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Alien Tort Claim Act, 2008.
This paper discusses the United States Alien Tort Claim Act that is considered to be one of the most innovative pieces of legislation in the area of human rights protection.
3,017 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in order to have a proper view on the importance of the Alien Tort Claim Act, a closer analysis must be taken into consideration. In this sense, the writer points out that the history of the Act in itself may point to the actual necessity for the drafting of the legislation. Also, the writer looks at points which might shed light on the usefulness of the Act as well as on the philosophical discussion on the relationship between civil and political rights and the economic, social, and cultural ones. The writer discusses that the Alien Tort Claim Act takes into consideration the violations of human rights made by multinational companies or different agencies around the world.
From the Paper
"Speaking in general terms, it is rather hard to determine the extent to which a non binding type of protection is more efficient than a binding one. A possible combination of the two systems of protection can be said to benefit more than an actual separation or differentiation because the protection considered by multinational companies or national legislation on the other hand appears to be more efficient due to the fact that their goals are limited but also their resources, financial and legal, are stronger.
"The UN protection system has been set in place in order to give general guidelines on the proper practices that should be followed to insure a minimum standard of human rights protection. The UN Charter, along with subsequent documents that came to underline particular aspects of the document are relevant for pointing out the minimum requirements any system, political or corporate, must meet."
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Iraq War and Law, 2008.
This paper looks at the current international law system as it relates to the Iraq war.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that following the end of the Second World War there was an acute need to rethink the legal framework in which the atrocities similar to the ones that marked the tragic context of the first and second world conflagrations could be punished more severely. In this sense, there were a series of conventions and legally binding acts which tried to create a bonding obligation for the signing states to refrain from violent acts against civilians and other participants to wars. Nonetheless, the writer points out that taking into account the latest developments in the war in Iraq, there are serious doubts over the degree in which the legal system available to date is able to offer a comprehensive framework of protection.
From the Paper
"Therefore, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 represent a legal system consisting of four acts: They are: the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded and sick in armed forces in the field; the Convention for the amelioration of the condition of wounded, sick and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea; the Convention relative to the treatment of prisoners of war; the Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war.
"Despite the obvious complexity of the system set in place and of the areas under discussion, the historical context showed that the Conventions lacked a comprehensive and efficient approach of the legal matters on which they focused. In this sense, there was no clear distinction between the civil war and the liberation war. Thus, taking into account the fact that most conflicts following the Second World War were intra state wars, it was hard to determine whether the conventions would be applicable in cases such as the Korean War, the Vietnam experience, or even the Arab Israeli conflict."
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Public Administration USA: Florida, 2008.
A discussion of how to improve public administration in the state of Florida.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how to ensure effective, competent and successful public administration in Florida. The writer explains that finding the right employees with the right skills is key to enabling the government to strengthen its ties with the community and with business partners and other organizations. The writer discusses the importance of technology in this process and the necessity of training government managers to hire the right people.
From the Paper
"Some important information reveals that human resources or human capital is more important to governments today than financial capital, technology and other critical factors. As businesses begin and continue to expand and companies work harder and harder to recruit talented individuals and keep them, government agents must step aside and consider whether their policies and procedures are keeping the good people in or preventing them from coming in. It is critical that the government of Florida provides service to the people living in Florida and the people visiting Florida that meets and surpasses their expectations."
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Supply and Demand in the Marketplace, 2008.
This paper explains and discusses the concept of supply and demand in the marketplace.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the general concept of supply and demand is that these two notions are essential in correctly allocating resources in a market economy and in correctly forming the price for a certain commodity, where the supply and demand for a commodity meet. In order to refer to both these notions, one needs to closer investigate the law of demand and the law of supply as essential theoretical frameworks in determining the concepts of demand and supply. The writer discusses that when the price cannot be formed at a certain level because a high or low supply or demand, the market will automatically readjust in order to be able to facilitate the new level at which price will be formed. This is one of the great impacts of demand and supply, the fact that they can regulate without a third force intervening.
