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Public Health Partnerships, 2008.
Looks at various types of public health partnerships using examples of two public health partnerships, "Dangerous Decibels" and the UNAIDS "Phones for Health".
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper begins discussing the various types of public health partnerships. This is followed by an examination of two public health partnerships that have current projects underway. The first is "Dangerous Decibels", a partnership aimed at promoting education of hearing loss among grade school children. The second is the recent collaboration of UNAIDS (a joint United Nations project on AIDs) with several private enterprises for the purpose of fighting AIDS in Africa through a project known as "Phones for Health". A conclusion is then drawn regarding the differences between these two programs, followed by an overall assessment of the topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Types of Partnerships
Dangerous Decibels
UNAIDS-Phones for Health
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Such brick and mortar projects highlight land use and geographic considerations and therefore local politics. That makes involvement in party politics a highly salient and legitimate activity for community development organizations. Their claim to represent the interest of a geographic community further propels them into political involvement. They often find themselves mediating or directly involved in politics as partisans in inter- or intra-community conflicts. Many such conflicts mobilize local politicians who may use their control over public spending for community development to reward supporters and punish opponents."
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Power, Institutions, and the Role of Public Administration, 2008.
A review of the role of public administration in society, as an instrument of the state, in assisting citizens.
2,614 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
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Eight Years of Triangulation, 2007.
This paper looks at the presidency of William J. Clinton in the United States.
1,557 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as a moderate Democrat and prior Governor of Arkansas, William J. Clinton became the forty-second President of the United States. Clinton entered the White House after winning the 1992 election with his cornerstone philosophy of a New Democrat. The writer points out that Clinton's ideas were of a less domineering government that would promote social, economic, and political success. He served two terms in office and was the first Democrat to do so since Franklin D. Roosevelt. The writer discusses that President Clinton pushed for peace in America, its borders, and throughout the world while also being an activist in the American ideology of freedom. In his last term, the House of Representatives impeached Clinton, which was the second impeachment of a United States president, but he was found not guilty of the charges brought against him.
From the Paper
"After eight years of Clinton trying to find common ground between the liberals and conservatives, a plethora of information has been collected, published, and entangled. John F. Harris captures the presidency of Bill Clinton in a way that is more believable than any other work available. Harris portrays Clinton in a format that neither praises nor accuses on a constant level. Studying the work of Harris places the reader in the same room with Clinton, overhearing every word spoken and seeing every action that Clinton does. Harris gives the facts and statements of Clinton with all the surrounding details and environmental factors that have any input into each situation. The flourishing days of Clinton, as well as the battles and ordeals of his time in office, are given with fair judgments and honest appraisals throughout. In his book, The Survivor, Harris gives an objective view about Clinton's personal life, leadership skills, and philosophies. Harris also remains impartial to the Clinton Administration's accomplishments, success, failures, and consequences."
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Ontario Welfare System, 2008.
A discussion of the ability of service delivery models to assist lower income groups and the necessity of welfare systems to review their policies.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses concerns regarding the ability of service delivery models (SDMs) to give support to socio-economically challenged families and individuals in the community. The paper continues and relates that, although there is recognition of the need for welfare reform, policy changes have devolved in its efforts to support disenfranchised and socially excluded vulnerable groups. At the same time, the Ontario Ministry of Finance believes that the welfare restructuring will help the most vulnerable. In the course of this paper, these opinions are assessed and their subsequent impact on welfare services in Ontario determined. The research focuses mainly on the impact of the reforms on child welfare services and income support services for low-income families. The criteria used for the research is whether the reforms have increased the social inclusion and capacity of clientele receiving these services.
Outline:
Introduction
Welfare reforms
Impact assessment and evaluation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue of welfare is not an issue that can be discussed without the need to delve in social, economic and political issues. Canada in general has been sensitive to social demographics and developments however there is also the realization that current demands on social services are stretching resources thin. Though there has been a number of a research highlighting the challenges of the current Ontario Works SDM, there is still significant room to facilitate the improvements. As it is, despite significant efforts to improve services and their delivery, the clientele of Ontario Works feel deficiencies in welfare services. There is no denying that there are parties who abuse welfare services, but this should not be the burden of people who really need welfare support. The prevailing perception is that policies have not just been unable to alleviate welfare concerns but have exacerbated concerns and limited the capacity of welfare services to respond to developing demands."
