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Democracy - the Best System of Government?, 2008.
The paper examines the idea that democracy is a system of government that can be imposed on a state.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The author of the paper explores the idea that democracy, whilst widely accepted as being the ideal method of ruling a country, may not always be suitable for all states, peoples or situations. The writer also attempts to answer the question as to whether or not democracy can be imposed from without. The writer examines attempts to establish a democratic system of government in countries such as Iraq, Somalia, Sudan and South Africa amongst others. The author's conclusions regarding the attempt of western nations and the United Nations to establish democracy in states with no real history or culture of democracy are quite definite. He then continues and examines the reasons behind the apparent failure of democracy to take hold in such countries.
From the Paper
"The American view of democracy however was the one that would eventually prevail and would stand at the basis of the democratic system as it is today. The American Revolution, one of the few internal struggles of the young nation targeted precisely this establishment of the British democratic system. Its aim was to create a state power that would include the entire array of political and democratic forces that made up the society. In this sense, the term of good governance and power of the people became intrinsic values of the system the US tried to promote in the centuries following its constitution. At this moment in or history, these are the pillars of the notion of democracy as promoted throughout the world. They represent the emanation of a historical tradition of social responsibility, political accountability, and most importantly, respect for human and civil rights."
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The Underclass versus the Overclass, 2008.
An examination of the impact of policies to distribute funding to the underclass of society.
3,367 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the underclass of society versus the overclass. It discusses how policies are created distributing subsidy funding to try to improve the problems encountered by the underclass, but that this often results in a fear and distrust of members of the underclass. It questions whether these policies ameliorate or perpetuate the crime and behaviors of what has been termed this underclass of society.
From the Paper
"The conflict theory views society itself as several separate groups, many with conflicting and contrasting viewpoints and values. In this view the state is perceived as representing the interests of the overclass. In this justice system, laws are enacted in order to protect this class and their powerful and elitist interests. Punishment here is often based on more fungible variables and is inconsistent with a fixed system and more in line with a prejudicial overcompensating rule of law that uses variable such as race and social class to further exacerbate the punishment not truly fitting the crime. (Sampson, and Laub) The conflict viewpoint seems to fit the current situation more precisely."
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NATO and Afghanistan, 2008.
A examination of the success of NATO forces in Afghanistan.
2,218 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role NATO holds, as an element in the Afghanistan war, due to the wide range of its activities and the resources it has at its disposal for the mission of creating a safe, viable, and functional state in Afghanistan. It also gives a background of the mission, the main aims set for the International Security Assistance Force, the results in terms of both successes and failures, and future actions needed to reach the final outcome set in the mission's statement.
Outline:
Background
NATO , success and failure
Bibliography
From the Paper
"There is a confusing aspect related to the actual ISAF mission which is generally viewed as being a UN force. However, it must be pointed out the fact that although it has the agreement of the United Nations and it is in full cooperation with the UN mission on the ground, its methods and actions are different from the ones typically used in UN missions. From this point of view, in order to assess the success of the NATO presence in Afghanistan, it is important to consider the areas in which it is involved. "
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Government Contracting and Green Buying, 2008.
A look at how governments can contribute towards protecting the environment.
912 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the subject of increasing levels of pollution and diminishing resources of the natural environment. Its aim is to define the term 'Green buying' and link it to governmental procurement. Among other important issues, the report describes the reasons why the central authority must be involved in the environmental elements of the national society.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Green Power
Governmental Role
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Specialists in the field highlight the fact that the natural resources for the above mentioned elements would last for a limited number of years - let us say 30-50 years. But what happens after that? It is well known that energetic factors are a very delicate issue- petroleum and natural gas are topics that deploy wars and terror against entire countries. Corporations have made the first step in handling the case by focusing on the finding of new methods to create energy and replace the traditional energetic means. The 'Green power' includes factors like wind, bio-energy, geothermal, solar and hydroelectric energy. However, corporations are not alone in this struggle against the limited resources of Earth; Governments around the world try under different forms to create incentives or even enforce directives for enabling the focus on green products for the end consumer and third companies involved. In the next paragraphs, we shall tackle the Green power topics, briefly describing each element of the category and describe how Governments can induce the ecologic point of view in the national economies of states around the globe."
