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Kosher Food, 2007.
An analysis of the Jewish dietary laws pertaining to food preparation and consumption.
1,889 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes kosher food and Jewish dietary laws. It looks at the various types of kosher food, the Jewish laws pertaining to kosher food, and the selection and preparation of kosher foods. The paper begins by defining what makes food kosher or not. It looks at the differences between meats, dairy products and canned goods. The paper also describes the prevalence of kosher food consumption in the United States.
Table of Contents:
What Is Kosher
The Rules Regarding Kashrut
Laws Concerning Meat and Dairy Products
Canned Foods: Are They Kosher
The Packaging of Kosher Foods
From the Paper
"Is it important to consider the packaging of kosher foods? Yes. If restrictions are used in canning these foods and in the food additives that are used, should not the packaging be kosher? It is important to understand that the printing inks and other types of packaging may have materials that are not kosher. "Many components of inks, coatings, adhesives, and packaging materials may be animal-based (glycerols, stearates, peptones, etc.), and several, such as caseins and lactic acids, are dairy in nature" (Lustig 140). If these materials come in contact with the food, then the item is no longer kosher. It is important for these inks to be certified as kosher."
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Justice and Religious Traditions, 2007.
This paper discusses how organized religion is not the steward of justice for all, but it does offer inspiration.
1,653 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to writings by Khaled Abou El Fadl, Rene Trujillo and Martin Luther King Jr., which refer to concepts of justice that connect to religious traditions. The paper shows how in the 21st century, organized religions cannot be hoped to produce a steward of justice for all. The paper explains, however, that religious traditions and concepts can inspire attempts to discuss what a government should be, what laws are meant to put in place, what they should seek to avoid and how they can be viewed differently across different cultures.
Outline:
Introduction
Islam and Democracy
Rene Trujillo - Human Rights & the 'Age of Discovery'
Martin Luther King, Jr. - Letter from Birmingham Jail
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"Khaled About El Fadl writes like an ambassador between Muslim history and tradition addressing justice and a contemporary world that needs to understand more of this 'foreign' tradition. (2004) His chapter opens by describing how, centuries ago, a Muslim jurist would point out that there were three kinds of political systems in the natural or primitive state of nature, a place of anarchy and the abuse of power. A second system would involve custom by which tribal elders told what should be upheld or obeyed as would work as long as an elder had sufficient power, or a prince or king who might direct others by decree. A third development has been the caliphate of Shari'ah law, a body of Muslim religious law based on the Qur'an and the example of the Prophet. (2004: 130-131) A conservative Muslim jurist of today may still argue that Shari'ah fulfills all criteria of justice and legitimacy, laying out the duties of governors and the governed, the law taking the lead ahead of the arbitrary authority of one human being over another. (2004: 131)"
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Gay Rights and Civil Rights, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts gay rights with civil rights.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether homosexuals should receive rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The writer questions whether gays should receive rights compared to civil rights. The writer argues that while it is true that gays and minorities are often mistreated, the difference is in the ability to make a decision. The writer maintains that gay rights are different than civil rights because homosexuals make the decision to be gays and even the Bible shows that it is wrong, but African-Americans are born "black" and the Bill of Rights guarantee rights to "all men". The writer then points out that the Civil Rights Act was passed to guarantee that all African-Americans be treated equally with other Americans. The writer argues that comparing gay rights with civil rights shows that gays make a decision to date or love another person of the same sex, while African-Americans are born with their skin color and they should be given the same rights as any American.
From the Paper
"Before determining whether gays should have rights it is important to look at the definition of homosexuals. The definition of homosexuals will show that it is defined as a sexual orientation with romantic love and sexual desire of the same sex or gender. When a person falls in love with another person, a decision must be made to love the person. Homosexuality is a decision. The gay person decides to fall in love with another person of his or her same gender. This is the same as if a person decides to never date a person or if a person decides to fall in love with another person of a difference sex. Since it is a decision, people should not receive certain rights because they make a decision. Many homosexuals and minorities are rejected jobs and other freedoms so many people believe they should have rights as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. However, it is important to remember that homosexuals decide whether they want to have a love life with a member of the same sex."
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The Falun Gong of China, 2007.
This paper discusses the puzzle of the complex role of the Falun Gong religious movement in contemporary China.