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Anaheim, CA, 2008.
Looks at the demographics and crime profile of Anaheim, CA.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes California's tenth largest city Anaheim, located in Orange County and known for its popular theme parks, recreation and sport centers. The author points out that the influx of new industries and migration into the city are requiring a reassessment of the needs of the city and changing perspectives on the approaches to city management. The paper explains the actions that the city should take to prevent an increase in crime.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Safety and Development
Challenges
From the Paper
"As the city becomes more focused on developing its tourism and convention industry instead of the industrial industries of its origins, there is greater emphasis for the development of its land resources for recreation. At the same time, there is demand for greater retail and commercial development. This has led to revisions not only in zoning regulations but also the reallocation of resources to develop transportation and support resources for these commercial and retail developments."
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The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), 2005.
Looks at the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), which requires employers with 50 or more employees to provide up to twelve weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave "each year for specified family and medical reasons."
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) was designed to help those individuals who need to care for either a close family member with a serious medical disorder or to assist employees when a serious medical condition arrives without notice. The paper first describes some of the provisions of the FMLA, including entitlements to leave, the maintenance of health benefits during leave, job restoration after leave, and protections for employees who request or take FMLA leave. The paperalso relates the process by which an employee can use FMLA leave. The paper concludes that the success of this legislation has led many states to pass similar acts.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Leave Entitlement
Maintenance of Health Benefits
Job and Benefits Protection/Restoration
Notice and Certification
Illegal Acts
FMLA Case Examples
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As is the case with many federally-backed laws, the FMLA includes a number of items that are required by both parties. First, an employer is not allowed to "interfere with, or deny the existence of any right provided" by the FMLA. In addition, an employer is not allowed to "discharge or discriminate against any individual for opposing any practice or because of involvement in any proceeding related to FMLA," meaning that employers must adhere to all anti-discrimination laws within the United States."
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Norfolk International Airport, 2003.
A detailed summary of the Norfolk International Airport and its operations.
4,745 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the rich history of the Norfolk International Airport (NIA), which is located in Virginia close to the birthplace of aviation. The author points out that the Norfolk Airport Authority, which is a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia and is an independent autonomous agency of the City of Norfolk, operates NIA. The paper relates that, since NIA is a municipal agency, it does not provide any type of annual report to its investors and the public; however, it does publish an activity report that essentially gives the same information. The author illustrates the operations of the tower. The paper includes many charts and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
History and Development
Administration and Organizational Structure
Aviation statistics
Airside Facilities
Runway Data
Navigation Aids
Airport Services
Terminal Facilities
Retail Establishments/Banks
Ground Transportation
Parking Facilities
Airlines Serving the Airport
Hotels/Lodging
Other Aviation Businesses
Meeting Facilities
Fire Department
Police / Security Departments
Field Maintenance Facility
Air Cargo
Noise Abatement Program
Marketing Efforts
Federal Services
Control Tower
NIA's Future Development
Airfield
Baggage Claim
Parking
Air Cargo
From the Paper
"NIA's Police Department maintains an outstanding working relationship with its mutual aid partners. A liaison between the Cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach Police Departments is well established and their assistance is called upon for specialized needs. On a state level, the bomb squad from the Bureau of Criminal Investigations of the Virginia State Police is the primary response for any related incident related to a possible explosive devise. Uniformed Virginia State Troopers, mandated by the Virginia State Code to investigate all aircraft-related incidents, are the primary response agency for the above-mentioned matters."
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The State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 2008.
