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North Carolina State Governance, 2007. An analysis of the divisions and roles of the North Carolina State government. 934 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper overviews North Carolina State governance. It discusses the divisions of power between the different branches of the government of the state and how these powers are allocated. It discusses the differences between the legislative, executive and judicial branches and their roles in state government. It then goes on to describe the structure and powers that the cities, counties and other forms of local government have in the state.
Table of Contents:
Separation Of Powers And Checks And Balances Between The Individual Branches Of Government
The Delegation Of Authority To Local Governments
From the Paper "In both Texas and North Carolina, specific matters pertaining to education are by and large, the provinces of local governments. Local governments have the ability to determine the allocation of educational resources financially, although schools must meet certain standards, such as the student body's need to meet certain state graduation standards. Also, schools must meet state safety standards. For example, in Texas on October 9, 2006, Lt. Governor David Dewhurst announced at a press conference he would submit a proposal to the legislature that would require all public schools in Texas to be equipped with an automated external defibrillator, to ensure the safety and security of all Texas high school students. Thus it is difficult to make absolute statements about certain areas of citizen life into which the state cannot transgress, as the state's responsibility for the welfare of its citizens may often overlap with local matters."
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Public Policy-Making Process, 2006. A review of public policy making and the public policy-making process. 2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 66.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the process of public policy making. According to the paper, the policy making process that occurs in governmental organizations is a complex process that involves many organizations and entities, and is inclusive of several stages in the policy-making process. The paper further discusses the thesis of Charles E. Lindblom and Edward Woodhouse.
Outline:
Introduction
The Nature of Policy
Different Kinds of Policy Analysis
How Perceived Problems gets on the Public Agenda
The Major Players in the Process
The Decision-Making Processes Used to Adopt Policies
The Environment Within Which Policy Must Take Place
How Federalism Impacts the Policy-Making Process
Assessment of the Process Using the Thesis of Lindblom and Woodhouse
From the Paper "Policy analysis is stated to have its limitations in the work of Lindblom and Woodhouse and the policy-makers are generally given too much advice or information which is incidentally extensive but does not offer a contrary or different point of view. Another limitation exists in the fact that while one group would hold that the correct action was taken yet another group would believe that the action was incorrect and this is based on individual reasoning. Stated is: "There runs a deep and wide river of information and opinion fed by many springs, from formal research projects to letters to the editor, some of which makes it way into the thinking of those with direct influence over policy." [p.15]"
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Socialist Popularity, 2007. A look at why socialism is popular in Western Europe but not so popular in the US. 984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer presents an examination of socialist parties and looks at why they have been so much more successful in Western Europe than in the United States. The writer explores the basis for the party foundation and examines the fear Americans have of such beliefs. The writer maintains that as long as the American Dream remains the pot at the end of the rainbow for the millions who hear about America, socialism will most likely remain a theory that is popular elsewhere. The writer concludes that while Western Europe struggled with its identity and its need to rebuild following the wars it was involved in, the idea seemed feasible and the concept gained popularity and a significant measure of success for many decades.
Outline:
Introduction
Socialism
Why it Worked in Europe
Conclusion
From the Paper "For the most part, the Western world is divided into two types of regime, socialist and democratic. The United States has been under a democratic form of government since its inception while areas of Western Europe have been highly loyal to the socialist form of government. The socialist form of government while thriving in Western Europe has failed to garner any significant support in the United States. One will find if one examines the societies that the people's desires, goals, ambitions and concerns are not that different. The difference between the two areas when it comes to the socialist parties is not the people, but the stagnation already being experienced when socialism was first introduced as a viable option."
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McCullough v. Maryland, 2007. This paper describes the significance of the US Supreme Court decision in McCullough v. Maryland. 1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95 »
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Abstract In this paper the author argues that McCullough v. Maryland was one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in history. The paper gives a background to the case, which began in 1791, and shows how the decision applies in modern times. The author describes the difficulties for today's audiences to understand the case's importance. Therefore, the writer stresses understanding the case's principles, not details.
From the Paper "From a modern perspective, it can be difficult to understand the key issues that the Supreme Court resolved in the dispute. First, a modern audience may have a difficult time understanding why the states had an issue with the idea of a national bank. However, in the time period immediately following the Revolutionary War there was a huge dispute in the Federal government regarding the Federal government's ability to run such a bank..."