3,595 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the rise of Falun Gong, its history, fundamental principles and practices and its situation with respect to older Chinese religious traditions, such as Taoism and Buddhism. The author points out that the Falun Gong, which is little over a decade old, was founded in 1992 by Li Hongzhi, a minor provincial bureaucrat who began practicing a variation of traditional Chinese qigong exercises in the 1980s and rapidly rose to prominence. The paper concludes that, although it appears clear that religious violence in the form of martyrdom is a component of the Falun Gong movement's protests against the Chinese government, the nature of the Falun Gong's political threat is more ambiguous.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Rise of Falun Gong
Spirituality and Religious Synthesis in Falun Gong
Religious Violence and Nonviolence: The Problem of Falun Gong
Conclusion
From the Paper
"By 1996 Li's books, spreading these ideas about the powers that Falun Gong offered its adherents, were selling millions of copies in China. This year also marked the beginning of the Chinese state crackdown on Falun Gong - and all qigong movements - with the banning of Li's works and tight controls on public displays of qigong. In 1998 Li emigrated to the United States in order to practise his system more freely. A year later, President Jiang Zemin outlaws Falun Gong and orders it "smashed" in China."
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William Paley, 2007.
A review of William Paley's arguments of the divine design of the Universe.
867 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at William Paley's conception that the design and purpose of the universe is such that it is impossible for anything other than an omniscient designer to be responsible for its formulation. Specifically, the paper argues that Paley's theory about a divine creator falters for the reason that the teleological arguments upon which it is based depends upon a number of assumptions that are both un-provable and arbitrary.
From the Paper
"In closing, it seems clear that Paley's argument is fraught with difficulty. Not least of all, he rests it upon a number of complacent, subjective and anthropomorphic assumptions that are ultimately un-provable and therefore unsatisfactory as defenses for intelligent design. Not to be overlooked, Cline argues that Paley simply "takes it for granted" that human beings can actually divine that there is a purpose to the universe; such a view is problematic inasmuch as we really have no way of knowing what purposes were in the "mind" of the "creator" who brought the universe into being (assuming such a thing happened) whereas we are all aware that watch-makers who put watches together are clearly guided by the design purpose of building a watch. In the final analysis, Mr. Paley's work is a noble effort, but it cannot be supported after a careful review."
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Women's Literature, 2007.
This paper discusses the most important social and political issues that confronted twentieth century female writers.
918 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the works of Eavan Boland, Sharon Olds, Stevie Smith and Margaret Atwood. The paper examines the imperatives of Christianity, the notion of women as physical adornments and the concept that women since the time of Eve have been blamed for many things and compelled to accept a man as their lord and master on earth. The paper considers that the social upheavals of the twentieth century had their origins in the rejection of Christian patriarchy and suggests that the writers mentioned above played a key role in that revolution.
From the Paper
"Eavan Boland's work seems preoccupied with Christianity, as well as with the burdens women must bear in a society in which they are identified by their bodies. Christianity is still the predominant religion in America, as it was throughout the twentieth century. In "Anorexic," Boland comments about a woman grappling with an eating disorder. Not only does it touch upon the suffering and privation of anorexia, it also uses Christian imagery to convey the sort of self-sacrifice involved. Boland writes "Flesh is Heretic / My Body is a Witch/I am burning it . . . . I will grow / Angular and Holy" (lines 1-3, 34-36)."
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Catholic Belief, 2007.
This paper discuses, based on Catholic belief, the ways Jesus expresses God.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Catholic belief states that Jesus did not divide himself into three different parts--the Father, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit--but rather Jesus continually reflected the wishes of his Father. The author points out that beginning with the first miracle Jesus performed until his last miracle on earth, the purpose of each miracle was to glorify God and to show that his authority came from God. The paper relates that Jesus agreed to come to earth as a baby, perform a ministry and to be crucified to express the glory of God, which continues today. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Miracles of Jesus and How They Expressed God
Jesus' Love Reflects God
Jesus Reflects God by His Ministry
From the Paper
"Jesus expresses his love for mankind by becoming a human. "At the same time the Church has always acknowledged that in the body of Jesus 'we see our God made visible and so are caught up in the love of the God we cannot see." The church recognizes the love Jesus had for mankind because the human form of Jesus was created as a gift of love to mankind. The human form of Jesus showed the individual characteristics God has toward people including his great love. Jesus as a human expresses the divine nature of God."
