similar opportunities ("The Ottoman Period" 1988)"
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"The Egyptian Book of the Dead", 2008.
A discussion of the historical importance of "The Egyptian Book of the Dead".
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "The Egyptian Book of the Dead", writings sealed in ancient Egyptian tombs, which dealt not only with the pleasures of the afterlife, but also with the journey to that other place. The paper points out that this journey was fraught with dangers that must be overcome were the soul to survive to enjoy its eternal happiness. "The Book of the Dead" represented an early attempt to explain these dangers, and also to impart the esoteric knowledge essential to achieving everlasting contentment. The paper adds that the book also furnishes many clues about ancient Egyptian society and culture. It concludes that the book is an early triumph of art and literature, which continues to inform and inspire.
From the Paper
"The many faces of the Egyptian spirit world also related to the Egyptian concepts of daily life and thought that are so well portrayed in the Book of the Dead. Many of the copies of the Book that have come down to us were found in the tombs of high pharaonic officials. Their supplications of the divine are frequently likened to their duties as servants of Egypt's god-kings. For the pharaoh was both man and god, the "good god" who walked the Earth, and afterwards died and rejoined his divine brethren. Egypt, like the netherworld, was a hierarchical and efficiently-managed state with king and officials at its helm. As in the Egypt of this world, the dead expected to enjoy the bounty of their fields and herds, and also the labor of their dependents. Many passages of the Book of the Dead relate Egyptian concepts of the afterlife that are also idealized descriptions of Egyptian life on this Earth. By describing such actions or conditions, the Egyptians perpetuated them in the hereafter: "To copy, to forge, to double, to represent was as if the action or state was always in effect, at least that was the underlying desire." And the world that the Egyptians were re-doubling was in fact the one that they already knew in life. Modern archeologists and historians can use the Book of the Dead as a tool to unraveling the mysteries of Egyptian daily life. The illustrations serve as clear guides to the appearance of the Egyptians themselves, their dress and hairstyles - even the colors they preferred. One can also get some idea of the appearance of Egyptian houses, gardens, and the like. Even the food eaten by the Ancient Egyptians is carefully described in the rituals accorded the deceased - "The roast for the double rib is from the slaughter house, thy retch-bread is from the Wide Hall. As a god is supplied with the offering meal, Unas is supplied with his bread." It is a ritual formula that, nevertheless; makes clear the diet of the Ancient Egyptians and also the manner in which the gods were served in the temples. Egyptian society comes through clearly in amid the religious and ceremonial passages of the Book of the Dead."
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Superstition, 2008.
This paper discusses superstition within the occult tradition or the paranormal.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the concept of superstition is often commonly understood only in a vague sense as a term that is somehow related to the occult, magic and the paranormal. One of the central aims of this paper is to show that superstitions are often the remnants of knowledge that has been lost or neglected by modern science and forgotten and that they are in many cases not just false beliefs. This approach to the meaning of superstition is one that will allow the reader to understand the term in the context of and in relation to the occult and paranormal traditions in the world. The writer concludes that in the final analysis, the term superstition should be seen as the possible remnant of a larger body of knowledge, which is commonly known as the occult tradition. In this sense, superstition is understood as a watered down version of some greater truth. However, the writer notes that it should also be borne in mind that not all superstitions can be seen in this light and that many are fictitious constructions of fantasy.
From the Paper
"These definitions point to two different ways of looking at superstition. The first and more conventional view sees superstition, as an empty and fanciful set of beliefs that have no foundation in any reality. This is a view that sees superstition as separate from the occult and paranormal traditions of knowledge.
"The second understanding of superstitions is related to the perception of superstitions as linked to other religious views or to the larger occult traditions in religious systems throughout the world. This meaning is more in line with the idea of occult and paranormal traditions. This view would therefore explain superstitions as being based to a greater or lesser extent on knowledge and lost traditions; or at least having its roots in such knowledge rather than seeing it as mere blind faith and empty fancy."
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Child Abuse and the Catholic Church, 2008.
This research study specifically examines the sexual abuse of Latino children in the United States perpetrated by priests and clergy members of the Roman Catholic Church.
