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Confucian Values and Jen, 2007.
Description of the value known as "Jen" and its role in Confucian thought.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the evolution and importance of the Confucian value known as "jen." First, the author defines this term, and how its meaning has changed over the centuries. Then concrete examples from diverse historic events are used to illustrate this concept. The author concludes with an example of how one behaves using the character trait of "jen" in today's society.
From the Paper
"And moreover, Ssu-ma Niu inquired about Goodness; and the Master explained that the jen (the Good) man is "chary of speech" (chary also embraces the concept of jen), but Ssu-ma Niu wasn't doing well at understanding that reference. So the Master, and all readers of Confucian thought now know what the Master means, right? Not completely. The Master is somewhat mysterious about the meaning, and he is not trying to be rude by his evasiveness, and yet he uses humor. "Seeing that the doing of it is so difficult, how can one be otherwise than chary of talking about it." He is making a pun by saying the Good man is chary of speech and secondly, he is simply implying that his mysterious response is due to the fact that Ssu-ma Niu is not yet qualified to learn the true meaning; it will not be revealed at this time."
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Death Comes for the Archbishop, 2007.
This paper analyzes the book 'Death Comes for the Archbishop' by Willa Cather.
2,053 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses Willa Cather's "Death Comes for the Archbishop". The writer explains that the book depicts the life journey of Father Latour as he is assigned to serve as the Catholic bishop in the New Mexico territory after it is annexed by the United States. The writer points out that starting with the prologue, Cather makes clear that setting will play a critical role in the story and that one must look at New Mexico as a setting in terms of both geography and morality. The writer notes that as three cardinals first discuss the need to assign a bishop to the New Mexico territory, the reader is given a glimpse at the geographic and moral challenges Latour will face. The writer concludes that in the end, Latour successfully confronts inhospitable natural and moral settings and, in finding a way to succeed in these environments, reveals himself as an exceptional character.
Outline:
The Archbishop vs. Nature
Overcoming a Difficult Moral Setting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Latour's pending greatness is further demonstrated when he is not accepted in Santa Fe and must travel to Durango, Mexico - 1,500 miles each way - to obtain confirmation from the Bishop of Durango that he does, indeed, now have religious authority over the New Mexico territory. The reader is left to consider how easy it would be for Latour to turn around and leave this new assignment that has caused him nothing but sorrow. But, instead, Latour mounts a horse and makes the trip to Durango through dry, barren country. We are beginning to see the development of a character whose personality, imagination and faith are strong enough to withstand the most difficult of challenges. Latour, only a year removed from the relative comforts of Ohio, has become an improviser - a man who overcomes hardships as they are presented."
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Mark and Luke, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the gospels of Mark and Luke.
1,917 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the gospels of Mark and Luke in the area of literal rather than allegorical content, through the development of the similarities and differences of the messages. The main focus of the contrast and comparison is the humanity of the messages. It discusses how in Mark many of the key definitive situations that develop the history of the characters of the Bible, such as Mary, Elisabeth, John the Baptist and even Jesus himself are missing, removing the divine from the story, while in Luke these stories are clear. The story of John the Baptist's conception as well as Jesus' conception and birth are two examples of this difference.
From the Paper
" The first and possibly the most profound difference between the gospels of Mark and Luke can be found within the very first pages of the works. They both tell the story of John the Baptist, but Mark begins his life in the work as he is during the late life of Jesus, while Luke introduces John through an introduction to his fantastic family history, in some ways as fantastic as the conception and history of Jesus himself. In Mark nearly the first passage indicates that John has come upon the scene as a man, whole and with no miraculous history, Mark 1:4 John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins. "
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Christian Conversion in Mexico and Brazil, 2007.
A description of the Spanish and Portuguese attempts to convert native peoples to Christianity during their conquests of Brazil and Mexico.
2,274 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on Mesoamerican culture, with an emphasis on conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity. The author describes the native religion and lifestyle prior to the Europeans' arrival, and the subsequent results of conversion to Christianity, both positive and negative. Also described is the treatment toward the native peoples by the Europeans. The paper is divided into two sections, one describing the Spanish invasion and the other the Portuguese conquest of Brazil. The author concludes that the effort by Portuguese Christians to convert native Brazilians - by force or otherwise - to Christianity was far less successful than tactics used by Spaniards in Mexico.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
The arrival of the Spaniards into Mesoamerican Mexico
Things did not go well for the Spaniards in 1680s and 1690s
Jesuit priest Father Tomas Miranda raged at the cruel treatment of the Seri
Portugal and the Colonization of Brazil
Works Cited
From the Paper
"And because the Roman Catholic leadership in Spain saw the natives as part of a prophecy, a gift from Lord to enrich their Spanish culture, the Franciscan missionaries, the first priests in Mexico, used "indoctrination" as a term rather than "evangelization." The Spaniards reportedly believed that since God had placed these Native Americans on Mexican soil for the enhancement of Spanish culture and religion, that the natives merely needed the facts of Christianity (Roman Catholicism), not the full litany of evangelization. The Spaniards were wrong, of course, and they found themselves in the midst of a myriad of troubling situations they could not possibly have predicted."