From the Paper
"The way the price is formed depends on the reaction of the suppliers. On one hand, they can decide that this is an excellent opportunity to increase their own revenues and volume of sales by providing more turkeys on the market and by generating higher sales, given that the demand has increased to a certain level. However, it may be the case that no more turkeys can be supplied on the market, which would lead to the price forming higher than at the beginning. The reason for this is that demand will remain at a high level, but also at a level where it cannot be entirely satisfied by the existing supply on the market. Because of the scarcity, people are going to have to pay more in order to satisfy their need.
"The rise in the price of crude oil comes following a similar rationality. At this point, crude oil seems to be a scarce resource. Indeed, estimates regarding existing consumption and global reserves have shown that crude oil may be exhausted by 2050."
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Healthcare, Hospitals and the Uninsured, 2008.
An examination of the impact of the uninsured population on Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center.
1,807 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center, an acute inpatient care facility for adults, adolescents and children. The paper discusses how the facility had to adjust from a largely insured patient population, to a largely Medicare, Medicaid and uninsured population. The paper describes the difficulty in running Sidonia with such high running costs. The paper warns that while the debate continues daily about what to do about the uninsured in America, hospitals, especially specialty care like Sidonia, are getting closer to closing their doors to inpatient care altogether.
Outline:
Ten Years Ago
Today
Staffing
The Future
From the Paper
"Sidonia Psychiatric Care Center is licensed for 110 beds, but utilize only 100 of those beds. They are an acute inpatient care facility for adults, adolescents, and children. This includes a dual diagnosis ward for adult drug and alcohol patients whose primary diagnosis is a psychiatric diagnosis, but whose secondary diagnosis is one of drug and alcohol abuse and addiction. Sidonia has been in operation for more than 20 years, since the middle 1980s, which is the halfway point between the emergence of managed care and overhaul of existing group plans, which evolved into today's managed care programs and the representative group benefit plans, which are vastly different than those of the 1980s."
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Voter Ignorance and the War in Iraq, 2008.
This paper explores how the public's ignorance was used to justify the war in Iraq and the fight against Al Qaeda.
3,091 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the general population's perception of the intervention in Iraq and deals with the phenomenon of voter ignorance in America. The paper looks at issues related to Islam and Al Qaeda from the point of view of ideology, mission and values and identifies the political context and the different approaches presented in the US at the time of going to war. The paper shows clearly how voter ignorance and political battles in the US allowed the Bush administration to garner wide support for the war in Iraq.
From the Paper
"The war in Iraq is viewed as being one of the most controversial decisions of the US foreign policy of the last decade. There have been numerous discussions over the morality of the intervention on a sovereign territory, without the agreement of the United Nations and, in the end, without a plausible reason for attack. Nonetheless, by 2003, the US led coalition had entered Iraq under the argument of the existence of the weapons of mass destruction. Still, to this day, it is a rather questionable issue the actual existence of the weapons; therefore, there is no full legitimacy of the intervention in a sovereign country."
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Foreign Policy and Global Poverty, 2008.
This paper analyzes the foreign policies of farm aid and outsourcing jobs as solutions to global poverty.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that farm aid has effectively wiped out local farmers in developing countries that have opened their borders to imports. The paper then looks at how outsourcing jobs to poor countries harms these countries' economies. The paper examines the arguments in favor of these policies but supports the assertion that such policies are not a solution to global poverty.
Outline:
Introduction
Farm Bill Policies
Pros/Cons of the Farm Bill Policies
How the U.S. Farm Aid Policies Affect other Countries
Outsourcing and Foreign Relations
Pros/Cons of Outsourcing as Foreign Aid
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few years, foreign relations and related debates involving the application of foreign policies have emerged as a growing concern among federal agencies, foreign governments, and the common taxpayer alike. Out of these debates, foreign aid policy and the affects on world poverty have received the most scrutiny as this issue has several pros and cons on each side. The Farm Bill of 2001 and its upcoming amendments have had a significant affect on the manner in which poorer countries receive aid from richer countries. Although intended to aid poorer countries, the farm bill policies have been detrimental to the real interests of poorer nations, and have contributed to the problem of global poverty."
