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Professional Counseling, 2008.
A look at the motivation behind and the impact of supervision standards for professional counseling.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in 1989, a great movement swept the counseling profession, one calling for the creation of supervision standards for professional counseling, and how the primary goals of such measures were to protect the best interests of the public and the clientele served by the counseling communities. The paper then examines how many historical events necessitated this movement, the impact of those standards and the need to constantly review and update them.
Outline:
The Motivation Behind Supervision Standards for Professional Counseling
Impact of Standards on Professional Counseling
Need to Update, Revise or Add to Existing Standards
From the Paper
"Currently, there is a great need to update and revise the existing standards, created almost 20 years ago (Cobia & Pipes, 2002). To this date, roughly 20 years following the creation of the standards in 1989, many new trends and theories have predominated in the field of professional counseling. It is now important to build on the existing standards to meet the needs of a changing clientele, one that faces problems very different from those faced during the previous 20 years. In addition to this, many recent researchers not multiple studies suggest there are "barriers" that prevent professionals from utilizing standards in the most efficient way possible, in part because many professional counselors do not agree on the definitions related to supervision and training, and also because many studies of the past leading to the original set of standards did not correctly identify the validity of the studies nor utilize methods for identifying threats to the methodology of the studies (Goodyear & Bernard, 1998; Schult, 1996; Cobia & Pipes, 2002)."
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An Analysis of Biblical Terms Used for Counseling, 2008.
A research paper examining the debate over secular, as opposed to religious, approaches to counseling.
4,744 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses examples of Biblical terms and their relationship to modern counseling concepts and terminology. The paper also takes into account the secular- religious debate. The central thesis that is explored in the paper is that Biblical terms can not only provide a useful tool for counseling in a social and cultural contact but that a study of these terms extends the understanding of counseling concepts and widens and enriches the area of discussion, research and application.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Methodology
Analysis
Healing
Discussion
Correlation with the terms wisdom and communication
Counsel
Discussion
Help
Summation and Conclusion
From the Paper
"However a slightly different emphasis which relates to modern counseling is found in Isaiah 40:31. "Yet those who wait for the LORD Will gain new strength; They will mount up with wings like eagles, They will run and not get tired, They will walk and not become weary" . This refers to the enhancement of the ability to help others through the strength and wisdom provide by God. This aspect is more directly referred to in Romans 16 "That ye receive her in the Lord, as becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself also. This tendency towards helping others is dependent on God and the physical and spiritual assistance an insight that He provides.
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Deviance, 2008.
A review of the reasons why persons enter into prostitution and the challenges facing them in exiting the "profession".
1,487 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper highlights that prostitution does not occur overnight and is instead, a process with no clear pathway. Individuals who choose to exit prostitution assume the task of re-defining themselves and their roles in society while dealing with multiple social, and emotional challenges along the way. The paper discusses several researchers who determine if there is a common process of exiting prostitution and what the needs of those individuals would be. The paper further notes that interview style studies of ex-prostitutes identified common types of events that prompted individuals to exit prostitution. The paper concludes that if individuals are to leave prostitution successfully, society and social services need to recognize that prostitution is not always a preferred choice. Some individuals are trying to cope with life the only way they know how. To successfully exit prostitution, prostitutes will need help re-defining themselves and their role in society.
From the Paper
"Sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, poverty, neglect, addiction, lack of education, low self-esteem, and homelessness are prominent negative factors that push individuals into prostitution and these can be the most challenging experiences to overcome in the exit process. In a study of current and former prostitutes, Barker and Farley (1998) found that 57% had been sexual assaulted or exploited during childhood, 49% had a history of physical assault, and 84% reported current or previous periods of homelessness. The researchers also found that positive pull factors such as financial freedom, attention, flexible work hours, a sense of power and control, and the ability to support others close to them created the illusions that the individual is coping with past traumatic experiences and making the best of a bad situation. With the exception of long-term residents in prostitution who eventually phase out, a life-changing event usually occured to prompt them to begin or to speed up the exit process."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2008.
Explains that juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States and elsewhere.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper relates the stage of adolescence and the manner in which it can lead to patterns of juvenile delinquency is an important topic to discuss because juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States and elsewhere. The paper then reviews and discusses readings about several psychological theories relating to adolescence and juvenile delinquency. The paper points out that none of the readings explain why an adolescent who lives in the suburbs and in a generally positive environment may engage in criminal activity.
