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Management Theory, 2008.
A discussion on the evolution of schools of management theory.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, ever since the beginning of studying management in the late 1800s, management theory has progressed through different schools. The paper describes decades of various management theories and suggests that the number of schools indicates that there is no agreement on the best strategy. The paper concludes that today managers have to deal with an entire corporate system rather than dealing with single parts; therefore, it is important to understand and strategically plan for a whole system by applying a balanced approach to management.
Table of Contents:
The Classical School
Scientific Management: 1880s
Administrative Management: 1940s
Bureaucratic Management: 1920s
The Behavioral School
Human Relations: 1930s
Behavioral Science: 1950s
The Quantitative School
Management Science and MIS: 1940s
Production and Operations Management: 1940s
Systems School: 1950s
Contingency School: 1970s
From the Paper
"There was a group of experimenters, which included Clair Turner, Fritz J. Roethlisberger, and Elton Mayo, that began the Hawthorne Experiments in 1924, continuing them through the early 1930s. They concluded that workers' attitudes have a lot to do with their productivity. They also found that the workplace is a social place to be and that groups there were very influential on other workers' behavior. Supervision was also found to be important to job satisfaction. They concluded that workers and managers must cooperate and collaborate in order to achieve productivity."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A research paper discussing the breadth and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
9,571 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 48 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
In this research, the writer provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is then followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Parents and other adult caregivers therefore stand out as the primary factors that can either contribute to the incidence of adolescent substance abuse or help encourage young people to avoid such behaviors. Parents can also influence adolescent substance abuse indirectly through their impact on peer group selection. Therefore, the relational patterns that exist within the family and peer group systems appear to represent an important consideration in the development of efficacious treatment protocols for adolescent substance abuse.
"Unfortunately, many young people come from homes where adult substance abuse is a matter of course, and it would appear reasonable to assert that such adults have little incentive or the resources they need to provide their children with the guidance they need during this formative period in their lives. Moreover, there was a distinct downward spiral quality to these behaviors that make early interventions absolutely critical because the more young people engage in such behaviors, the harder it is to effect change, not to mention the increased risk these young people run of becoming yet another grim statistic related to adolescent substance abuse in the United States today."
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Autism Interventions in the Classroom, 2008.
This paper looks at therapies and services for assisting autistic students.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses how one may be an informed consumer of and referral sources for psychotherapy services for children on the autism spectrum. This work explores the basics of psychotherapy services, including the commonalities across different brands of therapy and the various venues of these services, such as community mental health center in Vermont and individual private practices. Further, the writer looks at what accommodations must be made in standard therapy approaches in order to be effective with an elementary school level of autistic student. This work describes how an educator would integrate this into current work.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Behavioral Interventions and Psychological Interventions
Interventions in the Classroom
Behavioral Therapy & Psychological Interventions
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"Social intervention includes teaching the child how to start a conversation and how to reply to others as well as how to close a conversation. Children with ASD need practice with social skills much the same as other students need to practice math or writing. The provision of step-by-steep instructions and exercises greatly assist the ASD child. Role-playing social interactions through use of a script with simple steps assist the ASD child in social interactions. Identification of opportunities that the ASD child can work in collaboration with another student is a great method for teaching social skills to the ASD child. The ASD child's effort may be offered support through designation of a helper and teaching the ASD child to become aware of the thoughts and feelings of others is very important."
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Efficacy of Court Ordered Substance Abuse Therapy, 2008.
A research paper that analyzes the efficacy of court ordered substance abuse treatment programs and the factors that influence them.
31,403 words (approx. 125.6 pages), 29 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper focuses on the efficacy of the drug courts over the ten year period of change in the landscape that has impacted substance abuse treatment programs. It measures the impact, if any, that the changing landscape has had on these programs. The paper serves as a framework for an understanding and appreciation for the myriad of elements that serve as the impetus for drug abuse and discusses the issues and obstacles offenders face and must overcome in compliance with their court ordered treatment. It explores the impact of publicly and privately funded programs that provide treatment and support to individuals mandated into the programs by the drug courts.
