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Socialization of Immigrants, 2008.
This paper looks at personal and institutional responsibility for socialization with regards to immigration.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is evident that history has forced most immigrants to the US to take on the responsibility of socialization individually, without support from social organizations. The writer further relates that, in the initial mass immigration that occurred during industrialization, this philosophy lead to the formation of cultural communities across the US that worked to support cultural members and the greater social order as well. The writer then points out that, as time has progressed, however, there have been millions of immigrants that have arrived in the nation, both legal and illegal, who have relied solely on these cultural communities for socialization. Ultimately this has created a separation between cultural communities and the larger social order because there has been a lack of organizational or institutional support for immigrants. The writer then asserts that it is therefore apparent that it is time for institutions and individuals to fulfill their social contract with society and assist immigrants in becoming socialized. The writer concludes that it is only through this dual effort that one society will function for the greater good, which includes fulfilling the needs of all cultural groups and prevents segregation of cultural groups from the greater social order.
From the Paper
"For example, millions of illegal immigrants are demanding that they be given their citizenship because of their extended stays within the country. This demand is supported by numerous groups within the Hispanic culture that believe that crossing the border into the United States and functioning in society without incident should be sufficient grounds for citizenship. Yet, the opposing viewpoint to this argument suggests that by offering citizenship to this population, the country is degrading the efforts of other immigrants that have followed legal pathways to becoming citizens. Clearly, the latter argument supports the intentions of society to conduct immigration through legal processes, while the initial argument supports a cultural desire that strays from the legal structure of the nation. Additionally, it should be noted that the first argument serves to separate the needs of one group from the needs of the greater society, while the second argument insists upon a universal format for immigration.
"Therefore, demanding that immigrants should be responsible for their own socialization process in which they create their own resources and opportunities is possible. However, without the support of social organizations that essentially allow for a universal understanding of American life and the American culture, individuals rely on cultural communities that support only a particular culture's way of life and not the nation."
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Breyer's Active Liberty Approach, 2008.
A review of Justice Stephen Breyer's active liberty approach to interpreting the US Constitution.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how US Justice Stephen Breyer takes issue with originalism as an approach to interpreting the US Constitution and advocates what he calls active liberty, which is a far more activist way of interpreting the Constitution. The paper also describes the intellectual profile of Justice Breyer in the context of his work, his life, his writing and his peers and argues that Justice Breyer's active liberty perspective is a useful one for dealing with the complex constitutional issues that arise in our dynamically evolving society.
From the Paper
"Many of the provisions of the Constitution are somewhat vague. Indeed, it is notoriously difficult to write legislation that is entirely unambiguous in all situations. This means that at times, a judge's task of interpreting and applying the law can seem more like an art than a science. Some judges favour textualism, which means that they try as hard as possible to stick to the letter of the laws as written. For example, Justice Antonin Scalia advocates "originalism," meaning that the courts should attempt to stick to the original meaning of constitutional texts (Ryan). However, other judges tend to be more activist, and have even been accused of using their position to pursue their own agenda, in effect legislating from the bench. "
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The Development of The American Welfare System, 2008.
A discussion of the development and changes to the welfare system in the United States.
3,422 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the modern welfare system as it exists in America and describes how it grew out of the cataclysm of the Great Depression. It looks at the division between social insurance and welfare to an increasing emphasis on disability. The paper suggests that welfare in America came from the uncertain efforts to match European states which had far more advanced systems.
From the Paper
"The Clinton administration forced a number of changes to the welfare system through executive action, requiring teen mothers on welfare to stay in school and requiring mothers to identify the fathers of their children as a condition to receiving welfare. These actions were intended to contribute to the education of welfare recipients and to hold men accountable for child support. To pressure non-paying parents, the administration used federal law enforcement against people trying to avoid child support by crossing state lines. These efforts did manage a change in the welfare system, with significant reductions of the number of people on welfare and increases in child support collections (Clinton)."
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Analysis of Intelligence Support for Homeland Security, 2008.