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Cultural relations in the Wake of 9/11, 2008.
This paper describes different schools of thought regarding cultural relations following the 9/11 attacks in the United States.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses relations between cultures, civilizations, ways of life and existing tensions following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. In particular, the author examines past research done by scholars such as Samuel Huntington, Telhami, Tarik Ali and Dr. Mathieu Guidere and Dr. Newton Howard all of whom, in his opinion, have interesting yet differing views on the subject. The writer then examines, discusses and compares the theories of each.
From the Paper
"There are interesting arguments from all parts and it is hard to advocate a single point of view. Huntington's perception is indeed appropriate but it lacks the precision of a scientific research; therefore his argument on the clash of civilization as the new causes for war is relatively vague. Telhami on the other hand makes an interesting point in the sense that his perspective is a useful tactics for the negotiation process. Nonetheless, the "supply and demand" technique cannot be implemented in in the conditions in which the two sides have not established contact, a situation most common in conflict environments. Tarik Ali's argument on a clash of fundamentalisms, although underlines the role of the extreme dimension of ideas, religions, cultures, and national identities, he places too much accent on the actual role of fundamentalist values for the coming conflicts."
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Marx, Kafka and Foreign Languages, 2008.
This paper discusses the concept of a foreign language according to the beliefs of Franz Kafka and Karl Marx.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses the concepts of a common language and a foreign language. The writer notes that in his 'Communist Manifesto', Karl Marx at one point states that a foreign language is only appropriated by translation. The writer explains that Marx believes that a foreign language only becomes a foreign language when it is identified as being foreign and thus set off from the "normal" or accepted language through the process of foreign language translation. At the same time, in his 'An Introductory Talk on the Yiddish Language', Franz Kafka once described the relationship between the German and Yiddish language as being related in that Yiddish is the only language that allows the Jew to describe their suffering at the hands of the German language. The writer maintains that taken together, what both authors claim is that the act of translating a foreign language is futile in that, within the translation, the concepts or emotions of the words and language becomes lost and thus the result of the translation is a foreign language.
From the Paper
"According to Marx, language and political or economic power does not intertwine. Take for instance the case of Russia. For centuries the dominant language of Russia has been Russian. This has been the language of all classes of people. Even after the fall of the Czar and the reign of Communist Russia, Russian remained the national language. Likewise, after the fall of the communist regime and the establishment of the Russian Federation, Russian remains the language of the nation.
"However, when the Soviet Union began to colonize the surrounding states, such as the Ukraine, Georgia, Estonia, and the nations of Central Asia, part of the plan was to enforce the Russian way of life onto these people and thus make them Russian."
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Education in Third World Countries, 2008.
The writer studies the advantages of education to a nation and examines the status of education in third world countries.
2,729 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that achieving universal education is one of the UN's 8 Millennium Development Goals agreed to in 2000 by all the world's countries and the world's leading development institutions. The writer points out that although some progress has been made in increasing the level of education in most countries, a number of third world countries have fallen behind in their effort and are unlikely to achieve the goal by the target date of 2015. The writer outlines the benefits of education and discusses the co-relation between illiteracy and poverty. The writer then reviews the status of education in the third world countries. Finally, the writer enumerates the reasons for high levels of illiteracy in these countries and looks at how they can be overcome.
Outline:
Benefits of Education
Responsibility of Governments in Education and its Social Benefits
Individual/ Private Benefits
Co-relation between Poverty and Literacy
The State of Education in Third World Countries
Reasons for the Continuing Low Education Levels
Overcoming the Barriers
References
From the Paper
"There is a strong correlation between poverty and illiteracy. Wherever literacy rates are lower, poverty rates are invariably higher and vice-versa. The relationship between the two is a vicious circle as poor countries do not have sufficient resources to invest in education; most of the people who survive on incomes of less than 2 dollars a day cannot afford to send their children to school. On the other hand, a low literacy rate is a major barrier against personal improvement and prevents the poorest people to lift themselves out of the poverty trap.