31,770 words (approx. 127.1 pages), 63 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals that the Roman Catholic Church intentionally and negligently covered up the sexual abuse of children by members of the clergy between the years of 1945 and 2003. The author stresses that, because the majority of the Latino population in the United States are members of the Catholic Church, this problem is exacerbated in Latino children. The American Psychological Association and other supporting agencies are faced with a crisis in providing effective mental health treatment for the Latino American population. The paper reviews effective methods for assessment, diagnoses and treatment of this unique population and reviews the recent literature accessing information of the experts in this field and the agencies that provide mental health services to the Latino population. Includes figures.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Healthcare Factors Impacting Latino Immigrant Children
Overview of the Catholic Church Legal System
Response of the Church to Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse
Secrecy in the Roman Catholic Church Surrounding Child Sexual Abuse
Legal Issues Arising to Debate
The Latino Victim of Child Sexual Abuse by Clergy
Mental Health Care Service Delivery to Latinos
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Development of Plan: Provision of Effective Mental Health Care
Services to Latino Population in the United States
From the Paper
"This research study has related that it is not practical, nor is it advisable, to attempt to have a family member interpret due to limitations that exist in the effectiveness of this use of an interpreter, specifically due to role reversal when the child is interpreting for the parent and due to cultural issues that may limit or null the interpretations provided by a family member interpreting between the clinician and client. It is important that the client feel warmly welcomed to the service providers clinic and that staff members are attentive to the needs of the Latino client and their family."
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How do you Save a Dying Church?, 2008.
A research paper examining the dying church phenomenon.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study that examines the dying church phenomenon through the eyes of the churchgoers to predict and suggest future actions that might be helpful for the church in regaining its position in the society. The research method chosen is qualitative mainly because of all the elements that it encompasses before forming the final conclusions of the report.
Outline:
Methodology: Research objectives
Research Design
Questionnaires
Reliability and Validity of the results
Ethical Issues
From the Paper
"The research design was very easy and simple to choose. The choices were numerous and included procedures like cultural studies, psychoanalytic, case study, and deconstructionist, phenomenological, ethnographic, feminist and hermeneutical amongst many others. In the end the one that was chosen was ethnography. The main aim of a qualitative data and design is to reach authenticated conclusions through persuasive explanations. Ethnography is perhaps one of the most significant divisions of the qualitative data setup to achieve this particular aim as it portrays the real and confirmed cultural norms of the social setting it is studying, which in this case is the dying church (Campbell, 1997)."
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Management Tools in Islamic Finance, 2008.
This paper is a research proposal for an analysis of short-term liquidity management tools in Islamic finance.
1,680 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Islamic financial institutions and businesses, which are confronted with some unique challenges in their administration of liquidity management tools due to Islamic law which forbids interest charged by banks and money lenders. This research proposal aims to discuss which of the five foregoing approaches (i.e., musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha, ijara and ijara-wa-igtina) provide Islamic financial institutions with superior liquidity alternatives, how Islamic financial institutions account for the time value of money; and how Islamic banking can be made more profitable.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Clear Statement of Research Questions
Methods
Analysis
From the Paper
"The proposed study will use a two-fold research methodology comprised of a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature together with a series of case studies of Islamic financial institutions and how they have historically used their short-term liquidity management tools and the respective outcomes of these techniques. The first part of the research methodology is highly congruent with a number of social researchers. For example, Fraenkel and Wallen (2001) report that, 'Researchers usually dig into the literature to find out what has already been written about the topic they are interested in investigating. Both the opinions of experts in the field and other research studies are of interest. Such reading is referred to as a review of the literature' (p. 48). Likewise, Gratton and Jones (2003) emphasize that a critical review of the relevant literature is an essential task in all types of research. 'No matter how original you think the research question may be, it is almost certain that your work will be building on the work of others. It is here that the review of such existing work is important. A literature review is the background to the research, where it is important to demonstrate a clear understanding of the relevant theories and concepts, the results of past research into the area, the types of methodologies and research designs employed in such research, and areas where the literature is deficient' (p. 51)."
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Philosophy and Christian Theology, 2008.
An overview of the relationship between philosophy and Christian theology.
1,502 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how it has been acknowledged widely among scholars that later Greek philosophy and Christian theology share a close relationship and how Neo-Platonism, as represented by Plotinus and its pioneer Philo, developed along with Christian theology in almost the same political, economic and cultural context. The paper contends that the greatest difference in philosophy and Christian theology is that philosophy seeks to 'explain' God while Christian theology seeks to 'know' God and to align with the power, love, and will of God and that it ultimately seeks to have spiritual union with God.
Outline:
Introduction
The Philosophical System of Plato, Philos, & Augustine
The Trinity in Philosophy and Christian Theology
The Superiority of Christian Theology
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"A proposal of the early Pythagorean School was that the number three or the three realities, the One, Nous, and the Soul, all arise from the One. Augustine articulated the doctrine of the Trinity, or the Father, Son and Holy Spirit in a theology that had no basis in Greek philosophy Certainly there are references in the scriptures that refer to some type of triadic formulation of God, Son, and Holy Spirit, however these references, aside from the instruction of Baptism given by Jesus stating to "baptize them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit" do not specifically tie the three into a Trinity and as stated in the work of Tobin (2000)"The Christian concept of the triune godhead did not come 'pre-packaged' in the teachings of Jesus, Paul, or the Bible." (Tobin, 2000) "
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