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Health Policies, 2008.
This paper discusses the impact of health policies on healthcare organizations and systems.
1,416 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an analysis of health policies and their effect on healthcare organizations and systems. The researcher hypothesizes that properly written and clearly communicated policies are the foundation for good healthcare and organizational systems that run efficiently and productively. Poor policies on the other hand, generally lead to miscommunication and disturbances within the organization and the organizational culture. A literature review focusing on the purposes and effects of health policies is provided. From the information gathered the researcher concludes that there is ample evidence health care policies effect organizations and systems in different ways, depending on the scope of the policy and the people it addresses.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Literature Review
Evaluation & Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is still much debate among researchers about the effects of health policy on healthcare organizations and systems. Information provided by the literature review suggests that health policies have many different effects on the organization and the healthcare systems an organization has in place. Some policies are created to be purely humanistic, meaning their goal is to improve the health and wellness of the people directly influenced by the policy. Other policies are more capitalistic in nature, serving the healthcare organization by lowering costs and providing incentives to individuals that are willing to work to help reduce overhead and increase capital for the healthcare organization."
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Terrorism: Past Demons, Present Threats and Future Challenges, 2008.
An analysis of presidential and foreign policy decision making regarding the terrorism threat.
6,008 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study to examine the causal connection between the foreign policy framework created by post Carter U.S presidents, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. It also looks at the extent to which U.S. presidents' foreign policy approaches set the stage for the emergence of terrorism as a global threat and the measures which enabled terrorist groups to play such an important role in contemporary decision-making processes. In addition, the paper discusses which actions taken by the administrations could have been averted and what would have been the consequences.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Results of the Research, Strengths and Weaknesses of the Approach
From the Paper
"There have been numerous studies done in the area of international relations which have dealt primarily with the issue of the United States as a major power and its influential role in world politics. In fact, it can be said that even the idea of the study of the way in which the decisions taken at the national level manage to influence the international context and the conduct of other nations has been the initiative of scholars from the United States, following the end of the Second World War. More importantly however, the opinions and approaches of the academic world have pointed out the fact that, although the US entered the international political arena at the turn of the 20th century, it has dominated world politics ever since. In this sense, Martin Wight in Power Politics compares major powers along the history and acknowledges the exclusive status of the US in the world. Although his research was limited, due to objective factors, to the period of the Cold War, his analysis in important for the present study because it points out the role the US had in the ideological confrontation with the USSR and sets the historical framework for determining the measures taken by the US administrations in this time frame. "
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Universal Health Care System, 2008.
This paper discusses the pros and cons of a universal health care system in California.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that currently over seven million people in California gamble with their health, as they live without health insurance coverage. It is the position of this paper that California should adopt some form of a universal health care system for its citizens. The benefits for doing so clearly out weigh the costs. The writer maintains that this is a problem that will only escalate in the future as premiums, populations, and life expectancy continue to expand. The paper begins with an overview of the pending California bill that, if passed, would create a universal health-care system. Then, the positives and negatives of adopting such a system are critically analyzed, with the focus primarily being on overall costs, quality and innovation. Finally, in light of this evidence, a conclusion is drawn as to what California should do in this regard.
From the Paper
"The program would be funded through the Health Insurance Fund, an independent state fund. The fund would put in place various cost control measures that would allow for the funding and spending to be able to adapt to changes in the health market, enabling the system to remain efficient and beneficial. One cost controlling measure of particular interest is the provision that would allow the Commissioner to refuse an individual coverage until they prove they plan to remain in California for a to-be-determined eligibility period. Another interesting provision is one prohibiting any private health insurance program that covers benefits already covered by the California system to be sold within the state."
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Barack Obama Memoir, 2008.
This paper provides a book review on the work 'Dreams from my Father' by Barack Obama.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for a memoir written by a senator and an aspiring presidential candidate, 'Dreams from my Father' by Barack Obama is a brilliantly candid document. True, the writer points out, that Obama was not a candidate when he penned the work in 1998. Still, he was clearly ambitious and had a future political and legal career on his mind and a potential agenda. He was a graduate of Harvard Law School, the editor of the prestigious Harvard Law Review, and in only two years he would be the Democratic junior senator from the largely Republican state of Illinois. The writer discusses that rather than affirm homilies about the goodness of America, Obama speaks openly about the difficulties of negotiating a viable sense of self and identity in contemporary America.