This paper is a critical analysis of the United States' intelligence support for homeland security in dealing with the prevention of terrorist attacks.
3,574 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the degree of progress being made in intelligence support for Homeland Security. The paper notes that the progress is primarily due to the expansion of government surveillance powers through the authority of the USAPatriot Act, the issuing of executive orders by the President authorizing controversial NSA wiretapping and other covert anti-terrorism measures, new intelligence programs, and recent modifications of FISA. The author states that these actions have enabled the Intelligence Community to improve and expand their efforts to prevent terrorist attacks on the United States, but that numerous problems still need to be overcome if future attacks are to be prevented. Furthermore, the author argues that there is increasing fear that far too many intelligence related government activities are covert and classified, which heightens the risk of abuses of power.
From the Paper
"In addition to dealing with domestic consequences in the form of Congressional oversight investigations and court challenges based on civil liberties and privacy issues, Intelligence Community officials also face the possibility of being indicted and prosecuted by the International Criminal Court. American government personnel involved in detainee interrogations are at the greatest risk because of their participation in controversial activities such as renditions and the ongoing use of enhanced interrogation techniques.
"The Bush Administration opposed the establishment of the ICC and argues that granting such a court with the global power and jurisdiction to bring American citizens to trial could lead to abuses. The current occupant of the White House and various cabinet officials have publicly expressed concerns about the ICC on various grounds, but the underlying reason for U.S. opposition to the International Criminal Court is that American Intelligence Community personnel, government agency officials, and soldiers could be brought before the ICC to be prosecuted for violations of international law and the Geneva Conventions."
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John Locke, 2008.
This is a historical study and analysis of John Locke's philosophy towards the American Declaration of Independence and his influence on the American Revolution.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This essay analyzes the importance of John Locke's philosophy on the American Declaration of Independence of 1776. The paper analyzes various segments of Locke's "The Second Treatise of Civil Government," the philosophical influence of the 'government by consent' for American leaders who sought to create a new representational republican government. This paper argues that the basis of Locke's philosophy on governing is readily applicable to the way and manner in which personal liberties took a greater value in early America. By understanding the premise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of individual liberties, Locke's philosophy represents a major influence on how America's revolution created a republican government that denied absolutist governmental institutions within this historical period.
From the Paper
"The ultimate act of revolution must stem from a dissolution of the laws that had once formed the unity of government. Locke also proposed this solution when a government had violated its own laws, especially through the corruption of those that rule or make these laws in association with the people. For the Founding Fathers, the ideology of representational government had become paramount, as they had virtually no rights to legally debate or vote in laws that might be beneficial for them, as well as the British government. They defined these beliefs through Locke's understanding of the inherent right of those being ruled to have a legal representation, even under a monarchy..."
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Just War, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of a just war from a theological point of view.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that a major issue facing society has particular currency at the present time, and that is the problem of war and how to justify a given war as a just action. Indeed, from a theological point of view, the writer relates that the first issue is whether war is allowed at all and then whether a given war can be justified and on what basis. The writer points out that scriptural evidence on the issue is often contradictory and may be based on the historical factors prevailing at the time a particular passage was written. However, the writer maintains that there can also be seen a progression in thought as the needs of one era give way to a broader and more comprehensive view of the question.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Old Testament Support
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In his writings from this time, pacifism would remain a central motif, an idea that he pioneered and for which he was proud to have been the instrument for bringing the idea into the open. The idea had first appeared in the western world among the teachings of the early Christians, and they had drawn the same conclusions from the teachings of Christ as did Erasmus. As the Roman world became Christianized, however, a different attitude toward the bearing of arms was developed in service of the Christian state, an idea that would be bolstered by St. Augustine, who developed a theory that a war to resist aggression or to enforce justice was not only permissible but was a Christian duty. The way enforcing justice was defined, though, nearly any war could be supported. St. Thomas Aquinas followed Augustine in promulgating rules for the just war and created guidelines as to what was just and unjust .."
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City Council Support Staff, 2008.
