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Substance Abuse and Women, 2008.
This paper explores substance abuse among women and its treatment.
1,281 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at current substance abuse treatment programs for women and their effectiveness and reveals that female substance abusers need gender-specific treatment. The paper discusses how religious belief or spirituality plays a major role in the reform of a person with substance problems. The paper refers to various models of behavior change and then examines a design for a spirituality based model.
Outline:
Treatment Programming and Health Services for Women
Substance Use Treatment Needs of Women Prisoners
Behavior Models for Substance Abuse Treatment
From the Paper
"Recent studies say that 10% of the population abuses drugs or alcohol and that 20% of patients who consult physicians have substance abuse problems, which exclude tobacco use (Mersy 2003). Substance abuse has been defined as the problematic use of alcohol, tobacco or illicit drugs. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimates that this number-one health problem costs society as much as $100 billion a year. It is also accountable for 100,000 deaths annually. Furthermore, those who abuse drugs and alcohol are likelier to develop medical problems than any other sector in the entire population. Women constitute a risk population for substance abuse (Mersy)."
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Special Education in the Science Classroom, 2008.
This paper looks at science learning focusing on special education students.
1,153 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews the initial negative results of science education since the inclusion of special education students in the classroom. Further, the writer looks at what lessons have been learned and can be applied to the management of similar situations in the future. The writer maintains that science, whether taught to general classrooms or special education classrooms has a unique capacity, when taught through the method of inquiry to advance the knowledge and cognition of the student with each level of learning. The writer notes that as the student becomes adept at each level of learning and advances to the next level, the student's knowledge increases, but in addition the student's capacity for learning grows. The writer notes that 'Bloom's Taxonomy' sets out a specific guide that may be effectively used by the science teacher in the special education classroom or in the general classroom that is characterized by inclusion.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Complex Pedagogical Content Knowledge Required
Bloom's Taxonomy in Scientific Inquiry
Tools & Methods to Assist Scientific Inquiry
The Scientific Inquiry Model
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the area of planning students ask questions and then make decisions how to search out the answers to those questions. Students use first-hand experience and simple information sources for locating answers to these questions and as well enter a thought process about the results of decisions and learn to make comparisons. In obtaining and presenting evidence the students learn to follow instructions in the lab in order to avoid risks to themselves and others and make exploration through use of the senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste as appropriate while making observations and recording those observations and measurements. Finally, students communicate their observations and findings through use of speech and writing, drawing, tables, graphs and pictures. In the application of consideration of the evidence and making evaluations, comparisons are made by students and patterns and associations are identified. Also, students make a review of their own work and go on to explain their work to other students."
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Workplace Motivation, 2008.
A discussion on motivational performance management.
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses different approaches to motivational performance management. The paper discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the expectancy theory of Victor Vroom and Douglas McGregor's two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. The paper points out that managers must keep in mind that employees have different motivators that encourage them. The paper concludes that regardless of whether one bases a person's motivation on Maslow, Vroom or McGregor, the most essential encouragement is recognizing each person as an individual who has his or her own strengths and means for reaching personal end goals.
From the Paper
"Much has changed regarding the way an employee is recognized in the work place. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the workers were only seen as another cog in the wheel and a means to the end of production and services. Frederick Winslow Taylor stated that workers were primarily motivated by money. They do not enjoy work and have to be watched carefully. However, as psychologists and social psychologists began to study the work setting and what encouraged employees to be more satisfied, increasing emphasis was placed on needs and motivations in the workplace."
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Education Case Study: Transition, 2008.
Analyzes the case study of "Frank", who is experiencing transitional problems of not only the beginning of middle school but also of moving from an urban setting to a rather austere social environment in a rural area.
2,875 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper uses Bronfenbrenner's theories regarding the interplay between the environment and the individual to understand the transitional problems challenging Frank, the middle school student in this case, who also has moved to a rural area. The author points out that the challenges Frank faces are associated with his perception of disconnect between himself and his peers and with his new public school as opposed to his more challenging private school, which he previously attended. The paper suggests that Erick Erickson would assess Frank as beginning stage 5 "Identity vs. Role Confusion" as this student negotiates his needs and desires to be independent and individual while perceiving those around him as wholly unlike him and unable to understand his interests.