From the Paper
"Obama discusses how he struggled to know who he was as a young man, racially and in terms of his future. He grew up in a divided America, still polarized by the ideological revolutions of the Civil Rights movement and the ant-war movement. The quest for stability and identity is something that most adolescents can relate to, but this intense self-examination is rarely expressed by politicians who often want to project a secure sense of self, to avoid being accused of waffling. Now that Obama's youth and supposed inexperience are an issue in the Democratic campaign for the nomination, he might regret some of his words in Dreams from my Father, but from the point of view of telling a good story, his tale is compelling because it is so easy to relate to his struggle, whether a reader is black or white, or of mixed race."
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"Only What We Could Carry", 2008.
A discussion of the book "Only What We Could Carry" by Inada Lawson Fusao that describes the internment of thousands of Japanese-Americans during World War II.
1,566 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the collection of writings in "Only What We Could Carry," that relate how the Japanese-Americans were interned during World War II. The paper discusses specific memoirs of individuals taken to the camps who convey the injustice they suffered at the hands of the American justice system. The paper talks about the baseless suspicions today after 9/11 and how distorted the American justice system can be when fear governs its operation.
From the Paper
"The internment of thousands of Japanese-Americans during World War II was a major act of betrayal for these people as their own government treated them as if they had done something wrong, when in fact they had not. They were simply rounded up and moved into camps along the West Coast on the fear that they might be loyal to Japan in the war and might therefore commit acts of espionage or simply reconnaissance for Japan. It has been shown clearly in the decades since that these fears were unfounded and that the internment and the associated confiscation of much of these people's belongings and property was an act of injustice, one addressed to the degree possible with apologies and reparation payments long after the war."
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United States Policy on Prisoner Rights, 2008.
A review of the current laws on prisoner rights under the Bush administration.
1,797 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current policies under the administration of George W. Bush with regards to countless incidences of prisoner mistreatment, torture and the denial of legal rights. The paper presents examples of suit after suit thrown out of the courts that would directly challenge the Bush administration's policies regarding prisoners and their treatment.
From the Paper
"So, what then? If the government takes the position that no rights to challenge the detainment are present, then there is no hope for the prisoner? What exists and what the point of the challenge is and should be, is an examination of the method by which these men were determined to be enemy combatants and whether or not their actions warranted such a determination. The basic legal framework has to be that just because a man is standing on a corner where a shooting occurs does not make him a participant in the shooting. None of the men in Boumediene v Bush or Al Odah v. United States claims to have been engaged in any military action against the United States. Given that none of them have been identified by any nation as belonging to a state sponsored military organization, they have been classified as unlawful enemy combatants. But that classification does not bring with it evidence of the justice of that label. It is my opinion that as there is no proof of connection to a military wing of any government by these men, that the very labeling of them as enemy combatants is inaccurate at best. Therefore, if any of these men arrive before a non-biased judge (such as the supreme court), they will all have the potential for gaining their freedom."
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Australia's Defense Policy, 2008.
A look at whether the Australian Defense Force should operate primarily on a regional or international scale.
1,882 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how under Australia's regionally based defense policy, the country's ability to help in global war and peacekeeping efforts are very limited. The paper supports Australia's revised policy of a widening defence system that includes defence on the regional scale but also a global defence against terrorism and other threats faced by countries in today's world.
From the Paper
"Australia is in a fairly unusual position regarding its position and geography. The country, located on a continent of its own, is physically isolated from other countries and other continents. As such, the country's defence policies of the past have focused primarily upon protecting Australia on a regional basis. Phenomena such as the development of electronic communication and globalization has however necessitated greater interaction between countries. The result is that no country can any longer operate in isolation. This poses a particular challenge for countries such as Australia, who are used to operating mainly on a regional basis, particularly where their defence policy is concerned."