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Religion in Japanese Culture, 2007.
This paper discuses two major religions in Japanese culture---Shinto and Buddhism.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that religion in Japan is an amalgamation of various historical influences that has evolved over the last approximate 2000 years. The paper states that the major religions are Shinto, Daoism, Buddhism and more recently Christianity. The author points out that the historical relationship between Japan's imperial symbol and the Shinto faith is causing an ongoing international disturbance in contemporary foreign relations between Japan and its war-time victims. The paper relates that Buddhism, which has been predominant in Japan's culture because of its very early association with Confucianism, was never complicated by any connection with the divinity of the Emperor; thus, for Japan's neighbors, Buddhism is largely viewed as a common cultural thread.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Shinto
Buddhism
From the Paper
"Japan's Prime Minister, Junichiro Koizumi, has taken it upon himself to visit the Yasukuni Shinto Shrine in Japan on several occasions. Ostensibly, Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine are to pay respects to Japan's war dead, which is a fairly innocuous act in itself but because of the religious, national, and historical combination of Shinto and the Japanese state, this act is viewed as disrespectful by Japan's war-time victims. Although Shinto had been associated with the state and the imperial throne since the 4th century A.D., in 1868 Shinto was made the official religion during the Meiji Restoration and in 1869 the Yasukuni Shrine was erected."
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Women in Islam, 2007.
A look at the attitudes towards married women in Islam.
1,343 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the treatment of married Muslim women who live under the dictates of Islamic law. In particular, it looks briefly at marital issues such as polygamy, feminine "modesty" in marriage (specifically the wearing of the traditional veil) and at the matter of domestic violence and whether the Koran specifically permits such acts. In addition, it discusses divorce as it exists under the tenets of the Koran and some time is devoted to the contentious issue of Sharia law and what it portends for Muslim women living in modern western states, specifically Canada.
From the Paper
"Additionally, the Koran does not encourage violence against wives - at least according to a small group of feminist scholars who have examined the Holy Text. Specifically, they cite Chapters XVI and LXXXI along with Chapter IV which all indicate that women are to be not be "ill-treated" and that relationships between men and women should be characterized by charity and sharing. Furthermore, the "Hadith" or "Sayings of the Prophets" emphasize that only "wicked men" insult women and that the "most perfect believers" were those who treated their wives compassionately. "
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Theology, 2007.
This paper offers a personal theological view on several controversial issues.
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses how blood is viewed in different sources, such as the Old Testament and New Testament. The writer notes that it is clear in the Bible that God detests the shedding of innocent blood. This paper includes the writer's personal view of aspects such as euthanasia and abortion. The writer argues that we should use our lives to glorify God and that in many matters one should let the Ultimate Judge who is God settle the matters on His own.
From the Paper
"Crimes are prevalent nowadays because of avarice. Man's insatiable thirst for wealth and his desire to want more may make him do things inconceivable. Criminals like robbers kill innocent people because of their love for money. Some also kill out of fear. The rulers in the Old Testament killed their rivals. They feared to be toppled down and ousted. They feared the loss of their power."
"Personally, I agree with the Biblical texts. I think that shedding of innocent blood is utterly inhumane and contrary to what God originally designed man to do. Man is created in the image and likeness of God; hence, we should be godly in all our actions, and we should not shed innocent blood. In everything we do, we should bear in mind that we radiate God's image in us."
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Romans 5: 1-11, 2007.
This paper discusses the historical background of the text Romans 5: 1-11.
3,321 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the genre of a work can provide important clues to the meaning of a passage. The writer also notes that theologian, James D. G. Dunn, suggests that the church kept Romans because of its distinctiveness, rather than its conformity to any particular literary form. The writer then points out that the genre of the text Romans 5: 1-11 is an address to Christians and Christian Jews in Rome, shortly after Jews returned to Rome, after being expelled by Claudius. The paper provides an analysis of the background of the writing using historical clues in the text and concludes that unity and reconciliation are the central themes of this passage. Additionally, the paper explains that Paul is talking about the reconciliation with God that takes place when a person accepts Christ into their life. Further, the writer claims that he is also talking about the necessary reconciliation between the Jews and Christians in Rome.