Table of Contents:
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Scope
Study Purpose
Background
Sensitizing Framework
Significance to Drug Court Judges
Significance to Substance Abuse Program Teams
CHAPTER 2: Research Question and Methodology
CHAPTER 3: Literature Review
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Drug Courts: Treating Drug Abusers with the Law
The Drug Court Structure, Participants, Elements and Mission
Inside a Drug Court
Under the Influence of Addiction
Chapter Three: Mandatory Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Chapter Four: Tools of the Court
Sentencing
Mandatory Drug Testing
Chapter Five: Identifying the Populations
Adult Male
Adult Female
Adolescents
A Common Thread
The Controversy
Chapter Six: Group Medical, Medicare, Medicaid, Cash and Managed Care
Chapter Seven: Program Availability
Chapter Eight: Analysis of Study Data
Chapter Nine: Summary and Conclusion
Recommendations Based on Findings
Acronyms and Definitions
Appendixes
From the Paper
"Sally Satel (2000) writes that many diseases and afflictions are a manifestation of the living environment in which people live; and for that reason, it was inevitable that court ordered substance abuse treatment came about. Satel writes, ". . . it was inevitable that public health would overlap with public policy (p. 10)." With drug related crime at an all time high, and with the use and addiction to methamphetamines which has swept the country in the past decade, the inevitability has become a reality on a large scale. Unfortunately, the very services that moved from the dark side of society, where it was relegated to since the earliest history of mankind; and which during the late 1970s and 1980s moved to the forefront of medicine, psychiatric care and substance abuse, has now, even in face of the recognition for the dire need for those services, become near non-existent in for-profit health care and relegated to the spheres of community based services where is has become crippled as a viable service due to lack of funding from the public and government arenas where it now remains stagnant as a result of that lack of funding."
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The Maslow Hierarchy, 2008.
A discussion of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs model and its role in an organization's success.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Maslow's concepts concerning employers' responsibilities to offer a work environment that motivates and encourages personnel to attain self-actualization. The paper relates that it is necessary to develop top-down employee communication programs that keep people aware of changes, the reasons for these changes, the impact on them and how their involvement is needed to implement the transitions. The paper further relates that providing information is different than providing knowledge. The paper explains that whether people receive information or knowledge is based on their location on the Maslow hierarchy, which can be determined through different means.
From the Paper
"Despite the fact that Abraham Maslow developed his needs theory approximately 60 years ago, it is just as relevant today. Humans have personal needs that must be filled in order to reach the highest level of self-actualization. In order to best motivate their employees and to be the most competitive, organizations must consider this hierarchy of needs when developing strategies. One of the ways is to ensure that proper communication is provided to employees, especially in times of rapid change."
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The Body-Mind Relationship, 2008.
This paper studies the implications of biology in the treatment of mental health patients.
4,526 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the biology of behavior, referring to neurophysiology, neurochemistry and hormonal influences as they contribute to the development of behavior, learning, memory, emotions and specific disorders. The paper discusses the disconnect between biology and psychology and the disturbing implications for mental health practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Over the course of the twentieth century, research into the development of the human mind has led to a more integral understanding of behavior, learning and cognition. Although the insight garnered through research has answered a number of pertinent questions, the reality is that this research has raised as many, if not more, questions than it is has answered. This is because as understanding of the human mind expands, the relationship between the body and the mind becomes more integrated and complex, requiring researchers to understand both dimensions of human existence in order to garner a complete comprehension of the human experience."
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Social Deviance, 2008.
This paper reviews theories of social deviance.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper defines social deviance as social behavior that is a recognized violation of societal norms. The category of formal deviation includes petite crime, assault, burglary, sexual crimes and other crimes, such as mass murder and terrorism. The paper describes the neutralization theory, Merton's strain theory and Rotter's social learning theory as they apply to various types of crimes. The paper concludes that, although different types of behavior are motivated by dissimilar sociological or psychological behaviors, different types of crimes can be explained by a combination of three to four deviant behavior theories.
From the Paper
"Although there have been several associations of crime with neutralization, but research results have leaned towards occasional crimes. Thus, petty crimes such as shoplifting, traffic offenses, and assault can be more readily explained through the neutralization theory. Neutralization seems especially appropriate for explaining accounts associated with minor law breaking. Shoplifting behaviors and traffic violations can also be linked to Neutralization. This is more appropriate because of the use of justifications typically present in minor law breaking, which are made by otherwise normal citizens."
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2008.
An outline of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its treatment.
1,884 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as its treatment. The paper explains that this disorder results from a chemical imbalance in the brain and not merely from a traumatic experience.
Outline:
Introduction
Effects and Causes
Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a terrifying event, where physical harm occurred. Some traumatic events may consist of violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat. The cause of post-traumatic stress disorder is unclear, however it is believed that chemicals or hormones released during a traumatic situation may cause long-term changes in the structures and functions of the brain."
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Illusion and Reality in "Araby", 2008.