"For example, in third world countries such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mozambique and Nepal, 78% or more of the population lives on incomes below US$2 per day, adult literacy rates are below 63%, and the number of adult illiterates exceeds 5 million in each country."
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MI6: Stephen Dorril, 2008.
This paper discusses the British intelligence service and studies Stephen Dorril's book, 'MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence'.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, intentionally and deliberately helped to initiate the Cold War, and then kept it going. The writer maintains that this is one of the thrusts of Stephen Dorril's book, 'MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence'. The writer discusses that another clear message from Dorril's book is that there were numerous misguided and failed strategies used by the British in their attempts at covert influence against communism during the Cold War. This paper outlines several intelligence operations that were run against the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The writer also reviews whether the operation was a success or a failure and assesses the reasons why they succeeded or failed.
From the Paper
"Working in tandem with the R5 (MI6's anti-Soviet group), IRD had agents in British embassies around the world. The task of the R5 was to plant stories, create forgeries, lies and fabrications to be broadcast on secretly funded (by the MI6) radio stations and newspapers. This was pure propaganda, and it was linked to the truth (because the Soviets indeed had slave labor camps and gulags), but ultimately it failed and was shut down. On page 80 Dorril explains that "secrecy does not ultimately corrupt" and the R5 was really no better, in the end, than Soviet propaganda. This was a dismal failure on the part of Britain to establish on the ground floor something that would eventually become an intelligence operation."
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The Great Awakening, 2008.
The paper discusses the 'Great Awakening' and looks at the related religious and political aspects and power structure.
1,311 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses class differences during the 'Great Awakening'. The writer maintains that those who practiced the established religions tended to be of a different class and outlook of those who heeded the call of the 'Great Awakening' preachers. The established plutocrats found the new religious movements threatening, and thereby controversial. The writer addresses the 'Great Awakening' as a controversy between the existing, moneyed classes and the local traders, artisans and the laboring poor.
From the Paper
"The colonists were spread out, rural, and had little contact with the religion of the larger towns, such as Boston and Philadelphia. Nearly all professed some form of religion, and nearly all needed religious and moral support for the perils they were facing: death, childbirth, Indian raids, and the terrifying images of hell. The established, Puritan religion of the Massachusetts Colony preached that not attending church every day would lead to eternal damnation. Many who lived in rural areas were unable to attend church. These were the farmers, the hunters, the small tradesmen, who were God-fearing but bereft of formal Church support.
"The obvious solution was the itinerant preacher, who brought God to the settlements and villages in the far-flung hinterlands. The need was great throughout the Colonies, and many preachers arose to take on the task."
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KGB and Intelligence, 2008.
This paper studies the KGB and provides a summary of Soviet intelligence operations.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the early history of Russia's intelligence service prior to the beginning of the Cold War. The writer then looks at the major features of Soviet internal counter-intelligence operations and the major strengths and weaknesses of Soviet counter-intelligence during this period. A discussion of the major features of Russian foreign intelligence operations against the United States during this period is followed by an evaluation of the degree of success of these early operations and the reasons for such success. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Early History of Russia's Intelligence Service Pre-Cold War
Major Features of Soviet Internal Counterintelligence Operations
Major Strengths and Weaknesses of Soviet Counterintelligence Pre-Cold War
Major Features of Russian Foreign Intelligence Operations against the US
Degree of Success of Early Operations and the Contributing Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world watched in wonder as the former mighty Soviet empire collapsed in the early 1990s, and the ugly face of the Iron Curtain was finally erased from the European continent. One of the more interesting mechanisms by which the Soviet Union managed to survive as long as it did was the KGB, the infamous Russian spy agency that was officially dissolved in 1991, but has since managed to reformulate itself into yet another intelligence-gathering organization. The KGB's activities prior to the Cold War, though, also contributed to the successful outcome of World War II as well as the Soviet Union's subsequent efforts to "bury the West" in years to come. To determine what transpired pre-Cold War ..."
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Globalization: Making Society Better, 2008.