From the Paper
"Frank self identifies with an outsider clique whom he titles the "I don't care" group and describes as a group who doesn't care about belonging to cliques even though he admits that his school is rather cliquish. Frank may give this impression and hold these perceptions mostly because he has not grown up in this environment and therefore does not know the histories or personalities of his peers, and in the reverse they do not know his so he does not perceive himself as fitting in."
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Aging in Australia, 2008.
This paper examines studies on aging and identity and on the state of care transitions in Australia.
1,428 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses age-identity researches conducted on older and middle-aged persons in Australia and focuses on a study where a small group of women aged 40-65 were interviewed on how they viewed their lives at their stage in life. The paper relates the findings of this study that most participants had a satisfying life, benefiting from the disappearance of previous stressors in their lives. The paper highlights the implication that what counts is not one's age but the meaning people place on their experiences. The paper then examines the problem of care transitions and looks at studies on residential care facilities.
From the Paper
"A national summit was held in Melbourne, Australia to address two major population issues, one on the declining population growth and the other on the ageing and retiring population (Stoneman 2002). According to current projections, Australia's population would be 25 million by the year 2050. By then, the average Australian would be 47 years old and 26% would be 80 years old and above. Managers have been aware of the trend for many years now. It has also infused pressure into government policies, affected the labor market and raised retirement ages. Yet virtually nothing has been done to handle the looming problem (Stoneman)."
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Depression, Gender and Stigma, 2008.
An analysis of the stigma surrounding depression and whether there is a gender influence.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 10 sources, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a study that examines whether stigma exists surrounding depression, and whether females are more likely to be stigmatized or categorized as having depression than males are of the same peer group. It discusses how the literature finds that there are many instances where non-educated consumers consider depression and other disorders including low self-esteem or anxiety commonplace among women rather than men and how this may result in suppression of feeling in men who may need care.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Research Question
Findings
From the Paper
"For purposes of this study stigma may be defined as an individual or group reaction toward members of other groups that one may describe as deviant or result in considering other parties of "marginal status" (Katz, 1981:1). Throughout history researchers have acknowledged the stigma associated with having a mental disorder, whether that disorder is depression, anxiety or some other significant mental health disorder requiring treatment (Katz, 1981; MacMillan, et al. 1996). There are many reasons for this, including society's fear of mental health and fear that someone with a mental health condition may or may not be capable of interacting with "normal" members of society (Katz, 1981). "
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Self-Directed Teams, 2008.
This paper explores the research on successful self-directed work teams.
4,603 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
The paper defines self-directed work teams and describes their characteristics that include proper planning, preparation and education. The paper first examines various studies regarding the personal traits and competence of self-directed team members that show the complexity of these groups and their makeup. The paper then shows how, because one is dealing with the variability of human personality, behavior and skills, forming and implementing successful self-directed teams is not an easy process. The paper concludes with three main points and emphasizes that as with any new program, introducing self-directed work teams can bring excellent results only if implemented the correct way.
Outline:
Abstract
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Self-directed work teams are becoming increasingly popular in both manufacturing and service organizations, because of their positive characteristics of focusing on team contributions and solutions, collaboration, continuous improvement, competency and positive results to productivity. However, a company must think carefully about the ramifications on both the management and the personnel when implementing these teams. They will impact everyone in the organization, including both management and employees."
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"Random Family", 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Random Family: Love, Drugs, Trouble and Coming of Age in the Bronx" by Adrian Nicole LeBlanc.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the book "Random Family: Love, Drugs, Trouble and Coming of Age in the Bronx" that describes the problems facing two young women as they mature in the Bronx. The paper focuses on three main problems facing these girls that are drugs, poverty and lack of education. The paper discusses how almost all the residents face these problems and they deal with them in similar self-destructive and defeating ways that do not lead to successful lives. The writer concludes with a personal reflection on this story.
From the Paper
"The problem areas are pervasive in the Bronx and in just about every other inner city poverty-stricken area in the country. Low-income people struggle just to survive and have little hope of ever escaping the hopelessness of their lives. The first major problem is drugs. They are everywhere in the Bronx, especially in the area where Jessica lives. About the only way to prosper in this area is to deal drugs, and the rest of the people know it. The drug dealers flaunt their wealth and status, and other residents are drawn to them because of their success and opulence."