A report analyzing the cost effectiveness of hiring support staff for city council members.
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a study intended to determine the feasability of hiring support staff to assist city council members with their workload. The paper discusses several aspects of the study, including data collection, cost implications and recommendations. The paper concludes that the reasonable cost of obtaining an employee support staff member for each City Council member is well worth the City's resources sometime in the future.
Table of Contents:
Background
Data Collection
Analysis
Coordination
Cost Implications
Recommendations
Specific Role of Public Policy Analyst
From the Paper
"At present, however, it is recommended that two secretaries be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one for the other. Further, it is recommended that two research assistants, or Public Policy Analysts, be hired, one for half of the City Council, and one to perform duties for the other half. This will allow each City Council member to perform their duties and responsibilities at an optimum level and capacity. Each new staff employee would assist the City Council members by alleviating their overwhelming workload, coordinating meetings, performing research on important legal and administrative issues."
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Police Training, 2008.
This paper discusses what are the necessary components of police training on deadly force and looks at how it can benefit society.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that police training on deadly force is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This paper highlights the major elements of the police training program that are necessary, while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the political, social, and economic environment that either pose an opportunity or threat to the proposed training initiative on deadly force. This paper gives a through outline of the important aspects of how a training process for deadly force should be developed. The analysis also integrates aspects or theories related to formal criminological training methodologies or functions that are integrated with other efficiency parameters related to social justice, social norms and behaviors, as well as other aspects of conflict resolution within the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Major Elements of Police Training Paper
Section 1: Principles of an Effective Training Strategy
Table 1: Training Modules & Leadership
Literature Structure
From the Paper
"McElvian provides a through analysis of how police shootings affect citizens' behavior and uses this framework to show how police training on deadly force will have an effect on the outcome. Similar articles that model societal change and behaviors with interlinkages with police training on deadly force include the articles by Remsberg, Lewinski and Hudson, and Weeg. These papers are presented below and even show how training on deadly force affects efficiency and improves the effectiveness of police departments. Many of the articles above also show provide universal characteristics on how police training on deadly force can be considered effective and efficient. The table below highlights the articles that will be utilized for the paper."
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Is U.S. Foreign Policy Moral?, 2008.
This paper discusses whether considerations of morality have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at America's past foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union and Communism. The paper also discusses the war against terrorism today and reveals that the true incentive behind the war in Iraq may have been financial, although there were moral victories attained as a result. The paper concludes that while morality should certainly have a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, in recent years, the financial goals of the United States seem to outweigh the altruistic ones.
Outline:
Introduction
The Past and U.S. Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy and Communism
Morality, Foreign Policy, and Terrorism
Moral Victories May be the Outcome of Financial Gain
Conclusion
From the Paper
"United States foreign policy has always been about political relationships for financial gain combined with moral idealism (Fox 2000). Therefore, morality has played a substantial role in U.S. foreign policy strategy, and should continue to do so. Whether this "morality" is genuine is questionable, and lately the U.S. has appeared to many to be the equivalent of a greedy bully, seeking financial benefits with no care for assisting the impoverished, oppressed, and/or those who may benefit from a morality driven U.S. foreign policy. These U.S. foreign endeavors are done under the guise of morality, which often result in more harm than good for the citizens of nations that such U.S. foreign policy is choosing to target, which is immoral in its very nature."
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China's Threat to the World, 2008.
An analysis of the basis of the threats that China poses to the rest of the world.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why China has been viewed as a threat since the 1949 revolution. Specifically, the paper looks at the various forms that this threat has taken, such as a military threat and economic threat. The paper also describes and explains the history behind these threats and their relationship to the economic and political power of China and then looks at who the threats are directed towards.
From the Paper
"Chengxin Pan points out the position China has long held in the American imagination and finds that much of the threat is itself imaginary. He cites debates in the U.S. over whether China constitutes a strategic threat to the United States or an economic bonanza for the United States. Pan finds that the answer given often depends on the area of interest to the scholar giving the answer. A current threat recently found by some scholars is job loss in the U.S. as some manufacturing is moved to China and as companies like Wal-Mart outsource certain manufacturing to China, citing a U.S. congressional panel that found that at least 760,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs have migrated to China since 1992."