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Our Lady of Guadalupe, 2007.
An analysis of the history of the story of Our Lady of Guadalupe and its interpretation by historians.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the story of Our Lady of Guadalupe. It begins by discussing the history of the story, dating back to 1531 in Mexico-Tenochtitlan (what is today Mexico City) when the Virgin Mary appeared four times to the Christianized Indian, Juan Diego. The paper also discusses how the Guadalupe event has been studied and interpreted by historians.
From the Paper
"Even in the Latino territory of southeast Los Angeles, images of the Virgin of Guadalupe are prominently displayed (Vergara). Our Lady of Guadalupe stands above the clouds on a crescent moon, her hands folded in prayer, her head slightly titled, rays of light emanating from her to form an aureloa: a celestial apparition based on the familiar idea of the Immaculate Conception (Vergara). The people who display her, especially shopkeepers, regard her as a powerful protector (Vergara). Mexicans believe Our Lady of Guadalupe helps people who have a problem and people who are sick. They believe that if you have faith in her, and put a candle by her image, you will be healed (Vergara). For the people of Mexico, the Virgin of Guadalupe is their historic banner, the symbol of so many popular causes (Coleman). In 1895, Pope Leo XII proclaimed Our Lady of Guadalupe as the queen of the Mexican people (Edwards). The Virgin has reflected multiple expressions of power. For example, She is a symbol of a revolutionary movement, a figure called on to express collective and individual identities (Boehm)."
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'Book of Tea', 2006.
Reflections on 'The Book of Tea' by Kakuzo Okakura.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Kakuzo Okakura's 'Book of Tea'. According to the paper, 'Book of Tea' provides a potent and stimulating introduction to Japanese culture. The paper then takes a look at the idea of Teaism, a cult founded on the adoration of the beautiful among the sordid facts of everyday existence. The paper explains that by focusing on the possibilities of perfecting something small, like brewing and serving a perfect cup of tea, with all the correct ceremony, a sense of harmony and control is attained, even in light of the imperfections of a confusing world.
From the Paper
"Okakura's own prose, with its attitude of whimsy rather than worshipfulness: "What a tempest in a tea cup...Perhaps I betray my own ignorance of the Tea Cult by being so outspoken," is in keeping with the principles of Teaism that he outlines. He makes delightful use of the religious nature of tea, poking fun at Westerners who dislike tea, who call drinking tea a filthy custom as heretics. This lack of reverence towards tea is a key, ironic part of Japanese religiosity, he implies. By not taking things too seriously, the true ethos of tea is manifest. Tea is served with deliberation, but ultimately the pourer knows that it does not matter very much in the grand scheme of things."
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Son of God, 2006.
A discussion regarding Jesus as the Son of God, reported to be a lasting light and a lasting controversy.
1,681 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the history of the idea that Jesus is the Son of God and the lasting light. According to the paper, the notion of Jesus as the unique son of the divinity emerged as one of the key, theological divisions between the Christian and the Jewish belief systems of the ancient world. The paper goes on to discuss the various interpretations of the term 'Son of God'.
From the Paper
"But nowhere in the Christian Bible are there more numerous phrases in which Jesus is specifically heralded as the Son of God, than in John's Gospel. Jesus repeatedly draws attention to his relationship with God the Father in such passages as: "My Father worketh until now; and I work.... For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things which he himself doth: and greater works than these will he shew him, that you may wonder. For as the Father raiseth up the dead, and giveth life: so the Son also giveth life to whom he will. For neither doth the Father judge any man, but hath given all judgment to the Son. That all may honour the Son, as they honour the Father." (Cited by Aherene, 2002, v, 17, 20-23). John sets out the unique duties of Father and Son in this passage, and for Trinitarians, this provides evidence for the existence of a multifaceted, multi 'peopled' divinity with a Father and a Son."
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Evil, 2007.
This paper discusses and analyzes the concept of evil.