Table of Contents:
Resources / Summaries
Discussion Section
From the Paper
"The readings also confirm my personal belief that adolescents students do better when their parents are involved in their education and upbringing. Parents that become involved in an adolescents education at school and in the community, result in higher grades and test scores, better attendance and regularly completed assignments, fewer placements in special education and remedial classes, and more positive attitudes and behavior in school. It appears that in the adolescent stage that there is no substitute for the consistency and nurturing provided by parental care, especially if the alternative is poorly funded childcare."
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Eric Erikson, 2008.
This paper discusses Eric Erikson's theories and stages of development.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses Erik Erikson's theories and stages of development and notes that they have become a sort of cornerstone from which many have built basic ideas about human development from infancy to adulthood. The paper relates that Erikson's theories surround several rather concrete stages that, if completed, allow the individual to move forward to the next stage of development, but if not, hinder the individual, possibly for a life time in his ability to function through change. The paper then briefly outlines and describes the eight stages of development according to Erikson.
From the Paper
"Autonomy vs. shame and doubt where the child learns to be in control of his or her own body and ability to make decisions and where allowed function somewhat independently from caregivers, Erikson believed that this stage frequently revolved around issues of toilet training and the result of incomplete functioning in this stage is shame and doubt of the individuals ability to do so. Erikson believed that this stage surrounded muscular anal development and admonishes the use of shame as the main guiding force behind discipline as it will leave the child unable to progress past shame and doubt to autonomy. The stage lasts roughly 18 months to 3 years."
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Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace, 2008.
A summary and review of the book "Working with Emotional Intelligence" by Daniel Goleman.
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the book "Working with Emotional Intelligence" by Daniel Goleman, which focuses on how the concept of emotional intelligence applies to the workplace in the form of what he calls "emotional competence". The paper discusses how Goleman offers the business executive, corporate leaders and individual employees advice on how one can improve his levels of emotional competence. The paper posits that the reader comes away with an in-depth understanding of the important and complicated role emotional intelligence plays in the business world.
From the Paper
"In his book entitled Working with Emotional Intelligence, author Daniel Goleman expands on his groundbreaking work on what it means to be smart published in Emotional Intelligence. In Working with Emotional Intelligence, Goleman focuses on how the concept of emotional intelligence applies to the workplace in the form of what he calls "emotional competence". According to Goleman's theory, in today's rapidly evolving business world, emotional intelligence plays a more and more important role in predicting and achieving performance and success."
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Fashion Models, 2008.
A discussion on how the media influences women to be thin, affecting even those females who are not overweight.
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper states that no media outlet strives to influence public perception more than fashion magazines, and in their quest to mold public opinion, fashion magazines have had a negative impact on how women perceive their bodies. The paper comments that the consequences have been frightening. Images of overly-thin fashion models have had a negative effect on the self-esteem of women, and this low self-esteem has led to dangerous conditions, such as eating disorders. The paper highlights that the desire to be thin among American women, which has largely been driven by media influence, affects even the youngest females who are not overweight. The paper concludes that it is time for the fashion magazine industry to stop claiming that it cannot control this problem.
Outline:
Introduction
Fashion and Self Esteem
Wrestling with a Solution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Is there a way to remedy the hazardous effect that super-thin models have on women's self esteem? It's possible, of course, for women to simply stop purchasing magazines that are making them feel poorly, although they will likely encounter these same models in other media, such as television. Also, some would argue that models should look thinner and more beautiful than the average woman -- they are, after all, models. But turning a blind eye to the problem is to ignore overwhelming research that shows that ultra-thin models are posing a public health risk for America's women, let alone the risks those models are enduring themselves. To solve this problem, the fashion industry should borrow a strategy from high school and college wrestling, which have dealt with dangerous weight problems by requiring wrestlers to maintain a certain level of body fat in order to compete."
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Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research, 2008.
A review of the articles, "Listening to Voices of High-Risk Antepartum Patients," by M. Richter, C. Parkes and J. Chaw-Kant and "Uncertainty and Stress in Women Hospitalized with High-Risk Pregnancy" by M. I. Clauson.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "Listening to Voices of High-Risk Antepartum Patients," that is a qualitative study that showed the stressors of antepartum patients. The writer relates that he gained considerable insights about how the women personally felt through their comments. The paper also reviews "Uncertainty and Stress in Women Hospitalized with High-Risk Pregnancy" that is a quantitative study of a sample of hospitalized antepartum women. The writer explains the ramifications of this research and relates how he gained more insights about how the women personally felt through their interviews and discussions than from the statistics. The paper appends M.I. Clauson's article to the paper.