This paper discusses the counter-themes of illusion and reality within James Joyce's short story "Araby".
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in James Joyce's short story "Araby", the narrator's view of the world seems to be that it is a relatively mundane, routine and unexciting place except when interrupted by his adolescent sensual thoughts and therefore rises a fresh, new and exciting reason to hope, dream and fantasize beyond his usual and predictable home, school and church routine. The writer notes that Joyce develops within this story counter-themes of illusion and reality: the illusion on the boy's part of romantic love for "Mangan's sister" juxtaposed against the more mundane realities of his true everyday existence, including the reality that the boy's own actions and mobility are determined by others.
From the Paper
"Soon the boy cannot extract his sensual images of Mangan's sister from his mind, even long enough to say his prayers. Thoughts of Mangan's sister interfere impede his concentration at school. Neither God nor his studies is in his own mind any match for Mangan's sister. Soon, and without understanding why, the picture inside his head of Mangan's sister, distorted or real, takes on iconic significance, substituting for reality in a way far more, in fact deliciously, exciting. However, by the end of the story, the young boy's reality, which has to do with acquiescing to priorities of those older than himself than it does fulfilling his own desires, pulls him back, and much-cherished hope of buying and presenting Mangan's sister with a special gift from Araby is destroyed by the simple fact that his uncle's tardiness has caused him to arrive to late to Araby to buy her a gift.
"When the boy becomes fascinated with Mangan's sister, his mind wanders far from his usual reality, which consists of school, church, home, and the authority of others - religious, parental, and otherwise."
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Symbolic Convergence Theory, 2008.
An analysis of symbolic convergence theory.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This essay describes symbolic convergence theory, postulated by Ernest Bormann and used in group (especially small group) interaction and activity. The paper points out that, quite often in the business, political or social world several individuals with different backgrounds, aptitudes and preferences are asked to work together in a group. The theory addresses these kinds of situations. The paper concludes that the theory is somewhat too simple and limited to be anything else than an intuitive observation, with no potential for development and no real essential reflection on communication or group work.
From the Paper
"An important characteristic of the fantasy that needs to be shared with the group is that it needs to belong outside the group and, in this sense, outside the idea that is shared or discussed with the group. The respective fantasy shared by one of the individuals is supposed to be able to trigger a similar reaction from the other members of the group and increase cohesion. As such, someone else from the group might remember that it's also the birthday of a member of his own family and he will share this with the group. This creates a symbolic convergence that will help increase the convergence of the group and helps "build a sense of community or a group consciousness" (Young, 1998; from Griffin, 1997)."
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Healthcare, Hospitals and the Uninsured, 2008.
An examination of the impact of the uninsured population on Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center.
1,807 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center, an acute inpatient care facility for adults, adolescents and children. The paper discusses how the facility had to adjust from a largely insured patient population, to a largely Medicare, Medicaid and uninsured population. The paper describes the difficulty in running Sidonia with such high running costs. The paper warns that while the debate continues daily about what to do about the uninsured in America, hospitals, especially specialty care like Sidonia, are getting closer to closing their doors to inpatient care altogether.
Outline:
Ten Years Ago
Today
Staffing
The Future
From the Paper
"Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center is licensed for 110 beds, but utilize only 100 of those beds. They are an acute inpatient care facility for adults, adolescents, and children. This includes a dual diagnosis ward for adult drug and alcohol patients whose primary diagnosis is a psychiatric diagnosis, but whose secondary diagnosis is one of drug and alcohol abuse and addiction. Sidonia has been in operation for more than 20 years, since the middle 1980s, which is the halfway point between the emergence of managed care and overhaul of existing group plans, which evolved into today's managed care programs and the representative group benefit plans, which are vastly different than those of the 1980s."
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Personality Types in Business, 2008.
This paper looks at personality assessment tests and techniques.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Myers-Briggs, Holland Codes and strong interest inventory personality tests that help companies determine the viability and suitability of employees or clients. The paper points out that whatever purpose business, human resources departments or employees have, there is a personality assessment method appropriate to the requirements and it is up to the individual or group to research the available methods and use them accordingly.
Outline:
Executive Summary
The Myers-Briggs, Holland Codes and Strong Interest Inventory Personality Type Assessment
Use of the Different Personality Assessment Tests in Business
From the Paper
"Business and industry have gone through tremendous changes throughout the last few decades. Competition amongst businesses not only in terms of getting clients but getting the right people to do the required tasks is unprecedented. The atmosphere has become more competitive especially in today's globalize world where employers no longer compete for resources - human or otherwise - locally but regionally and worldwide as well. Before, a public relations firm in Minneapolis could have its choice of different PR experts locally; and can even shortlist the creme de la creme of the industry. Nowadays, the same PR firm must look nationally and the top candidates would not only have offers in key U.S. cities' PR firms but London, Shanghai, Macau, Manila, Paris or Bonn's PR firms as well."