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Challenges in Intelligence, 2008.
This paper looks at the greatest challenges facing the intelligence community in the US in the coming years.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that several serious challenges must be overcome within the next few years if American interests are to be well-served by those entrusted with accumulating information on the country's enemies and with formulating strategies for overcoming those enemies. The challenges include unimaginative policy-makers, an unwieldy bureaucracy, imperfect human resources management, the need for international collaboration in a day and age when America is deeply unpopular around the world, the unfortunate trend towards the politicization of intelligence-gathering activities, and slovenly knowledge management. The writer notes that while arguably none of them is any more important than the others, all of them, if taken as a collective, can lead to a paralysis of the intelligence community that might prove, quite literally, deadly. The writer concludes that American intelligence has a host of challenges, from unimaginative policy-makers, to bureaucratic inertia, to combating America's unpopularity overseas, to poor knowledge management, that must all be overcome as quickly as possible.
Outline:
Summary
References
From the Paper
"Another major challenge will be coming up with a more stream-lined decision-making process for all branches of government - not simply the CIA or FBI or any other explicitly intelligence-gathering department. This commitment to efficiency, as most can imagine, is vitally important when it comes to things like protecting American nuclear arsenals from successful infiltration or attack. According to the General Accounting Office, the Department of Energy took nearly two years to develop a new Design Basis Threat capable of accurately assessing the possible size and capabilities of terrorist forces - in no small part because the DOE's review and comment process for developing policy is cumbersome, to say the least. Clearly, one of the great challenges facing America today is coming up with a means by which the bureaucracy can be made to work more efficiently so that all those associated - even peripherally - with the intelligence community are responsive and flexible in a day and age when responsiveness and flexibility are desperately needed. All in all, given as the country's nuclear arsenals are so enticing to sophisticated terrorist outfits with considerable human and financial resources, streamlining the decision-making and implementation process (particularly with regards to things like DBT development) is simply imperative."
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Holy War and Osama bin Laden, 2008.
This paper provides a critical review of Peter Bergen's book "Holy War, Inc.".
2,237 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that perhaps the most striking element of Peter Bergen's book about the life of Osama bin Laden, 'Holy War Inc.', is the impeccable timing of its release, as the author was well prepared to write a book on the world of al-Qaeda and their motivations for war. The writer points out that Bergen's book had taken six years to write, but after September 11, it was swiftly pushed into print with a hasty update and no index. The writer discusses that the work is an interesting read that traces a solid background of the FBI's most wanted man - Osama bin Laden. The writer concludes that this would be an appropriate book for those coming new to the topic of al-Qaeda, as well as those with an interest in the new forms of postmodern war being waged across and beyond borders.
Outline:
Summary of Main Themes
Outline of Thesis
Evaluation of Thesis and Purpose
Evaluation of Bergen's Use of Evidence
From the Paper
"The key finding of the book, however, is Bergen's close analysis of the way in which global terrorism - and in particular Holy War - is now waged. Postmodern attacks are no longer launched from a single national base against a foreign national power, which has shifted the entire strategy for waging war. New terrorist networks are not filled by ragged mountain men leading a guerilla war from their thatched huts. Instead, postmodern terrorism utilizes cutting-edge communications and weapons technology to carry out its aims. The 'average' terrorist is well educated, well funded, international in scope and uses global contacts and sophisticated business planning to wage war. Thus, the aims of Holy War - an ancient Islamic calling of martyrdom and sacrifice - are blended into the high-tech structures of our postmodern communication age to achieve strategic international political goals."
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China's Strategic Intentions, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of China's likely future strategic intentions.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that assessing the nature of China's future strategic intelligence intentions in the 21st century requires examining China's strategic objectives, for doing so will reveal the intelligence activities that must be engaged in if China is to achieve these strategic objectives. The writer maintains that it is evident that one of China's primary strategic objectives is to become an economic superpower. Furthermore, the writer maintains that it is also evident that in order to achieve this, engaging in economic espionage against the United States is necessary because this will confer economic advantages upon China while enabling Beijing to undermine and weaken the U.S. economy.