This paper studies the effects of globalization and looks at its benefits to nations.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that from being demonized to lauded as the most critical economic engine that underprivileged nations have to rely on, globalization's influence is often clouded by inaccurate and often biased reporting and slanted by the political agendas of nations affected by its dynamics. The writer maintains that paradoxically the nations that have resisted globalization including many in Latin America are suffering economically more than ever before mainly due to their political instability and anti-globalization stance. Conversely, China and the Pacific Rim nations have taken a decidedly pro-globalization stance and as a result are reaping both democratic and economic gains, leading to gains in education, health care and ultimately the abilities of their countries to compete globally more effectively. In this paper the writer argues the benefits of globalization and looks at how nations' economies are further strengthened by participating and competing as a result. The writer concludes that globalization's effects on nations is to make them capable enough to seize freedoms that myopic and ill-advised anti-globalization activists would seek to rob from them through protectionism and ignorance of the fact that any given nations' ability to grow is based on its ability to globally compete.
Outline:
Synopsis
Defining Globalization
Globalization is Forcing a Concentrated Market Orientation
Summary
From the Paper
"When cost reduction is seen as the greatest competitive threat, it is easy for complacent organizations to rationalize that their products deliver superior value to their low-cost rivals. Yet the organizations with complacent cultures would do well to look deeper at their global competitors and realize a few key points. First, the fact that for many of these low-cost competitors, their core strength is in taking production, selling, and service processes to a new level of simplicity; something a competitor in a complacent environment will not even see. Second, there is the fact that every organization today is on a global playing field, every day, whether they want to see that perspective or not. Third, the fact that there are price leaders in every industry is no predictor of industry consolidation or contraction. When one considers these three key points its clear that for even the most complacent of organizations, they must see themselves as being a global competitor if they are to survive. Managerial decisions need to be more about heightening customer value over simply turning a deaf ear to global competition."
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The Real ID Act, 2008.
A discussion of the controversy around the Real ID Act, which was created after September 11 as a governmental measure for preventing future terrorist attacks.
1,503 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Real ID Act (RIDA), which was passed by Congress after the terrorist attacks of September 11, and which is expected to become effective in December, 2009. The author explains the reasons for setting up the Real ID Act and what will be required on the new national identification card. The author discusses the ongoing debate around it and the opposition by many of the states to it, due to its enormous funding costs and the increased risk of identity theft. The author concludes that it is unlikely that the Real ID Act will discourage terrorism, as terrorists will continue to find ways to obtain identification, and that its controversial nature will most likely preclude its implementation in all states by the end of 2009, at least in its current form.
From the Paper
"Enforcing the Real ID Act will eventually prove to be a real bureaucratic nightmare considering the amount of work that must be made to replace all existing cards. Besides, considering the creation of a national database and the documentation required for being issued a card, cardholders would be even more exposed to identity theft and their privacy can be threatened. The Real ID Act is regarded by many lawmakers as another one of the methods used by the American government to have greater control over individual freedom under the excuse of providing security. The Real ID Act is regarded as unnecessary and useless, time and money consuming. Based on these arguments, several states have already refused the implementation of the Real ID Act on their territory and in many other states there are pending bills regarding the non-implementation of the Act (Behreandt, 2007)."
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Is Green Here to Stay?, 2008.
A discussion on the "Green Movement" and its activities.
2,495 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the "Green Movement" encompasses the ideology of ecology, conservation, environmental concerns, the feminist movement, and peace movement and comments that if it sounds like the hippies of the 1960s grown up, it is probably at least partially true. The paper further notes that everything is going "green" from building materials to political parties and that the "green" ticket is the rallying cry for those that support environmentalism, sustainable living, nonviolence, and humanitarian concerns. In addition, the paper notes that actors and politicians alike endorse the green movement which has also invaded pop culture and appears to be here to stay, and that the conflict arises because we live in a consumer-oriented society. This research explores the green movement and its future.
From the Paper
"One of the key hallmarks of the green movement is that they will not allow trade-offs for any reason other than humanitarian. The Green movement places concern for the environment at the top of their list. It is difficult to argue their cause. Who in their right mind would not be concerned about destruction of the resources that we need to live on planet earth? Although one cannot question their key motives, some say that they take things too far."
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Small Business Administration, 2008.
