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'Spirit of Fire': Ursula King, 2008.
A review of the book "Spirit of Fire: The Life and Vision of Teilhard de Chardin" by Ursula King, a biography of a religious and controversial figure.
977 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the work "Spirit of Fire: The Life and Vision of Teilhard de Chardin" by Ursula King. The paper summarizes the book, discussing how faith and science complement one another. The paper states that King's biography of the scholar Teilhard de Chardin illustrates how science and faith can indeed complement and support one another.
From the Paper
"Banned from discussing his theories by the Catholic Church during his career, Teilhard de Chardin did become discouraged, but he refused to stop believing science and faith could balance each other. In the late 1930s he wrote, "[G]ood is ... everything that brings a spiritual growth to the world" (King 166). Thus, he explains his ability to balance science and faith. Science, at least in his mind, brings a spiritual growth to the world by explaining how systems work and live together, and how they have evolved. Science has made broad achievements in the world, from halting illness to discovering life-changing global problems that must be solved to ensure the survival of humankind. Thus, science brings knowledge, but also brings spiritual growth, and in that, it cannot be bad."
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Qur'an and Social Order, 2008.
A look at how Islam demonstrates itself as a stronghold of social order, as a lifestyle depending on the norms and principles which are ordained divinely.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a socially just society, which relies upon the unity and equality of all believers, is visualized by the Quran. The author describes the ways Islamic moral and social justice offsets all kinds of oppression and exploitation. The paper stresses that, even though this social order is focused upon practical concerns that make the observance of Islam advantageous and just, problems occur when the Jihadis attempt to compulsorily extend this social order to the whole world by means of coercion.
From the Paper
"The Qur'an indicates that in Islam, no supremacy, no discrimination and no pre-eminence could be legally claimed by one over that of another other than with regard to the virtue of piety. All are alike in terms of their social status and this is completely apparent in the congregational prayers where there is no scope for designation and special advantage. All are alike in the eyes of God irrespective of being a caliph or slave. Prophet Muhammad viewed that all persons were equal similar to that of the teeth of a comb."
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The Amish, 2008.
An analysis of the culture of the Amish that is at odds with American culture and values.
1,617 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the culture and values of the Amish. It specifically focuses on their culture of community and the ways in which it is at odds with much of American life and values. The paper discusses the beliefs and religion of the Amish, their view of education and their desire for separatism from 'the English' or non-Amish. The paper concludes that the Amish have become beloved by the society they spurn.
From the Paper
"Separate, yet dwelling in the world in a practical fashion, is the hallmark of the Amish community. "As well as being modest, their clothing also separates them from the world," that is from others (Inge, 2007). The Amish do not serve in the military; because their sect is pacifist. However, they do not involve themselves in political causes like the anti-war movement, except when public matters affect the Amish community. They do not swear oaths because that would involve the community in the values of the world ("Beliefs of the Amish," 1996, Religious Tolerance.org. 1996). "They believe that the taking of photographs where someone is recognizable is forbidden by the Biblical prohibition against making any 'graven image'" ("The Amish and the plain people"1995, Pennsylvania Dutch Country). They speak their own dialect, the Pennsylvanian Dutch dialect when amongst themselves. They do not pay taxes, as they do not collect Social Security or other welfare benefits, as the Amish community takes care of its 'own.'"
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the Gospel of John, 2008.
A discussion on the Gospel of John and the work of the holy spirit.