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Colin Powell, 2007. A portrait of Colin Powell, one of the most popular military and political figures of this generation. 2,086 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses Colin Powell's background as a poor African-American in the Bronx in New York City who rose to attain one of the most powerful positions in the United States government. The paper looks at his impressive military record and shows how Powell became a key figure in many military and diplomatic endeavors. The paper points out that despite his military record and role in the Bush team that began the war in Iraq, many Americans perceive Powell as being the voice of peace and dissent in the Bush White House. The paper concludes that Powell's commitment to hard work, careful advising, diplomacy and might when necessary has made him one of the most popular and distinguished soldiers and statesmen of the 21st century.
From the Paper "General Colin L. Powell is a study in contrasts in many ways. He has enjoyed a distinguished career in the United States Military, many high-ranking political positions including Secretary of State, and as the founder and chairman of the charitable group America's Promise. He is, arguably, one of the most popular military and political figures of this generation, but his reluctance in those roles is one of the most noticeable characteristics of his service. Although he was nudged by scandal on a few occasions, it rolled off him and never became part of his great legacy."
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Government Budgets, 2006. This paper compares the government budgets of Clark County in Nevada, the State of Nevada and the White House's Office of Budget and Management. 1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that all the budgets of governmental agencies share the goals of significantly cutting costs, reducing their scope of operations through outsourcing and improving flexibility and responsiveness through the empowerment of management. The author points out that technological advances in information technology and information systems, supported by increased user expertise and familiarity with technology, have allowed budget management to break away from its traditional constraints but have forced many governmental agencies to establish management control mechanisms. The paper details each of the budgets from Clark County in Nevada, which is the smallest in terms of revenues and expenditures, to the larger budget of the State of Nevada and to the largest budget, which is the White House's Office of Budget and Management.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nevada's Clark County
State of Nevada
The White House's Office of Budget and Management
From the Paper "In order to increase revenues, Clark County has instituted their Capital Improvement Program (CIP), a five year plan which is reviewed and updated annually in conjunction with the preparation of the County's operating budget. The CIP's mission is to finance infrastructure improvements, government facility construction, and equipment acquisition. The goals of CIP are to: 1) access capital needs; 2) identify funding sources for those capital projects/programs, which will provide the greatest return on investment in terms of meeting the increasing demand for infrastructure, public facilities and services; 3) establish priorities among projects to increase the utility of County resources; 4) improve financial planning through disclosure of future bond issues and assessment of fiscal impact."
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Bureaucracy and Economics, 2007. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the bureaucratic system as it is relates to economics. 829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95 »
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Abstract The paper reviews the situation in sub-Saharan Africa, Bangladesh and illustrates the consequences of bureaucratic corruption. The paper shows how this results in poverty and in the growth of the country's economy being greatly deterred. The paper concludes that a bureaucratic system that is not corrupt has much to offer a country, while a corrupt bureaucracy drains the country of growth potential and hope.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Sub-Saharan Africa Bureaucratic Corruption
Blackburn and Forgues-Puccio
Results of Bureaucratic Corruption in Bangladesh
Empirical Studies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "In the Nigerian Village Square article entitled: "The Effects of Bureaucratic Corruption on Economic Development: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa" examined are "the incidence and causes of bureaucratic corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa" and the results or consequences on "economic development" in that area of Africa. Stated to be results of that corruption are "underdeveloped human and natural resources, extremely low levels of productivity, inability to attract and sustain direct foreign investment, continuous mismatch of capital and needs, and deplorable infrastructures. (Klitgaard, 1990; as cited by Ifediora, 2005)"
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Demographics in the Chicano Population, 2007. This paper examines statistics regarding the Chicano population in the United States. 788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract This paper considers several aspects of the growing Chicano population in America. The author presents numerous statistics about the growth of this population and the various causes for this growth. Additionally, the paper includes information regarding education and employment. The paper also considers policy-making regarding the welfare of the Mexican-American population. The author sees this as a primary concern in policy-making for the 21st century.
From the Paper " Public education and welfare are the other major issues for policy-making in the 21st century (Baker). Realistic allocations can be made only when based on true population composition. This is illustrated by a recent decision not to adjust the 1990 US Census Bureau statistics, which disproportionately omit US Latino-residents and, as a result, understate the population bases on which congressional representation and decisions on program funding are made. This kind of resistance has repeatedly resulted in an incomplete policy agenda and the formation of the appropriate and responsive management of demographic change. The fast-aging character of the American population places the burden of caring for the elderly on minorities and immigrants. Current and projected demographic patterns indicate that the economic success of the nation depends more and more on the fate of the growing Chicano population. Their education and welfare can, therefore, not be ignored by policymakers (Baker)."