A look at the Small Business Administration's (SBA) assistance to individuals in starting new businesses.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of the aid provided by the Small Business Administration for the start-up of small businesses. The paper then conducts an interview with Steve Preston, SBA administrator, who speaks about how SBA has been discharging its role in supporting individuals to start new ventures. The paper details the questions and answers about loan programs, qualifying for a SBA guarantee, how the loan works and finally, some of the achievements of SBA loan program.
From the Paper
"The recognition of small business as a separate entity dates back to 1950s with Congress extending the Small Business Administration -- SBA for two years in 1955 and, after a one-year temporary extension in 1957, converted the SBA as a permanent agency in 1958. In that year, Congress also initiated an important new program to extend equity and long-term capital for small business that, similar to the programs authorized in 1953, continued to be constituent of the SBA's aid portfolio during the 1990s. (Anglund, 41) "
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George Orwell against Totalitarianism, 2008.
This paper discusses George Orwell's crusade against totalitarianism, concentrating on his book "1984".
1,661 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that George Orwell was a crusader when it came to totalitarianism. The one power he knew he had against the system was his writing skills and he put that to extremely productive and effective use when he wrote seriously one novel after another against totalitarianism and its negative implications. Orwell argued that totalitarianism was abhorred because it took away an individual's right to think and decide for himself. The writer looks at Orwell's work "1984" and compares certain instances to life today. The writer maintains that while it may seem that one is headed in the right direction, because people feel that they are given the freedom of speech and thought and that their government knows what is best, the reality is however much different. The writer concludes that if things keep on going the way they are, then instead of having a bright future, qw will end up under conditions best described by George Orwell.
From the Paper
"The finest example of his work on Totalitarianism was the novel "1984". And a close study of the novel will explain how Orwell targeted totalitarianism and how effective he had been in his crusade.
"Written in 1949, the story is set in, as the name suggests, 1984. The story takes place in Airstrip One which is a mainland of a huge country known as Oceania. This country has a leader called Big Brother. The book talks about a character known as Winston Smith who works at the Records Department in the Ministry of Truth. His job is to alter and rewrite historical records and news articles. Once the altered versions of the records are produced, the original are destroyed forever. Possessing a diary was a serious crime punishable by death, but Winston had bought a book to keep it as a diary. The story describes the use of telescreens to promote propaganda and propagation of political agendas. The telescreen also had a built-in microphone and camera so that the government could spy on people."
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Organization Theory: Positivism and Postmodernism, 2008.
A discussion of the perspectives of positivist science and postmodern science on organization theory, contrasting the two.
2,001 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses organization theory, which originated with Max Weber, and two of the ways in which it has evolved since its conception. The author defines positivism and postmodernism and explains both points of view in detail. The author then analyzes the gap between them, and concludes that postmodernism is the antipode of positivism, as the two perspectives have only differences and no similarities, and respectively favor the subjective and objective nature of reality.
From the Paper
"The term positivism was introduced, in 1853, by French philosopher Auguste Comte who believed that humans could stand back and observe the already existing reality, without influencing what they observed provided that the appropriate methodology was used. This means that the guiding principle of the above theory is "facts speak for themselves". Moreover, scientists believe that objective reality is made up of those elements that are tangible or that can be perceived with the help of our senses. Therefore, any phenomenon that isn't validated by smell, taste, touch, hearing or sight, is denied existence in the real world and is considered to be the result of superstition, dogma or fantasy. However, a human being's senses can be misleading. This is why positivists embrace those objective methods that derive from physical or hard sciences and that are said to be the keystone against which validity is decided."
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International Politics, 2008.
An analysis of a mind game between the president of the United States, George W. Bush, and the leader of Taiwan, Chen Shui-Bian.
1,626 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the game theory in international politics by analyzing a diplomatic mind game between the president of the United States, George W. Bush and the leader of Taiwan, Chen Shui-Bian. The paper demonstrates how the result from solving the game coincides with the final outcome of the situation The author also discusses, in depth, some of the external factors that affect the payoff for both sides. The paper uses online sources only.