From the Paper
"It is evident that one of China's strategic objectives is to become an economic superpower, for this would not only expand Chinese influence throughout the world, it would enable China to become a military superpower equivalent to or even greater than the United States. In order to achieve this strategic objective, China is likely to expand its economic espionage capabilities.
"This would confer significant advantages upon China and enable Beijing to expand its economy while undermining the economy of the United States. Economic espionage is beneficial for China because it furthers China's strategic objectives by enabling Beijing to measure long-term success by enhanced market share for its products, and consequently achieve a favorable balance of trade."
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Indonesia, 2008.
Looks at the political and economic history of Indonesia before, during and after the rule of its military leader and president Suharto.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the history of Indonesia, the rule of Suharto is only somewhat less violent and repressive than had been true of Sukarno before him. The paper points out that Suharto used the military to crush any opposition to his effort at economic development. The paper also points out that, although it was one of the world's poorest countries in 1967 when Suharto came to power, Indonesia today is considered an economic success story. The paper further notes that the military, which was key to the New Order economic changes brought about by Suharto, remains strong after his death and concludes that, at this time, the balance between civilian and military rule in Indonesia is neither even nor tilted in favor of civilian rule.
From the Paper
"One element in the conflict in the region is ethnic, directed against a Chinese majority that has been economically successful but not fully assimilated into Indonesian society. In the Sukarno and Suharto periods, the Chinese minority continued its business success but otherwise tried to a great extent to blend in and to go unnoticed. More recently, however, there has been a political re-awakening of the Chinese minority after the heavy hand of President Suharto was removed. In May 1998, there were anti-Chinese riots which made the Chinese see themselves as vulnerable."
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Housing Bubble, 2008.
This paper focuses on the understanding of the housing market, discussing the price of housing and sudden changes in the prices - so as to explore the sustainability of the argument that there exists a housing bubble that is about to burst.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer outlines how demand and supply analysis can be used to analyze the housing market, especially in wake of the fact that there is now increased speculation of a housing crash as prices begin to depreciate rapidly within the housing market. With these current changes on the market, the writer notes that it becomes somewhat useful to analyze whether the housing bubble is about to burst, or if other markets are affecting the activities within the housing spectrum. The writer argues that the housing bubble is not going to burst since there is no bubble - and changes in the housing prices are due to changes in market demand and supply conditions.
Outline:
Statement of Problem - Thesis Statement
Introduction
What Has Been Causing The Price of Housing to Appreciate and Depreciate So Rapidly? - An Economic Perspective
Housing Price Appreciation - A Bubble or Changes in Market Conditions?
A Brief Look at the US Housing Policy and Market
Conclusion
From the Paper
" With the demand and supply for housing analyzed, then the concept of the equilibrium within the housing market can be examined. It is clear that changes within the economy will affect the price of housing; each of the relevant changes will be analyzed below, so as to test the thesis statement presented. The changes in supply and demand are causing housing prices to increase, even though the change in quantity is unsure. During the historical period analyzed, factors that caused supply and demand to change based on figure 1 and figure 2 were associated with the appreciation of housing prices. Hence the appreciation was due more so to market conditions rather than a bubble due to speculation. A thorough examination of the processes that affect supply and demand is presented in the section below."
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Social Justice, 2008.
A comparison of John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx and Plato on social justice.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Plato's concept of social justice consisted of individual virtue as well as that quality which makes a society good, harmonious and productive. It then looks at how both Mill and Marx borrowed elements of Plato's thought in developing their own versions of social justice. In addition, the paper examines how Marx essentially believed that the cause of all social and economic inequality was the capitalist system and how social justice could only come about though the overthrow of that system. In comparison, the paper looks at how Mill provided practical principles of social justice that demonstrate just how social justice can be compatible with political freedom.