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Group Counseling, 2008.
A discussion comparing and contrasting what the views are in current literature on the subject of group counseling.
4,001 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper explores group counseling and examines what group counseling actually is and what the purpose of group counseling is. The paper continues and examines ethics in counseling and specifically those ethics of the Christian counselor in maintaining Biblical principles in counseling and what the ethical requirements of the Christian counselor are. The paper comments that findings in this work include the important and key role of the group leader or facilitator in keeping the interactions and communications positive in order to avoid harm to group members.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Key Terms and Definitions
Background to the Study
Compare/Contrast Current Views on Group Counseling
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout the remainder of the 20th century, groups emerged as an increasingly popular mode of intervention in psychotherapy and counseling settings." (Stockton, Morran, and Krieger, 2004) Group methods are popular in use today "across a wide variety of settings to assist clients who present with a diverse range of goals and concerns," (Stockton, Morran and Krieger, 2004) Group counseling is an approach to treatment that is considered to have the same relevant effectiveness as individual counseling. There are various methods used in the group counseling therapy and there are very few studies to provide solid evidence of the direction the group leader should take however, preliminary findings do state that positive interaction with the group leader and the members of the group is vital to successful intervention. Group counseling is known to have benefits including."
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Person-Centered and Cognitive Behavioral Theories, 2008.
An overview of the person-centered theory and cognitive behavioral theory.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the main principles of the person-centered theory and the cognitive behavioral theory. The paper focuses on the concepts of the person-centered theory and discusses the microskills and techniques that students would expect to be effective with this theory.
Outline:
Objective
Person-Centered Theory
Cognitive Behavioral Theory
Microskills and Effective Techniques
From the Paper
"This theory was developed by Carl Rogers, an American psychologist who practiced in the 1930s and is a type of therapy that has as its goal the fostering of the client in cohesion of the idealized and actual self of the client. This therapy also has the goal of the client gaining a better understanding of 'self' as well as lowering the client's levels of "defensiveness, guilt, and insecurity" (Person-Centered Therapy, nd) Other goals in this therapy include the client gaining a more positive outlook in relationships and as well focuses on the client gaining an increase in the capacity to "experience and express feelings at the moment" (Person-Centered Therapy, nd) in which the feelings actually occur."
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Counseling Theories, 2008.
This paper discusses person-centered theory and cognitive-behavioral theory.
1,324 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the concepts and techniques in Carl Rogers' client-centered approach to therapy and in cognitive-behavioral theory. The paper also highlights the main differences between these two theoretical approaches to therapy.
From the Paper
"Person centered theory has been established by Carl Rogers inside the humanistic approach in psychotherapy. Humanism has been termed by Bugental (1964) the 'Third Force' of therapy views, along with the psychoanalytic and behavioral views. Humanism is essentially concerned with emphasizing the worth of the individual and the centrality of human values. The most important theorists of this approach are: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, Frederick Perls, Victor Frankl and so on."
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Drug Addiction and Disease, 2008.
This paper explores drug addiction in relation to theories of disease.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that whether a particular practice is regarded as an accepted activity or as deviant antisocial behavior is largely a function of culture and social norms. The paper then discusses how genetic predisposition and external environmental factors contribute to make some individuals more predisposed to addiction than others, but defining addiction as a disease still involves amorphous criteria and subjective determination. The paper concludes that ultimately, what matters more than a definitive classification of drug addiction, is that its symptoms be addressed in a manner conducive to their relief and to ending the addiction.
Outline:
Introduction
Distinguishing Disease and Behavior in Drug Addiction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Drug addiction is unlike other medical diseases, primarily because it is the result of voluntary behavior rather from exposure to bacterial organisms, viruses, or from a genetic disorder. Whereas symptoms normally associated with organic diseases are well defined in strictly objective terms, the symptoms of addiction rely on subjective definition, and to a large degree, on cultural norms and expectations (Reinarman, 2005)."
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Child Molestation, 2008.
A discussion that examines the type of individuals that molest children.
3,951 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
The paper states that over the past few years there has been a marked increase in the number of children victimized by child molesters. The paper adds that the advent and popularity of the internet has spawned a new breed of molesters that are preying upon children. The paper then discusses and examines the type of individuals that molest children and focuses on several studies and observations that have been made concerning the nature of these individuals.