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No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, 2006. This paper argues that the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 has a negative impact on teachers, students and parents. 2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 79.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that there are many positive goals associated with the NCLB Act; however, the Act ultimately takes the control of classrooms away from the schools, teachers, parents, and communities who are directly accountable to the children. The author points out that the national standards are forcing schools to move away from creative, individualized and caring programs, where teachers learn about each child's learning style, towards a generic program for all students. The paper states that schools are forced to eliminate excellent programs, which work under the challenging conditions of poverty and disease, and instead implement programs, which are effective simply because the groups being served are not as challenging.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Results of the Act
Impact on Assessment
Impact on Equity
Impact on Teachers, Parents and Schools
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to Robert Linn, the criterion of equity needs to be applied to any assessment. It is a mistake to assume that shifting from standardized tests to performance-based assessments will eliminate concerns about biases against racial/ethnic minorities or that such a shift will necessarily lead to equality of performance. Although many at-risk students come to school deficient in prior knowledge that is important to school achievement, teachers and schools can make a substantial difference through the construction of assessments that take into account the vast diversity of today's student populations."
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Autonomy of the Law, 2007. This paper highlights the independence of the judiciary as an important pillar of the US government. 1,894 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the autonomy of the judiciary branch of the US government. The author presents a brief history as to how this independence was established and further discusses the importance of its autonomy. Several different perspectives of the judiciary system are considered.
Outline:
Introduction
Roosevelt's' New Deal Plan & Courts
The Internalist Approach
The Externalist Approach
Courts Handling of Commerce Power Issues
United States v. Lopez
Heart of Atlanta (Motel) v. the United States
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper "The executive, legislature and judiciary are the three branches of the national government in United States. Speaking on the occasion of 2003 Law-Day, President Bush highlighted the independence of the judiciary as an important pillar of the administrative system. He said, "Our constitutional system of separation of powers places careful limits on the powers of judges and separates the responsibilities of making laws and interpreting laws between the Legislative and Judicial branches. Independent Federal judges have the autonomy to make decisions and interpret the law unfettered by outside influences. In this way, we are assured that our laws will be interpreted justly and applied with uniformity". "
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United States Army Special Operations, 2006. This paper discusses the history of the special operations unit of the United States Army. 1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the operational elements of the Army Special Forces can be traced to the units of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services, OSS, which infiltrated metropolitan France during World War II. The author points out that the Army's Special Forces, referred to as the legendary Green Berets, consist of a unique, unconventional combat arms organization, which are considered the most versatile special operations soldiers in the world. The paper relates that, today, special forces units, referred to as the "Quiet Professionals", are deployed throughout the world where they display their dominance through their unconventional warfare expertise and provide humanitarian assistance and training to indigenous forces.
From the Paper "After World War II, Colonel Aaron Bank, Colonel Wendell Fertig and LTC Russell Volckmann took their OSS experience and formulated the principles of "unconventional warfare" that became the foundation of the Special Forces. According to the Army's official Lineage and Honors, the Special Forces Groups are linked to the regiments of the First Special Service Force, that elite group of Canadian-American forces who fought in North Africa, Italy, and Southern France. The SF sprung from the Special Operations Division of the Psychological Warfare Center that was established at Fort Bragg, North Carolina in May 1952, now known as the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School."
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Preferential Treatment for Disabled Veterans, 2007. This paper examines whether disabled veterans should receive preferential treatment over better qualified candidates. 1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 48.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses whether veterans returning from Iraq with disabilities, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, should receive preferential treatment in securing employment. This paper further provides a comparison of the affirmative action programs for veterans, minorities and women, followed by an analysis of the deontological and utilitarian aspects of these human resource initiatives. The author concludes that affirmative action for veterans is weak compared to other programs for women and minorities.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Utilitarian and Deontological Considerations
Conclusions
From the Paper "By sharp contrast, affirmative action programs for women and minorities are of fairly recent origin. According to Cohen and Sterba (2003), less than two months after assuming office, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961 that established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity; the goal of this initiative was to end discrimination in employment by the federal government and its contractors. This presidential mandate, which is still in effect today, requires every federal contract from that time forward to include the following pledge: "The Contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin" (Executive Order 10925, 1961, cited in Cohen & Sterba, 2003, p. 12). While these words had been used in federal legislation in the past such as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, it was the mandate of President Kennedy that created the national commitment to "affirmative action" to take those steps necessary to eliminate all preference by race (Cohen & Sterba, 2003). Affirmative action programs for women and minorities assume a large variety of forms today, ranging from conducting more aggressive recruiting efforts in ethnic communities to mandating a specific number of positions be set aside specifically for female and minority candidates (Beckwith & Jones, 1997). Many states have established comparable affirmative action programs for women, minorities and disabled veterans that have recently been confirmed as constitutional as well (Muhl, 1999). "
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State and Federal Employment Systems, 2006. A comparison between federal employment laws and New Hampshire state laws of employment. 1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95 »
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Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of employment law. Specifically the paper discusses how the federal and New Hampshire state systems of government may or may not differ in their application of employment laws. Federal employment laws set the standard for most state laws.