Outline:
Commentary
Context of the Passage
Paul's Purpose in Writing
From the Paper
"In verses 3 and 4, Paul refers to the future and to the present. This suggests that the term "hope" indeed means an event with a degree of certainty. Paul states a certainty that nothing in the present can change this future, if we possess the Spirit. Paul talks about our trials and tribulations, reminding us that through these trials and tribulations, we receive endurance and character. When Paul talks about "hope" he is referring to heaven and the reward that we will receive when our time on earth is complete. Only through keeping the faith will be able to build endurance and character."
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Spirituality in the Workplace, 2007.
A research paper on spirituality in the workplace.
8,070 words (approx. 32.3 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 173.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the study of spirituality in the workplace is no longer seen as a peripheral concern in management but rather as a subject that can throw considerable understanding on managerial issues and the process of leadership, as well as on learning processes in the workplace and organization. The author explains that this study investigates the relationship of spirituality to aspects of leadership and management such as morality, stress, ethics and unawareness of human welfare. The paper states that the methodology for this quantitative research uses face-to-face interviews with twenty managerial professionals in the commercial aviation services. The paper includes several quotations and the research questions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Problem Statement
Purpose
Significance
Nature of the Study
Research Questions
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Definitions
Spirituality
Detachment and "Letting Go"
Assumptions
Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another very significant aspect of the theoretical foundations of this study is that there is a sense of progression or movement from a sense of "pure" spiritually to an "applied" spirituality. This means that true inner and subjective spiritual experience is a central motivating force in the manifestation of that spirituality in life and work. Therefore "applied" spirituality is in reality inner spirituality in action in the external world. This aspect has enormous implications for the present study as it suggests that the inner significance of spiritual experiential aspects such as detachment or " letting go" (Zazen in Zen Buddhism ) as a deeply felt experience in the subjective nature of the individual, is translated into understanding and action which can practically improve leadership capabilities and interaction in the workplace."
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Buddhist Art and Spirituality, 2007.
An analysis of the concept of the bodhisattvas as their place in Buddhist art and spirituality.
874 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Buddhist art and spirituality, particularly the concept of the Bodhisattva. It describes the history of the idea of the Bodhisattva and its definition. The paper then describes depictions of the bodhisattvas and their place in Buddhist worship. The paper also shows how the bodhisattvas varied from China to Japan, depending on the needs of the people.
From the Paper
"From the Indian Subcontinent, Mahayana Buddhism spread from China to Japan and adapted itself to the religious needs and traditions of that nation. Japan developed its own pantheon of individuals who forestalled their enlightenment to help others find nirvana. For example, the Bodhisattva Jizo Bosatsu is the Japanese "Bodhisattva of the Earth Womb" and a "savior bodhisattva, who guides the faithful and helps those in hell. In Japan, he is also worshiped as the protector of women, children, and travelers. Stone statues of the bodhisattva are often placed at crossroads" to help travelers physically navigate the roads, and also encourage them to seek the path of enlightenment ("Jizo," Asian Art Outlook, 2002). This highlights the practical function of the bodhisattva in worship, but also shows how even a worldly depiction of this religious figure as a traveler's guide is not lacking in spirituality."
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Revelation, 2007.
An analysis of Christopher A. Frilingos' explanations of the Book of Revelations in his work "Spectacles of Empire: Monsters, Martyrs and the Book of Revelation."
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Book of Revelation. It analyzes Christopher A. Frilingos' view of the content of the book as described in his work "Spectacles of Empire: Monsters, Martyrs and the Book of Revelation." The paper analyzes Frilingos' explanations of Revelation's relationship to its ancient environment as well as Frilingos' examination of the text.
From the Paper
"In the opening of the work, Frilingos offers a synopsis of the dominant opinion of theologians on the nature of the Book of Revelations and then quickly moves on to his argument. Offering the dominant scholarly interpretation in such a dismissive way does lend credence to the work but could be more fully explained, as the author, intent on changing minds quickly switches his focus to his own thesis and remains there throughout the text. The work raises a whole list of issues for further discussion as it puts cannon in light of a more full idea of context, available today through extensive literary and historical analysis that was previously unavailable. I was convinced that the author was defiantly on to something with his interpretation of the Book of Revelation, as through careful documentation one can easily see how the work may have been utilized as a persuasive tool to introduce outsiders to Christianity in a manner that was befitting their dominant and possibly crumbling culture."