1,819 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer takes a look at the origins of evil and discusses its purpose in society. The writer examines the different interpretations of evil and the way in which evil is viewed in different aspects of society. This essay also looks at the conflicting views on the existence of God and evil. The writer concludes that evil is something which has no definite meaning, as there will always be someone who has a different interpretation. Further, the writer maintains that evil will remain in this world in order to test people's temptations and morals. The writer claims that those who fall to evil ways shall repent it forever.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
What is Evil?
Definition of Good and Evil
Existence of Evil in the World
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Evil can be classified as an act which causes pain purposely and not accidentally. A person committing an act of evil knows that he/she is doing something which is morally wrong but then still proceeds to do it. Evil is an ugly thing but then one needs to have evil so that there is good in the world. There has to be something out there which will allow us to classify something as an act of good so that it can be distinguished from evil. Evil has to be there so it can balance goodwill in the world so that life can go on. This is known as the theory of duality where it states that life is a struggle between good or evil. It is believed that evil and good are different parts of the pole and cancel each other out."
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Music: A Connection to the Divine, 2007.
This paper discusses music as a connection to the Divine, by looking at "Paradise" by Aligheri Dante and "The River Sutra" by Gita Mehta.
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that one could say that the written and spoken word describe the foreseen and that music describes the unforeseen. This relationship between music and spirituality is explored using two famous works. The first, Dante's "Paradise", is from Western culture and the other, "The River Sutra" by Gita Mehta, is from Eastern culture. The writer explains that both of these works describe a spiritual journey into the unknown. The writer notes that music is used to reference that which cannot be truly described using words alone. The essay supports the thesis that music is used as a means to connect the reader to the spiritual world in these two works. The writer concludes that one can learn much about the spiritual worlds of the East and West by examining the use of music in their works.
Outline:
Dante and Signaling the Eternal
The Boy Singer and the Path to Enlightenment
The Musician's Story
Transcendence
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Dante uses music to announce a holy event of great importance. The appearance of the divine is often signaled by music. One might notice that it is never Dante himself who is singing or making music, although in the opening Canto he does refer to his work as his song. Song and music are used to signal the appearance of the divine. Dante uses the imagery of music sparingly. Only a few of the heavenly beings that he encounters are heralded by song."
"Structurally, the appearance of music is carefully placed in such a way to give it an even greater meaning of importance. Paradise, like hell, is comprised of layers. Just as the layers in Hell become increasingly more evil, the three layers of heaven become more divine. One might notice that music is hardly mentioned in the first two Cantos, except when referring to his work as his song. When we examine the use of music in the remainder of the piece, this two may have been purposeful and an attempt to attach importance to the work itself."
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The Crucifixion of Jesus, 2007.
A critical analysis of George MacLeod's description of the crucifixion of Jesus in "Landmarking: City, Church, & Jesuit Urban Strategy" by Thomas Lucas.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes George MacLeod's view of the crucifixion of Jesus, as seen in "Landmarking: City, Church, & Jesuit Urban Strategy" by Thomas Lucas. It describes his views of view of the city, the church and of Christians of the time. The paper then discusses in what ways MacLeod's argument could be defended or confirmed and to what extent his statement could be refuted or reformulated. Finally, the paper discusses the Jesuit inclinations or motivations toward mission that are echoed in MacLeod's statement.
From the Paper
"Macleod relates beautifully that Jesus died among those whose lives, both physical and spiritual that he had made his business while upon the earth. Macleod with just a few words assists the reader in understanding that among all the negative factors described by MacLeod, that something precious to Jesus was to be found in the city where he died and that Jesus had found good and beauty within the city among the harlots, murderers and thieves no matter the appearance. Macleod vividly provides a description to drive home his point about the field of mission and where the responsibility of the individual who follows the path of Jesus lay."
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Immigrant Integration in France, 2007.
This paper explores the racial divide in France between North African Muslims and French mainstream society.
1,338 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the problem facing North African Muslim immigrants in France is one of both social stigma and economic disability. The paper describes how an unsympathetic government combined with the plight of misinformed French citizenry has caused a near breaking point between the relationships of immigrants and the mainstream populace. The paper shows how the current terrorism and fear of Islamic fundamentalism has had a profound effect on efforts at immigration integration. The paper asserts that France must take further steps to promote greater economic and political incentives for immigrant integration, or else they will face worse problems than rioting within their national borders.
From the Paper
"North African Muslims is the largest sector of immigrants within France, the majority of them came during the migration of World War I from such countries as Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. According to statistics, almost 25% of the total population of inner Paris are immigrants and 14% of the metropolitan area in general. There are over three million North African Muslims living in France according to recent demographic studies. The composition of North African immigrants is contrary to traditional models and the problems they face are unconventional as well."