Looks at the State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), which serves a very important role in the lives and health of American children.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the State Child Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) is a program formulated and implemented by both federal and state governments to assist poor working families, who cannot afford private health insurance. The paper then points out SCHIP is not immune to various issues that threaten its efficacy as a federal and state program. The paper then goes on to discusses these issues involving SCHIP, together with proposals for the enhancement of the current policy. Moreover, the paper investigates prospects for the future of SCHIP, specifically those involving fiscal and economic factors that would determine the capacity of SCHIP to help federal and state governments provide health care assistance. The paper includes charts and an annotated bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Statement and Significance of the Health Policy
Related Issues and Consequences, Including Groups Supporting/Opposing the Policy
Proposals for Enhancing, Changing, or Eliminating the Health Policy
Prospects for the Future of the Health Policy
Author's Position While Critiquing the Health Policy
From the Paper
"The importance of public health care coverage becomes more apparent when the situation is viewed from the perspective of low-income children who lack private coverage. These children are shown to have persistently lagged behind children with public or private coverage when their status of health is assessed based on any measure of access to care. Since poor children have no access to preventive and primary health care, there is great and apparent disparity in the children's health status."
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Women in Combat, 2008.
Argues that women are just as good as their male counter parts in a combat environment.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that women are just as good as their male counter parts in a combat environment. The author points out that females are not a distraction to a unit or to other male soldiers. The paper also relates that women go through the same job schools and basic training as men. The author underscores that, even though women have been put into combat situations with success and honor, they have a long way to go in this male-dominated society.
From the Paper
"After all of the checks prayer and thinking, you and your crew are off to the next camp to deliver supplies to other soldiers in Iraq. Its now in the afternoon the temperature is now a blistering 120 degrees Fahrenheit, the average summer temperature in the country Also to make matters worse most military vehicles including the one you are in don't have air conditioning so all you feel is hot desert air. The convoy is going great, you and your security team are going down the usual dry, dusty, desert road full of bumps and rocks and sometimes trash."
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Single-Sex Education, 2006.
This paper discusses potential changes to United States Department of Education Title IX policies, which will permit same-sex classes.
2,865 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Title IX of the civil rights statute for education banned all gender-based discrimination in education, except under extremely limited exceptions, such as physical contact sports. The author points out that single-gender schooling, which has a relatively successful model in the private sector, is one possible resolution to encourage academic achievement. The paper relates that, although there has been no conclusive research on the effectiveness of single-sex schooling experiments in limited public school districts, President George W. Bush, as a component of his "No Child Left Behind Act", has arranged a three million-dollar endowment for the establishment of single-gendered schooling. The author argues that it is most important that the quality of education and curriculum remains uniform to both sexes.
From the Paper
"George W. Bush's plan to allocate almost three million dollars in an effort to create more single-sex classes necessitates a great deal of restructuring that will undoubtedly affect both the teachers and students within public school systems. Under Bush's plan, however, single-sex vocational at the K-12 level would remain outlawed. Bush's revision of Title IX is contingent upon the notion that schools will remain "evenhanded," which indicates that boys and girls must be treated equally with respect to the courses that are offered to them."
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The City and its Accommodations, 2008.
An analysis of the city and its accommodations through the ages.
3,143 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how people have made homes in an urban environment over time. It looks at how Rome's inner-city housing as well as that of other European countries foreshadow the conditions seen in the American Industrial Revolution for the lower class. Included are discussions on housing trends over time for working- and lower-class Americans (e.g. development of suburbia, today's urban renewal in the inner-city.)
Outline"
Early European Urban Models
The American Industrial Revolution
Urban Planning
Immigration
Times of Conflict
The Post-War and Post-Industrial Eras
From the Paper
"Since the formation of cities in America, there has always been a certain appeal to Americans and immigrants to live there. Rich or poor, people are attracted to the urban culture for a variety of reasons. Though noisy and congested, city living offers citizens unparalleled convenience, as well as an exciting, inspiring living environment. Depending on the neighborhood, of course, services such as food and drug stores, and entertainment/educational venues like theaters and museums are just a short walk away. Regular trash collection and street sweeping leave travel corridors looking organized and sanitary. City homes are hooked into the existing infrastructure--electric, water, gas, and sewer. Travel by subway, bus, taxi, auto, or foot is a breeze. Newspaper, food, and dairy delivery are also among the amenities afforded to city dwellers. "
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Sustainable Development in the Philippines, 2008.