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Lincoln and Jefferson, 2007.
An analysis of Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson's belief in God and its impact on their presidency.
1,882 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses the core beliefs of President Abraham Lincoln and President Thomas Jefferson. The paper particularly focuses on their belief in God as the one great Creator of mankind and it discusses how these beliefs impacted their presidency. The paper looks at the writings of the two Presidents and shows how their writings supports their beliefs.
From the Paper
"That our founding fathers, including Jefferson, so firmly believed in an Almighty creator who had gifted unto men the unalterable right to govern themselves is quite evident. That Lincoln believed the same way is just as evident in his writings and speeches. The question then becomes, is modern society so far removed from those beliefs that the Constitution is rendered useless? The answer would be an emphatic no. That such a question can even be asked (and answered) is a primary source for a continuing belief in the inspired nature of the Constitution."
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Creation, 2007.
A comparison of Sumerian, Babylonian and Egyptian creation myths
2,262 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the Sumerian, Babylonian and Egyptian myths regarding the creation of the world. It analyzes each creation myth individually and then compares the central elements and cardinal features found in them. The paper emphasizes the main themes of each myth and discusses the history and background of each of the myths.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Sumerian Creation Myths
Babylonian Creation Myths
The Egyptian Myths
Comparison And Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another theme is the conflict between the gods which accompanies this division and disruption. Lastly we have the creation of the various parts of the universe, the earth and humanity; usually aligned with the qualities or powers of the different gods. This is followed by the creation and the maintenance of order. While this is a rather simplistic overview of these complex myths it does serve to show that these important mythological structures have central and cardinal points of similarity and this in turn suggests that the view of creation has some common origins and views in different cultures."
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Sufism, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between Islam and Sufism.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and compares Islam and Sufism. It begins by discussing the history and development of Sufism. It then describes the relationship between Islam and Sufism and compares how they are similar and how they differ. The paper also looks at the disagreements that arise among scholars, the faithful followers and others in their opinion of this relationship.
From the Paper
"It is however understandable that Western influences may be the reason for the extreme and negative feelings of the orthodoxy against Sufism. Indeed, these influences detract from the original Islam to a point where Sufism becomes unrecognizable as originating from Islam. One can therefore understand that the orthodoxy would wish to preserve the purity of Islam by separating themselves completely from this form of Sufism."
"However, as Keller also points out, this tends towards a very narrow viewpoint, in which the orthodoxy does not allow for Sufism in any form. Keller affirms that such critics should instead adhere to what is good about Sufism, rather than discarding both the good and the bad by rejecting the direction of worship altogether."
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Islam and Christianity, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the rituals and practices of Islam and Christianity.
2,943 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history and creeds of both Islam and Christianity. In particular, it examines the impact of religion on a Muslim assimilated man living in America and how he keeps a mixture of the two faiths.
From the Paper
"Muhammad is originally from Mecca and one would think that the visions and messages he had as well as the teachings would be accepted by those from his hometown. Unfortunately, it was rejected at first thereby making the Prophet decide to travel to Medina, known as the City of Prophet, and propagate the religion there. The move from Mecca to Medina "is known as the Hijirat or 'the flight.' It marks the turning point in Islam and serves as the beginning date on Islamic calendars. (Wenner, 2001)" Upon the Prophet's death, there was no clear direction as to who would be his successor. There were confusions as to who is the worthy successor considering some sectors claim that one his original converts should lead while others thought the successor must come from one of the powerful political families. "
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Council of Trent, 2007.
A description of the impact of the Council of Trent on the Catholic Church.
1,437 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Council of Trent, which in its official form, lasted roughly from 1545-1563 and marked the beginning of a long road of reformation within the Catholic Church. It describes the purpose of the council, as well as its work and achievements within the Church.
From the Paper
"According to one experts the point of the development of the ideals that were realized through the reformative period that culminate in the Council of Trent was to take from the Renaissance the power it had stripped from the church by utilizing its own methods to combat it, hence "Christian Humanism." (Janelle 34)"
"Regardless of the terminology used to describe the Council of Trent it is essential to understand that it marks a turning point that was only partly influenced by outside sources, such as those of the Protestant Reformers and the various deemed heresies that were spreading across the world. The Council marks a point where centuries of demands for reform came to fruition and began to take shape in real doctrinal guidance."
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