From the Paper
"Research can be conducted in several different ways. One of the main distinctions is whether the study is qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative research is helpful to explore and better understand people's emotions, values, personal experiences, thoughts and actions. Instead of percentages and measurements, it supplies non-numerical data, for example recording a patient's concerns about not taking a medicine compared to handling the possible side effects. In health care, researchers often use the qualitative approach to acquire more information on how people deal with chronic illnesses."
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Anger Management, 2008.
A research paper that investigates merging two anger management programs together to help resolve the growing violence in public schools.
5,980 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the issue of anger management in the public school system, - a pervasive problem for which a solution is needed quickly. This research outlines a study that attempts to marry two of the leading anger management programs in the USA, creating a new program that will effectively curtail violence in the school systems. The results of this study are expected to provide an excellent resource for schools and parents to help their children curtail bursts of temper that result in violent episodes
Outline:
Action Research Project Verification Form
Chapter I: Introduction Problem Statement
Description of the Community
Description of the Work Setting
Writer Role
Chapter II: Study of the Problem
Problem Description
Problem Documentation
Literature Review
Causative Analysis
Chapter III: Outcomes and Evaluations
Goals and Expectations
Expected Outcomes
Measurement of Outcomes
Analysis of Results
Chapter IV: Solution Strategy
Statement of Problem
Selected Solutions/Calendar Plan References
From the Paper
"The community chosen for this research is located south of San Francisco, Santa Cruz, California. The town has a markedly rural population. In 1956, the current district was created through the combining of five separate districts into one. Some of these districts had beginnings long before the Gold Rush of 1849. The current population is 173,339 people spread over 199.5 square kilometers. There are 62,400 families depending or will be depending on New City's only school district in the future, a district of 31,530 students (New City California Resource Guide, 2003). To accommodate these children, there are 27 elementary schools, five junior high schools, and six high schools. The average home costs about $600,000. The major language groups are: English (42%), Spanish (50%), and Mandarin (8%), (FUSD, Office of Federal and State Projects, 2007). The neighborhood is working-class and a recent census indicated that close to one-third of the population fell below the poverty line. There has been a long history of domestic violence and the divorce rate is quite high in this community. These factors might contribute to the high occurrence of violence in the local school system."
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Memory Functions and Learning, 2008.
An analysis of how memory affects the potential for learning.
2,256 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the function of the human memory. It focuses on how memory is essential to learning and learning is the foundational goal of education. The paper also discusses how the understanding of the implications of the personal, of imagery, of sound and of movement into the repertoire of the memory will create a holistic learning process that fosters memory, even of the most arbitrary nature.
From the Paper
"Historical emphasis has been on the first distinction, that of procedural and declarative memory, because for the most part the kinds of memories or learning one receives in school are not associated with the personal, they are memories that most if not all people are believed to need to survive and prosper. Yet, developmentally, young children especially are driven by the personal, the perspective of the self as center, but to some degree we all are. It is for this reason that new inroads are being made in to the idea that memory should be associated with the personal to be effective. Regardless of the historical attempts to create uniformity in learning and attempt to associate all scholarly learning with the abstract, a situation that is contrary to human psychology, many people are much more likely to remember even the most abstract concepts from a personal perspective of context and autobiographic details. So, instead of fighting nature why not embrace it and teach abstract concepts in a way that they are associated with positive personal growth. People are also likely to remember the manner in which they did not learn a concept that was deemed crucial as well, from a personal perspective. Educators would do well to seek out these memories and replay them in their own memory, so as to better understand why certain situations did not foster learning."
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Stereotypes, 2008.
A discussion on conflict resolution, which is an effective practice for assisting youth that have demonstrated self-destructive, antisocial, or violent behavior.