Outline:
The Broad Picture
The Background and History
The Game Tree
Analysis
References
From the Paper
"The period between 1979 and 2000 is rather uneventful with only occasional tension between China and the US. China, US and Taiwan are fairly comfortable with the status quo - although the then leader of Taiwan, Lee, made several radical speeches that irritated China. Taiwan acted largely according to the will of the US and kept the US fairly happy regarding the situation. However, things went for a sharp turn after 2000 when the current leader, Chen, was elected for the leadership role in Taiwan and largely disregarded the feeling of the US. There were some instances that angered Washington like Chen's holding a referendum during Taiwan's 2004 "Presidential" election, an act that provoked China; Chen ignored protests from Washington. Chen also broke his own pledge and dismantled a symbolic government agency in charge of reunification with mainland China. After a series of events, even Bush - who has given Taiwan an unprecedented level of military and diplomatic support since 2001, cannot stand Chen and decides to punish him a little when Chen is conducting his "transit diplomacy" en route to Paraguay in 2006. "
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Working Class Race, 2008.
This paper studies and compares two books looking at the rights and unfair labor situations of new immigrants and newly freed blacks in the U.S.
1,788 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that the correlation between Eastern European late coming immigrants to the US of the late 19th and early 20th century and that of newly freed blacks during reconstruction is frequently made by social scientists and others. The writer discusses that the treatment of newly freed blacks and especially Irish immigrants was similar, as they were both seen as unending sources of low wage labor to fuel the industrial revolution in the new United States. The writer then compares books that discuss each of the two cultures, as they were subjugated and disenfranchised from social and official rights and opportunities. The writer also discusses how Noel Ignatieve, in his work, 'How the Irish Became White', looks at the issue of the grey areas of the social and political definition of "white" as it applied to new immigrants, and in particular the Irish, while in 'The Wages of Whiteness' David Roediger dissects the same issues as they applied to blacks in the US as well as others who were considered, not "white" in the culture. The writer concludes that the two works agree on many points, not the least of which is that for the Irish, and other eastern European immigrants making the choice to be identified and included may have been a strong personal challenge, as ideals from their home (and especially Ireland) were strongly aligned with abolition and the destruction of unbalanced and unfair labor situations, all of which dominated America.
From the Paper
"Roediger on the other hand begins his work describing the introduction of Irish Americans to causes that revolved around the abolition of slavery. He does this by describing the influence of an Irish political and social hero, who was an ardent abolitionist and how he and his followers attempted to persuade Irish American's to come out against slavery and support causes that would abolish it.
"One manner in which these two works can be compared is through analyzing the thesis of each. Though there are clearly more messages in these full length works each author set about trying to discuss main ideas revolving around the definition of "whiteness." As the title suggests The Wages of Whiteness seeks to look at race, in part within the context of labor ..."
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Marx and the Species-Being Doctrine, 2008.
An examination of the flaws with regard to human diversity that exist in Karl Marx's species-being doctrine.
1,633 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Karl Marx's species-being doctrine. It describes the doctrine and discusses the concepts behind Marx's views. The paper suggests that Marx is both blindly idealistic and wildly out of touch with reality, which makes for a very bad and very flawed philosophy. It explains this viewpoint in light of human diversity. The paper concludes that Marx absolutely missed the necessity and nature of human diversity in his species-being doctrine.
From the Paper
"While Capitalism might separate man from his labor - giving credit for the final product to people who never actually labored physically upon the product - our modern world has given us technologies, medicines, materials, and processes that have significantly improved the quality and duration of life and has increased our natural security. Marx' view of the species-being makes too big an assumption about the universality of the human personality. Thus, his doctrine absolutely ignores and thus negates the truth of human diversity and the diversity of human needs. Human nature is predicated on an interest in self-preservation, a willingness to give up particular rights in order to enjoy the protections of the community, and to further the cause of the community in order to secure personal security. Thus, humans seek to strike a balance by their very nature between independence of human spirit and dependence on the community for conformity and controlled or dictated participation in the local economy. The result, then, is that even in the most mutually supportive of economic models, the individual producer is as important as the person acting as the labor for production. Thus, Marx absolutely missed the necessity and nature of human diversity in his species-being doctrine."
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