Outline:
Introduction
Child Molesters and Heterosocial competence
Child Molesters that are Socially Skilled
Child Molesters Perceptions Of Early Interpersonal Relationships
Female Child Molesters
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall it is apparent that child molesters do not necessarily fit into one category and the reasons for the behaviors can vary greatly. However, there are some characteristics that seem to be consistent with many child molesters. In many cases they are preoccupied with being accepted, they tend to live double lives and more often then not they were sexually abused as children. One of the most disturbing findings of this research is the fact that molesters could be anyone and in many cases it is not someone that would be suspected of committing any crime against a child."
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Paul Chance's "Learning and Behavior ", 2008.
This paper studies the psychology of learning while examining the book 'Learning and Behavior' by Paul Chance.
3,064 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Paul Chance's book 'Learning and Behavior' provides students and teachers with some intriguing and interesting ideas about the psychology of learning. The writer points out that a general overview of the book displays the ease under which the reader can read the words and comprehend not only the meaning of the individual words, but the philosophical meaning of the words as well. Unlike many similar texts, Paul Chance's book is an easy read providing a style that allows the readers to follow along as he leads along the rosy and philosophical road to educating teachers and students in the field of learning and behavior. The writer concludes that Chance's book 'Learning and Behavior' may be one of the easiest, yet most enlightening manuscripts available on the subject of learning, and presents the material in such a manner that it immediately becomes much more understandable and a pleasure to read.
From the Paper
"Chance goes on to explain in more detail how the conditioning process works using the Pavlovian procedures. He writes of the higher-order conditioning, trace conditioning, delayed conditioning, simultaneous conditioning and backward conditioning. He provides brief but succinct descriptions of the five conditioning procedures and how Pavlovian procedures interplay with conditioning. The descriptions help the reader in gaining additional understanding of how and why individuals learn and how conditions can play a very vital role in that learning process.
"Comparing those findings to the Operant procedures is a mouthy subject but Chance does a credible job of accomplishing that task. He explains how reinforcements work when applied to operant behavior, while conditional stimulus works when applying Pavlovian procedures."
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Culture in Human Relations, 2008.
This paper discusses the theories of Geer Hofstede, Franz Boas and Harry Triandis on culture in human relations.
1,694 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses theories of culture in human relations, focusing on Geer Hofstede, Franz Boas, and Harry Triandis. The paper explains Hofstede's belief that culture creates a pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that is acquired in early childhood and later shaped by interacting with family members, neighbors or colleagues. The paper also looks at Hofstede's surveys that characterized cultures but notes the criticisms of his work. The paper then looks at Franz Boas' theory of cultural relativism and its criticisms and Harry Triandis' individualism - collectivism theories and their limitations. The paper concludes that given the significant role that culture plays in human relations, its understanding should be seen as a top priority when in a multicultural environment.
From the Paper
"Consequently, Hofstede (2005) makes use of the fragment from Rose's play for building his theory of culture as mental programming. According to him, every individual subscribes to a "pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting" that is acquired in early childhood and later shaped by interacting with family members, neighbors or colleagues (i.e. the social environment to which he/she belongs). Moreover, the Dutch sociologist asserts that once acquired, such patterns become solid 'programs' that dictate humans' behavior, emotions and thoughts and, therefore, must be 'unlearned' in order to make room for learning new things."
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Video Games and Violence in Children, 2008.
An overview of the effect that playing video games has on children's behavior.
4,854 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the influence that playing video games may have on children. It cites several studies that have been carried out on this subject and includes information, graphs and images connected to brain activity patterns. The author of this paper has also included recommendations from experts in the field, that parents, teachers and other adults monitor the time children spend playing video games, as well as the content of games.
Outline:
"It" Depends . . .
Contemporary Conflicting Consensuses
Causes Contributing to "It"
"It"
Kill-ology?
A Video Game Player's Brain
Positive Proponents Pointed Out
Trouble?