786 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that conflict resolution involves a constructive approach to interpersonal and inter-group conflicts that is directed at helping people with opposing positions to work together to agree on acceptable compromise solutions. The paper highlights that like most programs designed for adolescents, an effective intervention program is meant to take into consideration the psychological needs and the developmental stage of the youth. The paper also relates that it is important to design interventions for groups, inter-groups and individuals. The paper goes on to discuss the goals that should be established by a counselor in a detention institution as well as the
From the Paper
"This is related to stereotyping reducing and cooperation in diverse groups. First of all, the counselor should raise awareness of their differences and emphasize that this is an advantage and not a basis for prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping, but for rich intercultural exchange. Activities may be developed in which the participants have a personal unique contribution, reinforcing the uniqueness and individuality of each person. An emphasis on kindness may be placed as well, since it is a facilitator to understanding equality and avoiding such negative behaviors as stereotyping and discrimination."
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Organizational Psychology, 2008.
This paper demonstrates the use of consultation psychology as a means of creating business success.
3,950 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the role that consultation psychological services can play in organizations, particularly as it may apply to facilitating organizational movement towards increased strategic success. As a case example, this paper uses a mental health organization to demonstrate the role, or roles, that consultation psychology can play within the organization. Specifically, the case example holds that a director of mental health services for an organization makes a request for consultation psychology services to her organization. The request is for consultation psychology services that focus on the issue of gender and ethnic factors that may influence or impede organizational movement towards strategic success. This paper explores the aspects of consultation as it applies to issues of ethnicity and gender that may be critical for a mental health organization consultation.
Outline:
Introduction
II. Clinical Psychology
III. Organizational and Industrial Psychology
Consultation Psychology
IV. Relationship Between the Fields and the Methods
V. Case Example
VI. Conclusions
From the Paper
"Central procedures and tools in providing clinical psychological services include psychological assessments and psychotherapy. Other typical methods utilized by clinical psychologists include research, teaching, consulting, forensic examinations and program development. Clinical psychology is a professional practice developed around the time of World War One. A licensed clinical psychologist is able to provide such psychological services as psychotherapy and assessments, conduct psychological research, provide psychology based consultations to schools and business and provide expert testimony on the area of forensic psychology."
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Workplace Stress, 2008.
A discussion on how managers can reduce and alleviate stress in the work environment.
3,612 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a system to enhance the reduction of workplace stress that can be employed by managers in most work settings. Workplace stress is one of the most significant of all work related problems. The paper is intended as a guide for the development of best practices for the reduction of workplace stress, with an emphasis on the ability of management to universally reduce stress. The paper first demonstrates the significance of the problem using topical and timely literature to address the concern. The paper continues by assessing the causal factors of workplace stress, using a brief literary analysis. The paper concludes with an outline which demonstrates change within the workplace that will improve the condition of workplace stress.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Assumptions
Methods
Limitations
The Nature of Workplace Stress in U.S. Businesses
Causes of Workplace Stress
Management Centered Stress Reduction Strategies
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"This work will rely heavily on literature, as a guide for the understanding of workplace stress and on developing appropriate interventions for stress. It is important to understand that many work places are inherently stressful, due to the nature of the work done there but that universalities can be achieved if audits are conducted effectively. There is also significant evidence that such audits can elicit ideas that management might not have originated, due to the fact that they are not always aware of front-line issues. Additional information will be garnered from literature associated with the development of Employee Assistance Programs, such as the one utilized by the organization I manage."
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Identity Crisis, 2008.
A discussion on the meaning of the term 'identity crisis' according to Erik Erickson.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper states that in psychology, the term 'identity crisis' refers to conflict that a human being encounters when he goes through Erik Erickson's eight developmental states of life. The paper notes that according to Erickson, "the identity is a subjective sense as well as an observable quality of personal sameness and continuity..." . The paper confirms that to develop an identity one needs to go through eight stages of development, which are discussed in detail in this paper.
From the Paper
"Erickson's stages of psychosocial development span an individual's entire lifetime. Between each stage one experiences a conflict, the successful resolution of which results in such favorable outcomes and trust over mistrust. It is this period of conflict that causes the identity crisis.The stage most relevant to adolescents is stage five, which last from age twelve to age eighteen. It is during this stage that the most significant changes occur as, according to Erickson, it is during the adolescence stage that one develops their identity. Thus, in developing an identity, one often experiences confusion and difficulty with peer relations and establishing their role among others."
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Second Language Acquisition - ESL, 2008.
An analysis of the theories of second language acquisition, specifically in teaching English as a second language (ESL).