3,528 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the reading of the Gospel of John and relates what John states about the person and work of the holy spirit.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
The Persona of the Holy Spirit
Holy Spirit (Freedom and Sovereignty to Act)
Holy Spirit Comforts, Abides with and Dwells 'Within'
Holy Spirit Is Spirit of Truth and Spiritual Guide To All Truth
Holy Spirit Will Glorify Christ
Discussion
Promises of the Holy Spirit
From the Paper
"In the work entitled: "The work of Pentecost Continues" Wintz writes that the word person is used when speaking: "...of the persons of the Holy Trinity" and yet this is not the "exact equivalent of the word we use in referring to human persons." (2003) Wintz writes that it is helpful to think: "...of the Latin root of the word 'person', which is persona. A person, from which our English word derives, is literally an actor's mask, such as were used in ancient Greek drama. In which case the same actor would use different masks to play the roles of different characters." (2003) When this is applied to the Trinity, then one can imagine the one and only God performing three different roles."(2003) Wintz writes that these: "...are not three separate Gods, but one God in three persons." (2003) The Gospel of John is highly focused on the person of the Holy Spirit and the work of that person of God. In the work entitled: 'The Filioque: A Church-Dividing Issue? An Agreed Statement of the North American Orthodox-Catholic Theological Consultation" published by the Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas it is stated that Jesus, "In his farewell discourse in the Gospel of John...speaks of the Holy Spirit as one who will continue his own work in the world after he has returned to the Father, He is 'The Spirit of Truth', who will act as 'another advocate (parakletos)' to teach and guide his disciples (14.16-17), reminding them all of Jesus himself has taught (14.26)." (Standing Conference of the Canonical Orthodox Bishops in the Americas, nd) This document relates that in this part of the Gospel Jesus provides more clarity of the "sense of the relationship between this 'advocate,' himself and his Father."
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Private Confessions, 2008.
This paper studies the book 'The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner' by James Hogg.
963 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the foundations of 'The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner' written by James Hogg is clearly a series of contests of character, of which the narrator appallingly fails through his allowance of piety and the doctrine of predestination to guide his decisions and justify his sins. The writer notes that from the beginning the youth allows himself to lie, cheat and possibly steal to get his way, overcome the truth telling servant and overtake the student who is above him in knowledge and ability. Even though he agonizes over his deeds, he still naively believes that all is forgiven because he has been preordained to be among the good rather than the evil, secondary even to his dubious birth. The writer maintains that his character is duplicitous, as on the one hand he wishes to do good and on the other, believes that if he gets ahead it is justified, as he is a chosen soul.
From the Paper
"The narrator is answered with his recently acquired friend, a mirror of sorts who justifies the thoughts and actions of the other through knowing and agreeing with everything he says. There are clear indications that this clone of the narrator is actually the devil, attempting to bar him from prayer and logical thought and feed the violence he has unwittingly conjured up as the answer to all ills in the world.
"The narrator is led to horrific acts including murder, for which he has no memory, but is the most likely culprit, having been led down the garden path by the devil to act upon the idea of predestination."
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Winning the 'War on Terrorism', 2008.
A synopsis of the article "Winning the "War on Terrorism"; The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy" by Anthony B. Cordesman.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Winning the "War on Terrorism"; The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy" that is a detailed analysis of the counterproductive nature of the current state of international counter-terrorism. The paper explains Cordesman's assertion that the struggle against terrorism is not military or secular, but is a war that must be fought from within Islam at an ideological level. The paper notes that this work is limited since it presents logical findings of just one expert on the subject.
From the Paper
"Cordesman's article is a detailed analysis of the counterproductive nature of the current state of international counterterrorism. The work stresses that the current aggressive actions of the West coupled with the inaction of the Middle East create a counterproductive strategy that intensifies terrorism, rather than reducing it. The first point made by Cordesman is that the West identifies terrorism as a global situation, while in reality there are several smaller regional situations, that have little international effect and that any kind of terrorism that can be correctly labeled as global, in its effect is that that is spurned on by Islamist extremism, which he even more specifically identifies as neo-Salafi Sunni Islamist extremism."
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Islam, 2008.
An overview of the cultural and societal patterns of the Islamic world.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a brief overview and generalization of the Islamic culture, society, way of life and approaches to healthcare. The paper concludes that having a fundamental understanding of the similarities and differences between Islam and other religions will allow for better communication, understanding and acceptance between the different religions of the world.
From the Paper
"Islamic law permits abortion when a mother's health is in imminent danger or if the mother stops lactating for another child during the first 120 days of gestation. Rape is also another reason for having an abortion. Birth control is permissible if the prescribed method has no adverse effect on the health of either spouse and does not lead to permanent sterilization."
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Hinduism/Christianity, 2008.
A study of the basic differences in the Hindu and Christian beliefs.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Gospel of Christ to Hinduism. The paper explores the differences between the two faiths and relays the basic tenets of the Christian faith to the reader to convert someone to Christ from the Hindu faith.