Father's Absence
A Repeated Theme
From the Paper
"In the study conducted during 1999, by the Media Analysis Laboratory at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, entitled "Video Game Culture: Leisure and Play Preferences of B.C. Teens," the video game industry earned 10 times the amount of children's television production: 30% of the U.S. toy market of $8.8 billion; larger than Hollywood's box office gross ($5.2 billion). ("Technology: Violence and Video Games," 1999, p. 173) According to Reuters (2007), "For 2006, PwC's preliminary estimates are for the U.S. gaming market to have expanded 10.6% to $9 billion."
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Rheumatoid Arthritis - Its Effect on Daily Living, 2008.
An examination of the importance of exercise and a positive mood for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
1,027 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the daily living of a patient. It describes the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and how it presents. The paper then focuses on the impact of exercise and mood on the severity of the disease and discusses the importance of ensuring enough exercise and positive mood for patients with the disease.
Table of Contents:
Review Of The Literature
Introduction to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Importance of Exercise for Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis
RA & ADL
From the Paper
"Patients with better mood "showed lower disease activity after one year of observation as compared with those with worse mood. As well as several reports relating diseases and mood, mental status has also been reported to affect immuno-regulatory systems. Chronic depression or chronic stress conditions lead to immuno-suppressive status and imbalance in corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which induces cancer and hyperthyroidism. It has been reported that depressive states induce suppression of mitogenic reaction in lymphocytes, decreases the number and activity of natural killer cells and decreases the production of interferon." Sadamoto, Ogawa, Ogura and Saito, 2006) The work of Gray (nd) entitled: "What Feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis are Hard to Cope with Psychologically and What Strategies Might be Helpful in Coping?" identifies the features of RA which are hard to psychologically cope with and explores the relationships between those features and negative psychological outcomes. The following figure shows the percentages of the disease symptoms and how the ability of those with RA are affected in coping."
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Psychology and 'Forrest Gump', 2008.
This paper studies the movie 'Forrest Gump' focusing on the psychology aspects of the film.
2,178 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces and analyzes the film 'Forrest Gump', directed by Robert Zemeckis. Specifically, the writer examines the character of Forrest Gump as it relates to human development and psychology. The writer notes that Forrest Gump's character in the film displays several characteristics of psychology, including emotion, naivete, adult development, limited IQ, behavior and adaptation. The writer points out that Forrest Gump also displays learning and conditioning and of course, personality and social and moral development. The writer concludes that psychologically, Forrest is simple-minded and has a low IQ, and yet, he seems more compassionate, caring, and innocent than just about any other adult could ever be.
From the Paper
"Forrest's innocence is like that of a child, which also helps make him more emotional than many adults even think of being. He wears his heart on his sleeve, and is never afraid to show someone how he feels, such as the time he sees Lt. Dan after the war, and is so incredibly happy to see him that he can hardly contain himself. Forrest is like that, he is not ashamed of his emotions and in that, he is like a child, always at wonder about the world around him, and not afraid to show it. This is another aspect of his psychology that is endearing and at odds with most adults. Forrest has the innocence and trust of a child, and so, he makes the audience look at their own cynicism and bitterness and question it. The character is deceptively simple, because in his simplicity and honesty he creates questions and wonder in the audience, and perhaps brings them to question their own emotions and innocence (or lack of it). He never sees the bad in a situation, only the good, and this makes him endearing, and someone to emulate, as well."
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"I Stand Here Ironing", 2008.
An analysis of the mother-daughter relationship in "I Stand Here Ironing" by Tillie Olsen.
1,508 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the mother in "I Stand Here Ironing" is stymied by guilt, helplessness and frustration for the poverty and providence that led her Emily to be a child that was rarely smiled at, often responsible for more than her years could handle and constantly faced with a look of worry from her mother. The paper explains the mother's many financial and other difficulties and relates that she actually followed all the then current advice on childrearing that promoted distance and little affection. The paper highlights this connection of distance between the mother and daughter.
From the Paper
"The mother is disturbed but has no answers, that will help her go back in time and allow Emily's childhood to be one that was not filled with fear, bad secondary care giving and a constant look of worry on her mothers face. She raised her oldest child, without the father, as he could not provide for them and therefore walked away. Necessity made it so the mother had to send Emily to her father's family at least twice, where she became a different child. When she was with her mother she often had bad secondary care givers, cruel nursery teachers and angry old ladies, who were willing to watch her for free."
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