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Sikhism, 2007.
This paper discusses Sikhism and looks at its effect on Indian culture.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that Sikhism, although not a new religion, has recently received recognition as a world religion. The writer explains that its followers, called Sikhs believe that there is only on God, and his or her creation is real and not illusory, and everything works according to God's will. The writer points out that these core beliefs of Sikhism have affected Indian culture in several ways, as followers strive to live by these rules and their society reflects these beliefs. This paper analyzes Sikhism and the effect that it has on Indian culture and society. The writer concludes that the effects of Sikhism on Indian culture and society are profound, as the majority of this population strives to live their entire life under the rules laid out by Sikhism.
From the Paper
"The underlying belief of Sikhism is that one's goal is the attainment of salvation, which is prevented by social conflicts and worldly pursuits. As a result, followers of Sikhism strongly believe in karma, or an endless cycle of birth. The quality of each particular life depends in the manner in which you conducted yourself in your last life. This aspect of karma is governed by the principle that Sikhs should balance work, worship, and charity, and should defend the rights of all creatures and fellow human beings. These concepts are illustrated as having an effect on Indian culture and society, in the peaceful manner in which Indian culture is notable for. Additionally, Sikhs also believe strongly in the concept of sharing, through the distribution of free food at rituals, giving charitable donations, and working toward the betterment of society."
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Catholicism in America, 2007.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the increase in numbers and popularity of Catholics in America.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of Catholicism in the United States and how it has greatly influenced how America thinks and operates, especially when considering the core beliefs and practices that continue to be so pervasive in contemporary American culture. The paper discusses the factors that influenced Catholic immigration to America, as well as what influenced the increase in popularity of Catholicism within America itself.
From the Paper
"Second, Pope John XXIII who had been elected as Pope in 1958 became one of the most popular and beloved Catholic Pope in modern history, due to his attempts to bring Catholics and non-Catholics together in friendship and appreciation. Third, John XXIII also convened the Second Vatican Council or Vatican II between 1962 and 1965 which "brought about substantial and long-lasting changes and innovations in the Catholic church." Accordingly, this council "solved some of the lingering problems of being a Catholic in America and made it possible for Catholics to feel less different in the eyes of their contemporaries and non-Catholic neighbors" (Marino, 256). And fourth, Pope Paul VI, the successor to John XXIII, issued "Humanae Vitae" which contained a strong reaffirmation on the ban on artificial contraception, a subject which continues to create much controversy and debate in today's America."
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"The Clash of Civilizations", 2007.
An analysis of the theories and relevance presented in "The Clash of Civilizations" by Samuel Huntington.
967 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories presented in Samuel Huntington's thesis, "The Clash of Civilizations." The paper then discusses why Huntington's thesis appears to be so compelling to some people today, many years after it was written. The paper discusses his theories in relation to current events in order to explain why it is more popular today, than when it was written in 1993.
From the Paper
"These clashes are now new; too put them into perspective Huntington notes that the conflict between Western civilization and the Islamic civilizations has been going on for 1,300 years. That is important for today's generation of scholars and students to know, because many students are only aware of names like bin Laden and groups like al Qaeda and Hezbollah. Indeed, after WWII, when the colonial empires of the West faded, Arab nationalism emerged, followed by Islamic fundamentalism, he asserts. He was correct when he wrote that "centuries-old" military confrontations between the West and Islam are "unlikely to decline.""
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"The Government of the Tongue", 2007.
An analysis of the interpretations and applications of Richard Allestree's "The Government of the Tongue."
5,998 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Allestree's "The Government of the Tongue" and his discussion in the book about the use of speech and how it impacts mankind's spiritual relationship with God. The paper discusses the many perversions of speech, querulousness, positiveness and obscene talk that Allestree describes. The paper concludes by suggesting that Allestree's discourse has applications that go far beyond the religious and it provides some examples of these applications.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Interpretation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Returning to the war in Iraq for a moment, one can view the other side of defamation. According to Allestree, one engages in defamation, not only when one knowingly spreads falsehoods, but also when one spreads information without ascertaining whether that information is actually true. However, this type of defamation has not received the same type of secular condemnation as the intentional propagation and spreading of falsehoods. On the contrary, despite evidence that he led the nation to believe that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction without ascertaining the truth of those statements, President Bush was re-elected as president in 2004. Allestree's position would have suggested that Bush be held accountable for his actions, even though he did not appear to be motivated by malice. In fact, Allestree even linked this type of lying to idolatry, because it suggested that the speaker worshipped his own imagination over God. While such a statement may appear controversial, it certainly suggests that any political leader claiming to be a Christian has a moral obligation to ensure that he is speaking the truth, not merely that he is speaking what he believes to be true."