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The Jena 6, 2008.
A discussion of the racial issues surrounding the case of the Jena 6.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the actions of the so-called Jena 6, the legal issues raised around the Jena 6, and the pending trial of some of the Jena 6, from a sociological perspective. This issue involves the placement of nooses around a campus, perceived as a racist gesture against blacks, which led to the beating of a white student by the Jena 6, a group of blacks. The paper argues that the white power structure did nothing directly to the students who had placed the nooses around campus and instead charged the Jena 6 with attempted murder for what was perceived as at most an assault. This eventually raised issues of of racial preference and misdirected prosecutorial discretion. The paper approaches the issue in terms of its social aspects, the type of society that produces such behavior. It concludes that the case reflects the predominance of an unstated, yet indefensible attitude that the black population is a threat to the white population.
From the Paper
"Sociological theory has been developed over the years to cope with this sort of social difference and group action. One such approach is structural functionalism, a theoretical approach in which societies are seen as social systems and in which particular features of social structures are explained in terms of their contribution to the maintenance of these systems. For instance, religious ritual may be explained in terms of the contribution it makes to social integration. The term is also applied to the particular form of functional analysis developed by Talcott Parsons in the 1950s and early 1960s, coinciding, as it happens, with the era of the beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement. Parsons finds institutional patterns which carry the rules and norms governing our social structure. He begins with the system and finds that every social system is a functioning entity, or a system of interdependent structures and processes tending to maintain relative stability and distinctiveness of pattern and behavior."
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E-Commerce, 2008.
This paper provides an overview and analysis of e-commerce.
2,994 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This article takes a practical approach to the world of e-commerce. It is meant to give the reader a comprehensive introduction to the unique requirements of operating an e-commerce-based business. It begins with an introduction, defining what an e-commerce business is and how it differs from a regular business venture. From here the paper analyzes the practicalities of operating an e-commerce venture, specifically focusing on the electronic side of business and business-to-business practices, particularly as they relate to such legal issues as jurisdiction and contract law. Next, the paper turns towards risk management, especially as it relates to the legal requirements for privacy protection and security. From here an overview of the various approaches to providing privacy protection and security is provided. Finally, the paper concludes with an overview of e-marketing techniques, using search engine marketing as its main example.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Unique Legal Concerns Effecting E-Commerce
Privacy, Security and E-Commerce
E-Commerce Marketing
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Electronic commerce, or e-Commerce can be defined as the buying and selling of products or services over such electronic systems as the Internet. As such electronic systems have grown in popularity and capabilities over the past decades, so has the level of e-commerce that occurs. E-commerce covers a wide array of electronic transactions, including electronic funds transfers, sales, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, automated inventory management systems and automated data collection systems, just to name a few.
"Conducting successful e-commerce is more often associated with operating a competent business system more so than it is with the product or service being sold electronically. Examples of key components of a successful e-commerce venture include: a strong management team, post-sales services, a succinct business structure, sound and secure network infrastructure and technology and a well-designed and operational website."
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Flavored Tobacco, 2008.
This paper discusses the strengthening of legal provisions regarding the prohibition of the sale of candy and fruit flavored cigarettes.
2,576 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the tobacco industry is considered to be one of the most profitable businesses worldwide and yet there is an increasing number of anti tobacco campaigns intended to draw the attention of smokers to the imminent dangers of cigarette consumption. The writer points out that flavored tobacco is one of the most important elements which draw teenagers and even children to take on smoking due to the fact that it represents a combination between a grown up idea and a mixed aromatic pleasure. The writer discusses that despite constant denials from the tobacco companies, marketing strategies and the products offered are without a doubt a major incentive for the younger generation to take on smoking. The writer maintains that from this point of view, the bill prohibiting the sale of candy and fruit flavored cigarettes in West Virginia is indeed a step forward in the fight against smoking; however, there are many aspects which must further be regulated in order for this phenomenon to be reduced.