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National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 2008.
An analysis of the goals, technical aspects, and results of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign.
3,004 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign put out by the Office of National Drug Control Policy. It describes the goal and basis of the campaign, as well as its target audiences. The paper looks at the strategic resources of the campaign and its theoretical basis. The paper then discusses the campaign from a technical point of view and discusses its results.
From the Paper
"While the message was conveyed under the form of news in the papers, it sometimes took the form of an advertorial in magazines. In this way, the target was reached from multiple directions and with an increased frequency. Since framing directs the creation of meaning, the use of various framing techniques underlines the complexity of the campaign.
"Understanding the target audiences influenced the conception of the campaign's content. The texts (the signs) that were written and then transmitted through various media were adapted in their form (use of images, metaphors, tone of voice, etc.) so that they had the capacity to draw the attention of the audience."
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Alcohol Use, 2008.
Looks at the diminution in alcohol use in the U.S. and Europe.
2,740 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the decrease in the use of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. and Europe is because alcoholic beverages, which once had a status as almost indispensable diet items, today are commodities of discretionary consumption. The paper relates that this shift was affected by several factors, including demographic changes, economic shifts, new social pressures, a growing health consciousness and direct action of the temperance movement. The paper also relates that teenage drinking is still a problem since young people are not given norms by which to judge their own behavior and thus emulate what they see in the adult world without the social anchor to do so responsibly.
From the Paper
"The Canadian market is more like the American market than it is the European. For the beer industry today, based on reports from the advertising undertaken by different companies, the primary target market in North America as a whole consists of men and younger adults. This fact also explains the emphasis on youth in certain television ads, often with images of people in their twenties in singles bars, at parties, and in locales such as the beach, a swimming pool, a barbecue, or similar site."
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Children and Habits, Tastes and Consumption, 2008.
This paper researches what control or agency children have in the construction of their own habits, tastes and consumption, focusing in particular on the United Kingdom.
5,042 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
Many of the same forces that are driving globalization are also fueling new interest in what childhood developmental differences exist among different countries in an effort to better understand how these differences may affect interpersonal relationships and social patterns in increasingly multicultural societies. While it is reasonable to assume that children all over the world share many of the same wants, needs and desires, it is also reasonable to assume that there are some fundamental differences that exist concerning what control or agency these children have in the construction of their own habits, tastes and consumption patterns as well. To identify these differences and determine their impact on modern societies, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature with a specific focus on the United Kingdom as well as an examination of these issues as they relate to other countries in North America, Europe and Southeast Asia as well. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Cultural Influences of the Development of Individual Habits, Tastes and Consumption Patterns
Implications for Control or Agency of Children's Tastes and Habits.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In their book, 'The Politics of Consumption, Daunton and Hilton' (2001) report that consumption patterns that involve children have been the source of increasing attention in recent years: 'The status of individual goods has inspired particular moral critiques. Goods have been criticized for undermining control of the self such as alcohol, tobacco and other narcotics. Goods themselves may be morally acceptable, but the way in which they are produced, by non-free or sweated labour, may be the cause of moral and political complaint. And goods have been criticized when consumed by particular sections of the community, such as by children or by those who have inspired 'moral panics'' (p. 3). According to these authors, 'Within the modern state, the history of consumer politics and citizenship can be better understood as the history of the rights and duties which societies and individuals attach to consumption' (Daunton & Hilton, 2001, p. 13). Indeed, globalization is being driven by such consumption patterns and it is reasonable to assert that as children in the emerging nations of the world gain access to the material goods enjoyed by their counterparts in more affluent societies, their perceptions of what is good and bad will be swayed as well. As these authors put it, 'It is not so much a history of how consumer rights have been constructed and incorporated into state-sanctioned notions of citizenship, but a history of how rights and duties, the central pillars of liberal citizenship, have been constantly redefined in their relationship to consumption' (Daunton & Hilton, 2001, p. 13)."
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Group Dynamics and Technology, 2008.
An examination of group dynamics in a technological world.