3,278 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses methods and approaches to teaching English as a second language (ESL). It looks at the definitions of behaviorism, discusses the fundamental concepts underlying behaviorism and discusses how they are beneficial in teaching ESL. The paper then looks at other approaches to teaching ESL and some of the theories of second language acquisition.
From the Paper
"There are barriers to ESL learning, which can include motivation (or lack of it), self-confidence, anxiety or peer pressure, to name but a few.
"Krashen (1981) still believes that there is a value to a classroom environment, rather than an immersion environment when learning a second language. He feels that in cases where a student tries to learn from immersion alone, that there will be times when the input received (by listening to others) will be overwhelming and therefore incomprehensible. However, by using a mixture of classroom and immersion methods, the student is better able to make sense of the input received in the short term, classroom situation. Accordingly, the lessons learned in the classroom will then provide the framework for learning through immersion in a more casual situation outside of the classroom."
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Altruism, 2008.
Discusses several different sociological theories that explain altruism.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses altruism and some of the sociological theories that are used to explain acts of altruism. The paper maintains that only the social-cognitive theory of altruism can explain why there are so many examples of extreme, yet commonly shared moments of altruism, where people risk their lives to help others, as well as examples of people in the same society that show extreme selfishness. The paper discusses the firefighters and citizens that risked their lives to save strangers in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th in New York City as examples of altruism and the lack of aid given victims of Hurricane Katrina as an example of selfishness. Social-cognitive theory is used to explain both types of responses.
From the Paper
"Philosopher Peter Unger points out that while most people would argue that it is a moral obligation for a person to jump into a river and muddy their clothes to save a drowning child, if they are physically capable of doing so, millions refuse to give to charity. "The Envelope. In your mail, there's something from UNICEF. After reading it through you correctly believe that, unless you soon send in a check for $100, then, instead of each living many more years, over thirty more children will die soon". But people throw the UNICEF envelope out and buy a new pair of shoes instead."
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Negotiating a Conflict, 2008.
Describes the different types of negotiation techniques and rules of those techniques.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, when a conflict is negotiated, the persons involved in the conflict agree on certain rules. The paper also points out that how the the conflict participants communicate is crucial to the negotiation and that the communication tactics that are chosen are subject to the rules of the negotiation. The paper then goes on to discuss the different communication tactics and negotiation strategies and the rules that apply.
From the Paper
"Collaborative negotiators don't fight. It's not that they don't look after their own self-interests, but the focus is on finding innovative ways to meet the needs of both sides so that everyone is happy. By working together they solve the problem that confronts them. They avoid attacking each other personally by confining their attention to the problem. They do everything they can to preserve their relationship. Taking a position in negotiation implies there is no other solution but one--it limits options--so collaborative negotiators avoid taking a position."
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Personal Power, 2008.
Looks at the role of personal power in a conflict.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that there are many different views on the use of personal power, both negative and positive. The paper points out that assumptions about power are often found in the person's use of language. The paper gives examples of feeling guilty about the use of power and of ways to use power effectively, For example, the paper explains that, if a person wants a relationship to continue successfully over a long period of time, he will have to continually re-adjust the power balance according to the circumstances.
From the Paper
"All power is relationally connected. Being powerful is not a personal quality or characteristic or a "thing" that a person possesses. Somebody has to grant it to you because you have currencies they value. Power arises from the relationship dynamics. The situation helps to determine the power a person has in a relationship. Take, for example, the situation of domestic abuse. The husband verbally abuses his wife and seems to have "all the power" in the relationship."
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Bipolar Disorder, 2008.
This paper provides a biological overview of bipolar disorder.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper describes bipolar I disorder and the less severe form of the illness, bipolar II disorder. The paper examines this disorder's biological basis and reveals the clear link between neurotransmitters in the brain existing in a state of imbalance and the development of the disorder. The paper adds, however, that exactly how this imbalance functions remains mysterious in this illness. The paper looks at various medications and their side effects and points out that because bipolar disorder has two distinct mood components of mania and depression, treating it with medication can be especially difficult.
From the Paper
"Bipolar disorder is one of the most complex and difficult to treat of the major mood disorders. There are several different forms of the illness. Some bipolar I disorder patients exhibit alternating episodes of mania and depression, while other sufferers show less florid periods of mania, a state called hypomania that alternates with depression. These sufferers are said to exhibit a less severe form of the illness, called bipolar II disorder ("Bipolar disorder," 2007, NIH)."
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