This paper discusses good governance for sustainable development in the uplands of the Philippines at the Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) Experimental Forest.
4,440 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that deliberate efforts on the part of the government or civil society to strengthen links between good governance initiatives and sustainable development objectives provide a viable framework for action that is founded on participatory mechanisms to mitigate effects of poverty, inequality and lack of access to basic services. The author points out that such mechanisms are essential in establishing a mutually accepted and respected strategic plan of action for a more sustainable utilization of the community's scarce resources. The paper relates that the primary objective of the Forest Land Use Plan is to allocate the one thousand two hundred twenty seven hectares of the Western Mindanao State University Experimental Forest to its most rational use in order to address prevailing issues concerning the sustainability of the forest.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Governance and Sustainability
Development in the Upland
Community-Based Resource Management at WMSU Experimental Forest
The Forest Land Use Plan
Good Governance and Sustainable Development in the Upland
Conclusion
Schematic Framework of Forest Land Use Planning (FLUP)Proposed Forest Land Use Map of the WMSU-EF
From the Paper
"With the delineation of the production and protection areas, existing land use map was superimposed to analyze propriety of the existing land uses with vis-a-vis land qualities or land characteristics. Based on this, various conflicting issues were noted as improper land use such as kaingin farming and related practices. Other areas of issues such as degraded lands, encroachment, illegal occupancy, protection of forest resources and socio-demographic problems due to increasing population in the area were also identified. From these, various options were developed by the TWG to address the different issues and conflicts."
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"Modernizing Government: The Way Forward", 2008.
A review of the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward". by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
2,663 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the book "Modernizing Government: The Way Forward" has been able to provide a clear picture of the context of public sector modernization among OECD countries as it focuses on six key public sector reform levers--open government, enhancing public sector performance, modernizing accountability and control, reallocation and restructuring, use of market-type mechanism, and modernizing public employment. The paper looks at what capacities "modern governments" have to adopt to make them more responsive, transparent, and efficient. The paper then explains that the book essentially weaves a great deal of underlying theories on the dynamics of
public administration and governance, and integrating the same with emerging trends in practice among OECD countries. The paper also points out that although the book seems necessarily limited in scope as it arbitrarily focuses on the identified policy levers while leaving out other equally relevant dimensions of change, it is considerably successful, however, in providing a sound discussion of the underlying roles and interaction of governance and public administration within a whole-of-government perspective, and the changing modes by which governments manage the public sector in relation to new and emerging public assumptions and expectations of governments.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Overview and Structure of the Book
Discussion and Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The two-year review aimed to provide a contextual
understanding of important developments in public governance and the impact of reform initiatives among OECD countries with the objective of helping out equip for the future those involved in public governance policy. The book identifies levers for reform to modernize the public sector, and also presents an overview of public sector modernization over the last two decades.
"It begins its discussion by noting that over the past 20 years, significant
influx of new ideas and initiatives in the field of public management has transpired in OECD member countries. It stresses that the impetus for change came from the social economic and technological developments in the latter half of the 2oth century. It argues that while in some governments, fiscal stresses have sparked off the reforms; the underlying pressure for change came from the fact that governments have become out of step with the new and changing expectations of the societies that they serve."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 156.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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Gardiner Expressway Removal, 2005.
An evaluation of the policy regarding the dismantling of the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway in Toronto.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, known locally as "The Gardiner", which is an expressway that connects downtown Toronto to its suburbs in the west. The paper specifically discusses the economic, social and environmental effects that would exist if the expressway is dismantled according to various policy plans. The paper also looks at the reasons for the proposal, including the rejuvenation of the waterfront. The paper argues that dismantling the expressway would have negative economic, social, and environmental effects.