Outline:
Introduction
Christianity
Hindu
Bringing a Hindu to Christ
Response to Hinduism
From the Paper
"For one to understand the wonder and awe of the Christian faith, one should have a basic understanding of the doctrine surrounding the faith itself. The Christian beliefs include knowing that any person, who believes that Jesus Christ is the Lord and Savior of all mankind and accepts Jesus as his or her personal savior, will be accepted into the kingdom of God. Jesus is believed by Christians to be the son of God and God as well as part of the Holy Trinity, which includes the Father the Son and the Holy Spirit(Study of Basic Christian. "
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The Vodou, 2008.
A review of "Vodou", which is is based on West African religions founded within specific areas regional to East Africa.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the Vodou religion and attempts to shed some light on how Vodou and Catholicism co-exists within the context of Haiti, and how many of the saints within Catholicism in Haiti have remnants of Vodou religion.
From the Paper
"There are tangible differences between Vodou and Catholicism, which would suggest that they are unrelated. While the Catholic church receives funding from the Vatican, the vodou were forced to hold secret meetings and keep their rituals a closely guarded event. Vodou culture does not dictate the status of priesthood, nor require external communication mechanism to talk to the spirits. Rather, within Vodou culture, each and every believer can be a channel into the spirit world. The reason that Vodou and Catholicism has clashed so much since the 16th century was that religion was the primary method for cultural assimilation. The catholic church which was endorsed as the official religion of Haiti by the ruling political party, was supported financially by the upper ruling class at any given time in Haiti's history. The ruling classes had a majority of white colonialists which were closely associated with the Catholic church. Vodou on the other hand was followed mostly by the lower classes who lacked financial resources and political/social power and were suppressed in many different forms."
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Nawal Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero", 2008.
Looks at the theme of female degradation in Egyptian novelist Nawal Saadawi's "Woman at Point Zero" (1998) and its broader feminist and cultural implications.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, throughout the world today, in different ways and for different reasons, fiction, film, politics, the Internet and the mass media have taken a dim view of the particularly inhumane treatment of many Muslim women within southern areas, such as the Africa, where Islam is practiced. The paper then points out that the Egyptian woman novelist Nawal El Saadawi, who is also a physician and a feminist, has written many fictional and non-fictional works about women's unequal treatment by men in Islamic societies. "Woman at Point Zero" (1998 and first published in 1975 ) is a stark, disturbing and poignant novel. The paper relates the plot of Saadawi's story about the protagonist Firdaus, an Egyptian-born perpetually abused woman, who out of desperation becomes a prostitute and murders a pimp.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Firdaus herself is neither an evil person nor a hardened criminal (or a criminal at all, except in the sense of having also been driven by desperation into being a prostitute); Firdaus is simply a chronically abused, rejected, degraded and humiliated 20th century Muslim woman in Egypt who arrives at "Ground Zero" on one especially unfortunate day. Within this story, Firdaus's degrading experiences both exemplify and underscore the degradation of Muslim women like herself generally, whose repressive and cruel societies under male-dominated fundamentalist Islam make it impossible for such women to catch a break in life."
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Orthodox Christianity and Universalism Compared, 2008.
A comparison and contrast of the beliefs of the Unitarian and Universalist Church and philosophies with the Orthodox Faith.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Unitarian and Universalist Church and philosophies with the Orthodox Faith. It incorporates an interview with subject "Suzy," a member of the Unitarian church at Foothills Unitarian Church. The paper discusses the primary differences between the religions and also looks at the beliefs about humanity, justice, equality and spirituality that they share.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Unitarian Religion Overview: The Interview
Comparison and Contrast Of Unitarian With Orthodox Faith
Interpretations of Self
Analysis/Conclusions
From the Paper
"Despite these differences, it is important to note that while on the surface there are many differences, the Universalist faith shares with the Orthodox many of the same principles regarding what is "right" when it comes to our relationships with other human beings. Each church and members of the church are brought to believe they have an obligation to treat their peers and other members of the world with respect, grace and dignity. Each is taught not to judge others, but to welcome others for who they are. It is true however, that a Unitarian has more freedoms than someone would as a member of the Orthodox faith. A Unitarian would look to others and define who they are by their interactions with others and recognize that their purpose is somehow intermingled with their relationships with those around them and with their self. There is much less emphasis in the Universalist church on God and actions directed by God than there is in the Orthodox faith, whether one practices Greek, Russian or other forms of Orthodoxy common to society today."