From the Paper
"Marx believed that capitalism is the source of inequality since the division of classes creates a gulf between rich and poor, as well as between workers and the owners of the means of production. Capitalism comprises both an economic and political structure which determines the distribution of wealth. Marx viewed the principle of justice as distributive and as based in individual need. In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels (1) stated that all social classes over history are involved in a struggle "that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes". The means to achieve social justice is through revolution or radical transformation of all economic institutions along with the existing social and political system. "
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The United States Supreme Court, 2008.
This paper examines the United States Supreme Court, looking into its history and procedures.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides the background to the U.S. Supreme Court through a brief history of the Court. In addition, the writer presents an explanation as to how cases from trial court work their way up to the Supreme Court for review. The writer notes that both topics are rich with layers of complexity and for the purposes of this paper, an overview of the history and process of the Supreme Court is provided.
From the Paper
"Additional restrictions on appeals to the Supreme Court include some of the general restrictions applied to all appellate review. For example, appeals are restricted to losing parties, questions of law to be addressed must have been raised during trial court, and time restrictions exist in permitting the filing of an appeal.
"Once a case successfully reaches the Supreme Court docket, a lengthy review process begins which can take as long as three years to complete. Once the process is completed, the Supreme Court issues a number of opinions representing the different views held by the justices following the review process. The opinion most widely shared amongst the majority (the majority opinion) represents the final decision of the Supreme Court. "
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Equal Justice under Law, 2008.
This paper discusses law and justice in the US, focusing on the US Supreme Court.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the origins and history of the Supreme Court of the United States. The writer traces the early role of the court in the course of the development of the country. The writer notes that the Court is not without controversy, and decisions made have come to be symbolic of the wrongs of society, and the correction of these mistakes demonstrates the ability of the court to adapt and lead modern thinking. Finally the requirements of how a case is brought before the Court are discussed.
From the Paper
"In the constitutional scheme developed nearly two hundred and thirty years ago, the judiciary was established as one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government. Yet, Article III of the Constitution is surprisingly brief as to the establishment of the structure, duties and make up of a very powerful branch of the government. The court has been left largely to its own devices as how it conducts its affairs and what cases it chooses to hear, given the charge of original jurisdiction over a very few cases, the Supreme Court has become an institution equated with the preservation of civil liberties in our modern society. The history of the Supreme Court is the history of the United States and its struggle to maintain the Republic through a wide variety of challenges and crisis. A focus of political angst and a vestige of last hope for the oppressed members of society, whose imperfect judgment has stood the test of time, and corrected its past errors. With little Constitutional direction, this body has shaped modern society."
"The Supreme Court of the United States has jurisdiction over cases involving Ambassadors and other public ministers, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictions, controversies between two or more states, between the state and a citizen of another state and appellate jurisdiction over lower courts."
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The Federal Reserve and the Depression, 2008.
This paper considers the degree to which the Federal Reserve can be blamed for causing the Great Depression.
4,172 words (approx. 16.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the four key events that the Federal Reserve had to confront during the Great Depression: the Stock Market collapse, the failure of the banks, Britain's abandonment of the gold standard and the Federal Reserve's large scale open-market purchases. The paper looks at Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz's account "The Great Contraction," that contends that the Federal Reserve failed to expand the money stock in the face of the Depression and in doing so aggravated the situation. The paper also discusses how some of the failure of the Federal Reserve can be blamed on the radical changes in the American economy and its government brought about by the Depression. Finally, the paper looks at a defense of the Federal Reserve's actions.
From the Paper
"During the period 1929 through 1932, the Federal Reserve confronted a series of economic crisis, and an assessment of its actions during this period turns on the interpretation given to its responses to these crises. In the fall of 1929, the Stock Market plummeted. In the fall of 1930, banks throughout the nation failed, climaxing in the collapse of the Bank of the United States. In the fall of 1931, Britain abandoned the gold standard. In April 1932, the Federal Reserve undertook large scale open-market purchases."
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