Table of Contents:
Problem Definition
Background and Policy Context
Policy Alternatives
Evaluation of Policy Alternatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Another negative impact that burying of the Gardiner Expressway will have is its influence on the natural ecosystems that are around and under the city of Toronto. Under the city, there are buried creeks and waterways that traverse and go out into the lake that have their origins in the Oak Ridges Moraine north of the city (The Toronto Star, 2000). The process of "dewatering" the areas where the buried Gardiner would situate would be detrimental to these buried creeks and their natural flow into the lake. As a result, these waterways could back up over the years and the rising groundwater could pose severe damage to existing infrastructures to the north of the expressway (The Toronto Star, 2000). There are other problems that are associated with digging up the soils that lie beneath the Gardiner Expressway. Contaminants could be present in the soil, and as a result these contaminants could pose a threat to the ecosystems that they would be placed in while construction is undertaken. Some of the lands where the Gardiner is situated on used to be industrial sites, which means some may still contain contaminants. The soil would have to be treated to get rid of the harmfulness before it is put back, which would cost the city money."
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The Lottery: Funding Education, 2006.
This paper discusses the lottery as a property tax alternative to fund education.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the current taxation system used in Texas to raise monies for education has been ruled unconstitutional numerous times in a series of lawsuits over the past few decades. The author points out that proponents have pushed for the use of the lottery as a means of funding education for all students in many states. The paper relates that critics argue that using the lottery to fund education will only encourage unhealthy levels of gaming. The author underscores that many state lotteries contribute to the general state fund, which supports many programs not solely educational in nature, causing concern over the lottery truly supporting what it was designed to enhance. The paper concludes that the lottery is the only system that is viable enough to ensure that all Texans are taking ownership of providing appropriate educations for students from all socioeconomic levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Background
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The history of gaming and sweepstakes is lengthy in nature. Forms of lotteries have been in the context of our social environment since biblical times. The first known chance of winning actual money occurred in the 1530s during the reign of Queen Elizabeth in Italy; from here it sparked the privatization of lotteries for the nineteenth century with 15 percent of proceeds going to beneficiaries (Hills, 2003). According to Hill, in the late 1890s constitutions in 35 states were developed forbidding lottery operation due to concerns of morality, yet since 1985 more than $11 billion of supplemental funding has been raised in California for public schools."
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Asylum Policy in the EU, 2008.
This paper discusses the notion of safe third countries in the European Union.
4,464 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that France will take the presidency of the European Union (EU) from July to December 2008. Priorities during this period include a "common pact on immigration and asylum" , which aims towards a greater harmonisation in these fields, but which does not mention enforcing a better respect of human rights. The writer points out that this issue triggers questions about the role of the EU as a global player in the field of human rights. Indeed, asylum - which refers to the protection granted by a foreign country to a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in its own country - is per se linked to human rights. However, current EU policies tend to criminalize migrants trying to enter and settle in "Fortress Europe", disregarding their reasons for migrating. The writer discusses that a new trend has recently been development in the management of asylum procedures: third countries have been listed as "safe", which implicitly means that they should not produce refugees and therefore that nationals of such countries who would yet claim asylum might not been "genuine" refugees. One can then wonder why the EU implements such a principle and what are the consequences on the new asylum procedures, as far as human rights are concerned. In this essay, the writer focuses on the implementation of the principle of "safe third countries" in the EU and the criticisms it raises.
Outline:
INTRODUCTION
I. CURRENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON COMMON ASYLUM POLICIES AT EU LEVEL
1. International Legislation
2. EU Legislation
Before the Amsterdam Treaty (1999)
The Amsterdam Treaty
The Tampere Treaty and its Aftermath
The Hague Program (2004)
B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NOTION OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES