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Vodou, 2008.
An examination of lwa and its role in the rituals of the Vodou religion.
1,489 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the themes and rituals of the Vodou religion. It describes the 401 facets of the divine, referred to as lwa and their connection to the religion of Vodou. It also describes the state of the possessed individual and his role in the ceremony. The paper then discusses the reason why the lwa is essential to the ritual life of people practicing Vodou.
From the Paper
"The overall theme that such rituals convey is the elemental nature of the Vodou religion. Specifically, within Vodou it is believed - much like in Hinduism - that there is one, ultimate spiritual being, known as God. However, this overarching spiritual force cannot be comprehended or experienced directly be human beings. This is the reason why the lwa is essential to the ritual life of people practicing Vodou. The lwa is the connection between the perfectly divine realm of God and the lesser realm occupied by humanity. Obviously, the in-between realm of the lwa acts upon the human realm continually; yet the rituals themselves are designed to strengthen this connection. Accordingly, possession by the lwa is of ultimate importance to be able to cross the line - however briefly - between the human and the divine. This interpretation of possession contrasts strongly with Christian interpretations, which almost universally view it as a negative feature of spirituality. In Vodou, it is one of the highest expressions of spirituality; to be touched by these divine messengers in a way capable of restoring spiritual, mental and physical harmony to the one possessed. Naturally, the things conveyed through the possession are of utmost importance because, for those moments, those witnessing the possession are simultaneously witnessing the world of the lwa."
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Stem Cell Research: The Religious Perspective, 2008.
This paper argues against stem cell research from a religious point of view.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the stem cell technology that many modern religious authorities and churches see as a serious threat to the foundations of society and religious practice in the modern world. The paper is of the opinion that stem cell research should be prevented from achieving its ends. The paper posits that while one welcomes any technology that can heal the sick and wounded, this cannot be condoned if the price that we pay is the destruction of human culture and religious values.
From the Paper
"Stem cell or embryonic cells are the cells that are found in embryos which have the ability to develop or grow into other types of cells. For example, stem cells have the theoretical potential to develop into heart or muscle cells, etc. Therefore this technology has opened new vistas of possibility for medical science. In theory stem cell research may lead the way to enable doctors to cure diseases that were previously incurable - such as Parkinson's disease. A central benefit of stem cell research is that it is able to create organs and tissue from the undifferentiated cells that can replace damaged or diseased human organs. Another advantage this technology is that it has the potential to overcome the problem of rejection by the recipient or host body."
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Tibetan Buddhism, 2008.
An analysis of the texts, rituals and beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism with a focus on how it has contributed to the world today.
1,249 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the vast history of the religion of Tibetan Buddhism from the beginnings of its existence in 173 A.D, if not earlier, until the present day. It examines the texts, rituals and other aspects that are particular to this religion. It describes their four noble truths and the eightfold path to enlightenment, as well as the five basic precepts Tibetan Buddhists must follow. The paper shows how Tibetan Buddhism has vastly contributed to the world today.
From the Paper
"Generally speaking, Tibetan Buddhists believe that once an individual reaches enlightenment, he or she can escape the cycle of life, death, and rebirth, and can choose to remain in the world to teach others to reach nirvana. Dharma protectors are those who protect the Dharma, and are distinct to the Tibetan Buddhist. Additionally, there are five Dhyani Buddhists in Tibetan Buddhism, each of whom is able to overcome a specific evil with a specific good. Vairocana embodies sovereignty and is the antidote to ignorance. Akshobhya embodies steadfastness and battles anger. Ratnasambhava embodies compassion and battles desire and pride. Amitabha embodies light and is the antidote to malignancy. Finally, Amogasiddha embodies dauntlessness and battles envy."
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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Ethical Ideas in Literature, 2008.
A comparison of ethical dilemmas in "A Language Older Than Words" by Derrick Jensen and "From Christ to the World: Introductory Readings in Christian Ethics," edited by Wayne G. Boulton, Thomas D. Kennedy and Allen Verhey.