From the Paper "New Hampshire also has a statute regarding "displaced homemakers" that covers older women who may have been absent from the workforce for many years, and are suddenly displaced due to death, divorce, or other occurrences. The state offers assistance to these women, training for new jobs, and employment assistance. This is also a statute that is not represented in the federal employment laws. It is clear this must be a problem in New Hampshire because lawmakers felt it needed to be addressed. This statue originally took effect in 1979, so it seems New Hampshire is more forward thinking than many other states who do not yet address this issue."
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Darfur Refugees, 2007. This paper discusses the issue of the Darfur refugees as a world problem. 3,357 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 95.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer reports that many refugees are leaving Darfur and moving to other places to attempt to escape the fighting. Further, the writer notes that this is a serious world problem and states that it is important here to understand not only the refugees, but the conflict that has made them flee, as well. The writer examines the history and statistics of the conflict in Darfur. The writer concludes that the only thing that can realistically take place is to stop the conflict in the Darfur region so that these individuals can return to their homes without fear of being raped, robbed, or killed, and without fear that these same atrocities may be committed on their children.
From the Paper "As for the refugees that are leaving Darfur, the largest majority of them are Africans that are non-Arab, and they are running from the attacks of the Janjaweed Arabs. However, there have also been perpetrators of these attacks that are non-Arab as well as victims that are proclaimed Arabs. The individuals on both sides of the fighting are generally black, and the distinction that is seen in the news media between those that are Arab and those that are non-Arab in disputed by a great many people, as well as the Sudanese government. It is believed by these disputants that the Western world and the Western media do not really understand the difference, and therefore get the distinctions wrong quite often. The labeling of Arabs and non-Arabs has also been criticized due to the fact that it makes the conflict appear to be purely racial in motivation, and experts say that there are other important reasons for the conflict, such as the competition that is seen between the nomadic cattle-herders and the farmers, because they are both fighting for resources that are very scarce in the region."
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Reporting Rape in California, 2007. This paper discusses the statute of limitations on reporting rape in California. 1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract In this essay, the writer explains that the statutes of limitations are designed to establish time periods during which the government or the plaintiff can file a suit in either criminal or civil matters, and these statutes vary based on the crime that was committed and the state that the crime was committed in. The writer points out that in California, for example, the statute of limitations on rape is three years. However, the writer notes that there may be extenuating circumstances that take place that allow someone to file suit after the three-year period has expired. The writer concludes that while sympathy must be extended to the victim of a rape or any violent crime, there must also be realism in the way that the justice system for the state of California operates, and this means that there has to be a statute of limitations.
From the Paper "It is generally assumed that, once a statute of limitations has expired, the person that allegedly committed the crime, whether actually guilty of it or not, cannot be prosecuted for that crime. There are specific reasons for the statute of limitations, however, that are important to discuss. These generally involve considerations regarding evidence. After too much time has passed, evidence that either supports the prosecution or assists the defense may no longer be available, and the receiving of a fair trial may also be impossible. In cases such as rape, there is specific evidence that can be collected right after the event has occurred that will not be available later, but the three-year time period actually gives a great deal of time for the victim of the attack to determine whether he or she wants to step forward and go public enough to alert the police and possibly be required to testify at a trial if enough evidence is found."
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Social Welfare, 2007. This paper explores the philosophy of social welfare today. 1,017 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how individual behavior plays a major role in accepting the system of social protection and compensation. The paper shows how when the state takes on the obligation of being the main social protection provider, it can prove to be rather risky for any economic system. The paper explains that it is difficult to consider what would be a favorable political philosophy concerning social welfare. The paper suggests that each political administration should focus their social policy on the immediate and medium term needs of the society. At the same time, it should not disregard any of the social segments in need of help and should respect, above all, basic human rights.