1. Justification of the Principle of "safe third country"
2. European Vision of Safe Third Countries
Uses of Safe Third Country Principle in Europe
II. CRITIC OF THE SAFE THIRD COUNTRY PRINCIPLE
A. LEGALITY OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRY LISTS
1. Human Rights Issues in "safe" Third Countries
2. A Breach in the Geneva Convention?
B. NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND COUNTER-ACTIONS TAKEN BY NGOS TO FIGHT AGAINST THIS PRINCIPLE
1. Consequences of the Implementation of Safe Third Countries Principle
In the "Old Europe": Decreasing Rates of Asylum Claims in France
A New Burden for Bordering Countries of the EU and EU's Neighbours
2. Counter-strike of NGOS: Case Forum Refugies vs. OFPRA
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
From the Paper
"To deal with asylum, it is necessary to remind some basic points of the Convention. Firstly, according to the 1951 Geneva Convention, to be granted refugee status, an asylum seek must lodge his/her claim in the State s/he wants to be recognize by, that is to say, s/he must have physical access to the territory of this State to start a procedure in which the validity of his/her claims can be assessed. Secondly, it is up to each State party to the convention to interpret the convention at its own discrepancy. Some States can be criticized for rejecting many asylum claims but that does not prove in itself a violation of the Convention, but rather a very strict interpretation. Thirdly, we need to remind ourselves that returning to their country of origin rejected asylum seekers and generally all irregular migrants not in need of protection is a difficult challenge. The procedures of detention, deportation and readmission have not been addressed by the 1951 Convention. Such measures depend on national or EU rules, but still should comply with international human rights standards. Both the overstaying and the removal of rejected asylum seekers create problems in terms of credibility and integrity of asylum systems. This is part of a wider debate on the balance of international cooperation and solidarity and control of migration fluxes."
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Modern Medicine as State or Corporate Medicine, 2007.
This paper asses whether modern medicine is state medicine or corporate medicine, citing examples from British and American history.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the choice between state and corporate medicine is a relatively recent phenomenon. The writer notes that such a luxury sharply contrasts with the historical development of medical care, specifically during the nineteenth century in Britain and America, which sought, through the interventions of the state, to provide for the poor. From such a perspective, then, this essay posits that modern medicine is less about the choice between state and corporate provision than the foundations state medicine essentially helped create from which corporate medicine later benefited.
From the Paper
"Chadwick believed that many of the illness and diseases which inflicted the poor would be lessened or even eradicated. Importantly, the implication of the lawyer's report was that these measures could only be carried out by the state at a time when Britain subscribed to the creed of political economy, which held the laissez-faire state to be a paramount virtue. Yet following Chadwick's report, a Royal Commission on the Health of Towns was set up, which met between 1843 and 1845, leading to Liverpool creating the first sanitary authority in 1846 which spawned similar bodies elsewhere. By the time the Public Health Act of 1848 was passed the important role of the state was set in stone: a central government department was created as the General Board of Health; local sanitary authorities were invested with powers to coordinate municipal responsibilities; and a local inspection regime was also created that appointed medical health officers. Consequently, by 1853, 284 districts and 103 towns had applied to adopt the Public Health Act. But the crucial characteristic of the Act was that, while it did concede the importance of the role of the state, it did not make the adoption of the Act compulsory."
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The Medicaid System and the Mentally Ill, 2007.
This paper discusses possible changes to the now successful Medicaid system for treating the low-income mentally ill.
2,735 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Medicaid is the number one payment foundation for most community-based mental health services and the only health plan that finances a complete array of the rehabilitative services needed by people with psychiatric disabilities. The author stresses that low income children and adults have nowhere else to turn for mental health care and must depend tremendously on Medicaid. The paper relates that recent suggestions to change the Medicaid system for treating mental illnesses include plans to reduce the range of services that the states must provide and to reduce the number of recipients by replacing the current entitlement program with one or more block grants to the states. The author points out that Medicaid should go through some changes; however, these changes should be based on a serious review of their impact on caring for the mentally ill population.
From the Paper
"While states currently deal with major budget losses and concerns about the cost of Medicaid, there are ways to give states financial relief without reducing benefits to Medicaid recipients or extremely cutting the resources on which public mental health and other state agencies now depend. Policies that should be considered include improving coverage under Medicare community mental health services, including prescription medications, outpatient counseling, and case management, so that the federal government picks up costs for the elderly and increasing federal support for state and local mental health programs through increases to the federal community mental health block grant."
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