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Creationism, 2006.
This paper discusses creationism, which rejects scientific theories that contradict the Biblical story of creation.
1,026 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that creationists reject the scientific theories regarding the origin of life, the origin of the human species, the geologic history of the earth, the formation of the solar system and the origin of the universe. The author points out that a second kind of creationism, "creational spirituality", holds that, rather than theory, awe is the appropriate response to the unfathomable wonder of creation. The paper also explains that Neo-Creationists want to allow the Bible to be one of the choices of theories that are given to school children in public schools as to how the earth was formed and mankind came into being.
From the Paper
"A wave of Revivalism swept the South to counteract Modernism and Intellectualism. There was conflict between the liberals and the conservatives in society, between the Evolutionists and the Fundamentalists. Things came to a head in the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, when John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, was tried for teaching the theory of evolution. The trial was widely covered by the most famous broadcasters in the nation. In the trial, also called the "Scopes Monkey Trial," it was decided that it would be legal to teach evolution in the public schools."
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Mayan Culture, 2007.
A discussion of Mayan culture, including their art and religion.
2,807 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the ancient Mayan culture, with an emphasis on their art, religion and their daily lives. The author first examines the significance of the Mayan pyramids which still stand today. The pyramids are felt to give insights into the Mayan's religion and government. The paper continues by suggesting theories of why the Mayans disappeared. Despite the disappearance of ancient Mayans, the author suggests that cultural influences of the Mayans still exist in Central America today.
Outline:
Introduction-Who Were the Mayans?
The Case Against the Mayans
The Case for Mayan Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As for what architecture tells us about the Mayan people, the creation of pyramids and temples that were as large and time-consuming as those created by the Mayans indicate a race of people who were strong, intelligent, and willing to work together for a common goal. Very likely, Mayans were interested in their collective society, as well as their own families, and they worshiped their King. Religion was extremely important to them, as has been mentioned. They used their pyramids and other structures as places to worship, and reverence to their gods was a vital part of their daily lives."
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Near-Death Experiences, 2007.
A discussion on the validity of near-death experiences.
1,261 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of near-death experiences. Specifically, the paper discusses the reality of near-death experiences and whether they exist or not. The paper explores how stories about near-death experiences (NDE) have become almost commonplace in our modern culture. The paper further examines how many studies into this phenomenon have occurred and many of them explain near-death experiences as the body's reaction to tremendous stress. The paper discusses how there is much debate about whether they actually exist, concluding that whether they exist or not, to those experiencing NDEs, they are very real.
From the Paper
"The first real written study of near-death experiences occurred in 1926 by Englishman Sir William Barrett. He compiled many experiences he and his wife (both doctors) had seen with patients during their last moments of life. Two researchers note, "Barrett found that in their visions the dying see dead persons who have come to take them away to a heavenly abode. He also found that such visions often occur when the mind of the patient is clear and rational, and that they sometimes portray what the dying do not expect" (Osis & Haraldsson, 1997, p. 18)."
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Islam and Democracy, 2007.
An argument proposing that moderate Islam and democracy are not incompatible.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the reactions of the Muslim community to the publication of cartoons with Muhammad in a Danish newspaper. The writer argues that, while agreeing with the view-point that the extremist version of Islam may be in conflict with some of the ideals of democracy, he strongly believes that a moderate version of Islam, is in no way incompatible with democracy. The paper further examines how moderate Islam is practiced by an overwhelming majority of Muslims around the world. The paper further argues that both the violent reaction of some Muslims against the publication of the Muhammad cartoons, as well as their publication in the first place, were examples of insensitivity and intolerance towards the views of others.
Outline:
Introduction
Does Islam Support Terrorism?
Exercising the Freedom of Speech?
Compatibility of Islam with Democracy
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"However, most moderate Muslims argue that this passage is about a specific incident and should be read in the context; they also point out that the Quranic and Islamic teachings about "jihad" and war almost invariably stress upon the concept of a "defensive war." For example, Verse 2: 190 of the Quran says: "Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but begin not hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors." ("The Rules of Jihad"--BBC) Some Muslim scholars also believe that the "internal" Jihad--the fight to overcome their own selfish desires--rather than fighting an external enemy is the greater Jihad in Islam."
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