From the Paper
"These initiatives notwithstanding, the public opinion as well as the US legislative bodies has considered it essential for a strengthening of the legal provisions limiting the means though which children and young adults can come in contact with tobacco products. In this sense, the West Virginia legislature took an important step towards a tougher control on the conditions in which tobacco companies can make available different types of cigarettes as well as the conditions in which such products can be sold to the public. The Bill prohibiting the sale of candy and fruit flavored cigarettes is in this sense an essential legal initiative for the amendment of the Code of West Virginia from 1931.
"The aim of the bill refers to the prohibition of candy and fruit flavored cigarettes selling on the territory of the state. The amendment made to the Tobacco Bill comes as a corollary for what was considered to be a shortcoming of the legislative. "
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Revolution and Its Causes, 2008.
This paper looks at how the fighting between the Sunnis and Shiites in Iraq has affected the country, as well as gives background information on the Sunni-Shiite split.
2,408 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The current sectarian conflict between the Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iraq, termed as a full-fledged civil war by some observers, threatens to rip the country apart in an orgy of mindless violence. According to one school of thought, the fighting has the potential of escalating beyond the borders of Iraq and destabilizing the whole region of Middle East, particularly after the American occupation force withdraws from Iraq. Others disagree and believe that the conflict is a direct result of the U.S. occupation and may even have been fanned by the occupation forces as a classic colonial tactic of "divide and rule." In this research paper on Sunni-Shiite fighting in Iraq, the author examines the background of the Sunni-Shiite split and traces the history of Iraqi Shiites, besides discussing how the conflict has affected the country.
Outline:
Background of the Conflict--the Sunni-Shiite Split
Shiites in Iraq
Historical Sunni-Shiite Relations in Iraq
The Sunni-Shiite Conflict in the Post 2003 Scenario
Who is Responsible for the Provocative Attacks?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Shiite Buyid dynasty, for example, controlled Iraq and Persia for more than a hundred years from 945 to 1060 AD ("Buyid" 2007) and the Iraq region again came under the control of the Shiite/ Persian Safavid Empire during parts of the 16th and 17th century . The Safavid-Ottoman attempts to control Iraq deepened the Shia-Sunni rift as both Empires used Sunni and Shia religions to mobilize domestic support and prosecuted the rival sect during their periods of control. For instance, Iraq's Sunni population suffered immensely during the Safavid reign (1623-38), while Iraqi Shiites were strictly excluded from positions of power during the Ottoman control (1638-1916). During the longer Ottoman period, the Sunnis monopolized administrative and political power and the Shiites were not provided similar opportunities ("The Ottoman Period" 1988)"
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The Iraq War: Causes and Justifications, 2008.
This paper attempts to explore the real reasons behind the invasion of Iraq.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether the American invasion was an example of realism i.e. a reaction to actual international circumstances and domestic needs, or of constructivism in the name of fostering democratic and humanitarian ideals. The paper argues that this war has been a jumble of realist and constructivist ideas, with the Bush Administration changing its justifications for invading Iraq. The paper asserts that President George W. Bush and his administration have largely framed the need for war and its "successes" in terms of hoped-for visions of an Americanized Iraq and Middle East. The paper discusses Bush's dream for an Iraq that would be favorable to American business and which would peacefully acquiesce to America's security needs. The paper looks at Bush's democracy promotion agenda and claims that it failed to take into account the real conditions and hopes of the men and women on the ground.
From the Paper
"The Iraq War looms as one of the great international relations questions of our times. In March 2003, the United States invaded the sovereign nation of Iraq based on what it claimed were threats from Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction, the presence of Islamist terrorists on Iraqi soil, and similar threats to American security and general world peace and stability. In the aftermath of that invasion, the Iraq Study Group and various other investigators showed that Iraq had not possessed any such weapons, that there had been no terrorist presence in that country, and that virtually all of the other reasons given for the invasion had been false. The United States government blamed faulty pre-war intelligence and quickly shifted its justification for invasion to the changed circumstances of a post-9/11 world. In such a world, according to President George W. Bush, Vice Present Dick Cheney, and others, Saddam Hussein and his totalitarian regime represented an existential "gathering threat" to the United States and its friends and allies."
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