1,557 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether group dynamics become increasingly relevant, practical or important as society adjusts to a more technological and united world. The paper explains that although technology has enabled human beings to become more isolated, hiding behind their computer screens on one hand, for an organization to manage the increasingly complex processes required for its operations, encouraging individuals to work in teams is increasingly valued, and the ability to cooperate is seen as an essential character trait in employees. The paper then points out that organizations in the future will face the challenge of having to unite workers who may be less and less well-versed in the emotional skills necessary to create a cohesive group unit. The paper also looks at how, as organizations grow ever-larger, newly merged entities must bring together a variety of individuals from diverse backgrounds and skills to work together.
From the Paper
"Group activity is often referred to as "shared cooperative activity" which is something fewer and fewer Americans are seeking in their leisure time activities. Civic affiliation is on the decline yet more and more employers are demanding they engage in teamwork at work, as noted in Putnam's landmark 1995 sociological study Bowling Alone. The image of people bowling alone, side-by-side in the same building, but not involved in the same game demonstrates how an activity that multiple people happen to perform simultaneously is not a group activity, with the type of interactive dynamics necessary for creative and productive dialogue (Pavitt, 2004). Rather, a true group is a collection of people with the intention of pursuing some shared goal, intending to act together, in the pursuit of that agreed-upon purpose. Charles Pavitt adds the caveat that each person in a group must intend that each other person in the aggregate acts in pursuit of the goal."
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 2008.
An analysis of the varied literature regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
3,881 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the varied and abundant literature that exists regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The paper discusses the conclusions from many of the studies and how they are, at least in some cases, seen as very controversial, and are sparking a large amount of scholarly debate over the correct methods of addressing such a prevalent problem.
From the Paper
"Other studies look to treat not just the physical ailments, disabilities or anomalies of ADHD but look to discover how treatments used to treat other disorders can affect those with ADHD if they were treated with them. One study showed the effects of behavioral therapy on autistic children and concluded, "Results suggest that behavioral treatment was effective for children with autism in the study" (Eikeseth, Smith, Jahr, Eldivik, 2007, p. 264). This leads to the question of whether such treatments can also assist those who are affected by ADHD. This particular study could be of interest because it dealt with such young subjects (ages 4-7) and it showed excellent results. If these same type of treatments were available for individuals with ADHD, and they worked as well, it would seem that implementation of this type of treatment would be beneficial to society, just like a study on a community's water source might also be beneficial."
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Critical Psychology, 2008.
A discussion to explain the meaning of the term "critical psychology".
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper states that there is no practical definition of "critical psychology" and then offers a suggestion. The paper states that critical psychology should contain certain components and the paper highlights them and addresses them. The paper explains that the field of critical psychology takes a critical look at mainstream psychology, and in the process, embraces several disciplines within the field of psychology that practitioners of critical psychology feel have been ignored by mainstream psychology.
From the Paper
"Parker wrote that critical psychology should include these important components: one, a "systematic examination" of how some aspects of mainstream psychological dynamics operate "ideologically and in the service of power" (in other words, mainstream psychology supports the status quo which is not always on the right side of social change); two, critical psychology should include a study of the ways in which "all varieties of psychology are culturally historically constructed," and how alternative versions of psychology may "confirm or resist ideological assumptions in mainstream models"; three, critical psychology should be a study of "forms of surveillance and self-regulation" in daily life patterns; and four, critical psychology should be an "Exploration of the way 'ordinary psychology' structures academic and professional work in psychology," and how everyday actions might offer the substance of a strategy for resisting "contemporary disciplinary practices."
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Freud and Gender Identity, 2008.
A discussion of Sigmund Freud's research into gender identity.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
In this paper, Sigmund Freud's research into sexuality bisexuality, homosexuality, gender issues) is reviewed. The paper holds that Freud is respected for much of the original research he conducted into the differences between the sexes, the personality issues that are affected by psycho/sexual dynamics, dream psychology, gender identity and other areas of psychology. It claims, however, that more than a hundred years after his work, there are more than a few questions about the objectivity of his research, the credibility of his theories, and accuracy of his work. The paper concludes that after examining the events that were happening in his life during the time he conducted some of the research, there is room for some doubt.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, according to Myths and Mysteries of Same Sex Love (Christine Downing), Freud himself was involved in "perversions" (e.g., homosexual relationships) with other men, namely Josef Breuer, Wilhelm Fliess (beginning in 1887) and later with Carl Jung, his close associate in research - a third gay relationship which was at its most intense period from 1907-1912, according to Downing (24). Knowing this information could possibly have the potential of casting a shadow of doubt on some of Freud's work in the area of same sex relationships and same sex research."
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