From the Paper "Baruch Spinoza once affirmed that "Man is a social animal", thus he cannot live outside the social ring that such an environment creates. By giving away part of his natural freedom and entrusting a distinctive authority to govern its interest, man had signed the social contract and established the state. However, politics has most often played a part in determining the actions of this authority. Despite a democratic system, some measures which otherwise would ensure a higher protection of fundamental rights, can be weakened by more liberal measures or less orientated towards the well being of the man. These are motivated by increased attempts to create conditions for a more independent social individual. Different doctrines implement various actions, some at opposing ends of the social security system. It may be thus necessary for a combination of both economic measures which would ensure the graduate transformation of the society, but at the same time, offer relief for those who cannot support themselves."
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Economics of Healthcare and Education Reform, 2006. This paper argues that proposals, such as national healthcare and asset models for education, are noble attempts to fix inequities in the United States, but economic realities, namely resource constraints, make them impractical. 800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that, although critics of the American system point out that there are too many poor, uninsured Americans and claim that national health care would eliminate this problems while providing better service at a lower cost, evidence shows that taxes would skyrocket and healthcare services would deteriorate under national healthcare. The author relates that critics of the U.S. education system attack the deficit model of education for reinforcing negative stereotypes about minority and urban youth and want to replace it with an asset model that builds learning strategies around the personal skills, interests, language and culture of individual students. The paper stresses that implementation of the asset model would call for additional funding to add teachers, but budget reductions is the current educational trend in at least 29 states.
From the Paper "Four minority groups, Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans, dominate the population of 185 counties and 2,000 towns and cities. And, there's increasing immigration from Central and South America, the Caribbean Islands, East Asia, and Slavic countries such as Russia. Given this diversity and the student to teacher ratios, it's difficult to imagine how teachers could possibly understand the dynamic and diverse social relationships of family, friendship and community that are unique to each group and incorporate them into their teaching."
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Health System and (In)Justice, 2006. A review of the inequalities and the injustice present in the U.S. health system. 1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the U.S. health policies and institutions, intended to treat the sick, take care of the people with disabilities and support the senior citizens. According to the paper, access to the health system is sometimes guaranteed for all citizens, and other times it depends on the contribution made to the health funds. The paper discusses how the quality of health services differ from person to person, depending on their socio-economic status and their personal features (such as race or sex).
From the Paper "Still, it is more than attitude involved here. The situations can be extremely varied, depending on many factors, from one place to another. In third world countries (and if we only think about the genital mutilation practices still existing in some African countries), or in places where the role of women is of little importance, or where the education is scarce, or where the resources are limited - to discuss about inequalities in health here would be almost redundant, since inequality is part of every aspect of life. Nonetheless, the health system is filled with injustices even in the developed countries, where, for example, the life expectancy is shortened by socioeconomic disadvantages. "
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Wiretapping, 2007. This paper questions justifications used by the Bush administration for secret surveillance programs. 837 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the argument that Bush's actions authorizing the surveillance of citizens are constitutional as they provide for common defense and ensure domestic tranquility. The writer explains that this is the argument put forth by proponents of Bush's orders authorizing secret wiretaps of private citizens and circumventing the established legal process for spying on individuals by the government. The writer discusses that some argue that the executive power vested in Bush allows him to circumvent the very document from which he gains that power, the Constitution itself. The writer claims that this logic is inherently flawed and examines three arguments as to why justifying the constitutionality of Bush's actions in this way is incorrect.
From the Paper "The second rationale used by supporters of the surveillance program has been a defense of previous instances of constitutional violations in the name of security. The suspension of constitutionally-guaranteed rights during wartime, however, has been used only rarely during the history of our nation, most memorably when Abraham Lincoln ordered the suspension of habeas corpus, or the right to be presented with proof of why one is being incarcerated, during the Civil War. The rights of Japanese Americans were significantly violated during the internments during World War II, with executive blessing, but the government has issued an official apology for this action and deemed it a mistake, offering millions in reparations to the affected citizens and their families. The suspension of any civil liberties requires the most stringent of oversight to ensure that no freedom is unnecessarily violated, and cannot possibly be expected to be conducted fairly through the veil of secrecy under which the wiretapping programs were administered."
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