4,211 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts ethical dilemmas in two books - "A Language Older Than Words," written by Derrick Jensen and "From Christ to the World: Introductory Readings in Christian Ethics," edited by Wayne G. Boulton, Thomas D. Kennedy and Allen Verhey. It describes the concepts discussed in each work and then finally provides a personal critique discussing why arguments are important.
Table of Contents:
A Language Older Than Words: A Review
From Christ To The World: A Review
Personal Critique: Why Arguments Are Important
From the Paper
"Fletcher also talks about this under his category "antinomianism": this is the approach which one takes when entering the "decision-making situation armed with no principles or maxims whatsoever, to say nothing of rules." And to carry the analogy along a bit more, with reference to Fletcher's philosophy, did Bush take the antinomianism approach in 2002, 2003, when putting forth the dishonest notion that Saddam Hussein had nuclear weapons and for the safety of all Americans the U.S. military needed to crush him? Most interesting among his three features of Christian ethics is "situationism," which Fletcher places "between" legalism and antinomianism. This third maxim is used when the person is not making a decision based on a rock-solid Christian footing; i.e., the situation dictates whether it's a good idea to go ahead or not. According to "love's needs," Fletcher writes on page 208, the situationist follows "a moral law or violates it."
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Arab Culture in America, 2008.
This paper explores the issues facing Arabs in America today.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the challenges Arab-Americans face in their culture today. The paper discusses how many Americans stereotype all Arabs as Muslims who are enraged against the United States and western culture, although that is a false assumption of the majority of Arab-Americans living and working in the U.S. The paper shows how their own strong sense of culture, family and religion help them balance their world with the American world.
From the Paper
"Arab Americans seem to have one foot in their past and another squarely in their future. The Arab culture is extremely close-knit, with families playing an extremely important role in this culture. Jobs play an important part of this culture, because they are the place where many Arabs may spend a majority of their daily activities, and they may present challenges for many reasons. Employment in America is based on a Christian calendar and Christian ideals. Arab employees may find it difficult to pray during the day, and they may find it difficult to celebrate Arab holidays, which fall outside the traditional holiday calendar used in America."
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Theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 2008.
Looks at the life and teaching of anti-Nazi German theologian and philosopher Dietrich Bonhoeffer and reflects on his writings.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, among the first German Protestants to perceive the diabolical nature of Nazism, was implicated in the plot to assassinate Hitler and destroy his Third Reich for which Bonhoeffer was hanged. The author explains that Bonhoeffer taught that ethical behavior was founded on the unification of the reality of the world, God and Christ and criticized other theories for their failure to confront evil directly. The paper reflects upon a major work by Bonhoeffer "The Cost of Discipleship", published in 1948, in which he discussed "costly grace" as the center of discipleship.
Table of Contents:
Life
Teachings
Reading Reflection
From the Paper
"Grace is cheap if the sin is blotted out but the sinner remains unjustified or remains feeling unjustified. No human being can do the job. God's free grace alone can do and does everything. Despite man's best efforts at living well, the world can only go the same old way and sinners will remain sinners. The sinner must feel forgiven if the forgiveness is real. Otherwise, it is only cheap grace and cheap grace is unreal. True forgiveness releases the sinner from the sin and makes the sin leave the sinner. Cheap grace is also only ministerial or external."
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Emile Durkheim and Max Weber on Religion, 2008.
A comparison of the writings of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, focusing on their views on religion and society.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the ideas of the French thinker Emile Durkheim and the German economist Max Weber. The writer discusses how Durkheim was interested in defining and explaining religion as a force that drives people, whereas Max Weber focused on identifying its relationship to other social and economic phenomena. Durkheim believed that religion is the basis of social organization and behavior, while Max Weber did not look at the population as a whole when analyzing its religious aspects, but at each individual. The writer concludes that, although their views differed on how religion influences society, in attempting to establish new rules and view religion from different perspectives they represent, together with Karl Marx, the foundational sociological traditions examining the "institution" of religion.
From the Paper
"Both Emile Durkheim and Max Weber approached religion in order to identify its connections with external forces. While Durkheim looked at religion in terms of a social connection and a social determination, Weber analyzed it from the standpoint of economic development. The approach taken by Durkheim is more complex in regard to the actual religious features as it presents the sacred and profane division of human activities, whereas Weber's approach is more economic and tries to identify a connection between economically emerging countries and the religion practiced by its inhabitants."
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