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Arizona's 2006 Smoking Ban, 2008.
A review of the smoke free Arizona act and other community health issues.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the statute which prohibited smoking in most indoor public places in Arizona. The paper highlights the voter-generated initiative, which generated public support through a wide-spread state-wide advertising campaign that encompassed a variety of media. The paper reports that the initiative was submitted to the public in November of 2006 and as a result the citizens of Arizona overwhelmingly passed Proposition 201, "The Smoke-Free Arizona Act."
Outline:
Introduction
Reason for Selection
Description of the Issue/Problem
Background Factors Contributing to the Issue
Supporting Data to Validate Existence of Problem
Possible Community Health Nursing Interventions
From the Paper
"The voter-generated initiative generated public support through a wide-spread state-wide advertising campaign that encompassed a variety of media, including television, print, and the Internet. The initiative was submitted to the public in November of 2006. The citizens of Arizona overwhelmingly passed Proposition 201, The Smoke-Free Arizona Act. The statute prohibited smoking in most indoor public places including (amongst the most controversial areas) restaurants, bars, gaming facilities such as bingo halls, billiard or pool halls, bowling centers, public buildings, grocery stores or any food service establishment."
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Recent Terrorist Activities in the Balkans, 2008.
A review of the underlying reasons behind the acts of terrorism in the Balkans.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper states that one only has to look at ethnic strife and historic imperialism in the past to understand recent terrorist activities in the Balkans. The paper discusses the point that the foundation created by such events launched a widespread societal desire to have political and religious freedom, which in turn sparked the willingness to perform terrorist activities for that purpose. The paper continues by discussing the subject and events that led to terrorist activity.
From the Paper
"Recent terrorist events against United States interests throughout the world have caused Americans to take note and wonder what they ever did to deserve such hatred and anger. For the answer one only has to look at Islamic fundamentalist beliefs and groups to understand why the members of those groups believe it is appropriate and at times even God ordered to attack United States interests."
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Winning the 'War on Terrorism', 2008.
A synopsis of the article "Winning the "War on Terrorism"; The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy" by Anthony B. Cordesman.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Winning the "War on Terrorism"; The Need for a Fundamentally Different Strategy" that is a detailed analysis of the counterproductive nature of the current state of international counter-terrorism. The paper explains Cordesman's assertion that the struggle against terrorism is not military or secular, but is a war that must be fought from within Islam at an ideological level. The paper notes that this work is limited since it presents logical findings of just one expert on the subject.
From the Paper
"Cordesman's article is a detailed analysis of the counterproductive nature of the current state of international counterterrorism. The work stresses that the current aggressive actions of the West coupled with the inaction of the Middle East create a counterproductive strategy that intensifies terrorism, rather than reducing it. The first point made by Cordesman is that the West identifies terrorism as a global situation, while in reality there are several smaller regional situations, that have little international effect and that any kind of terrorism that can be correctly labeled as global, in its effect is that that is spurned on by Islamist extremism, which he even more specifically identifies as neo-Salafi Sunni Islamist extremism."
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International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism, 2008.
This paper examines the article "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman that discusses the need for international cooperation in counter-terrorism efforts. The paper looks at how Cordesman focuses on instances of cooperation and the lack of it in the past. The paper then points out that although Cordesman's work is logical, it is still merely the opinion of one expert on this subject.
From the Paper
"Cordesman's article clearly addresses experts in the field of counterterrorism, through a developed set of points regarding historical lessons that have been learned with regard to the need for international cooperation in counterterrorism efforts and future suggestions about such communications. The author first points out discrepancies in the definition of terrorism that are dependant upon the intent or view of the individual or organization, then moves on to discuss seven points about international communication on counter terrorism."
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"The Internet and Terrorism", 2008.
A review of the article "The Internet and Terrorism" by James A. Lewis.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Lewis' argument in his article, "The Internet and Terrorism", where he asserts that attempts to restrict terrorists' Internet use is not only illogical but likely impossible and would do more harm than good. The paper explains Lewis' belief that those who wish to limit Internet access to terrorists are not thinking logically but act impetuously in a manner that will likely hurt democratic society and free speech more than it will hurt terrorists.
From the Paper
"Lewis's article is a detailed opinion piece stressing the nature of the threat of the internet, as it is utilized as a tool by terrorists. The author stresses that the internet is above all a tool that has been utilized by terrorists to spread extremist doctrine and commit fraudulent acts that ensure funding, through means that are better and less risky than bank robberies and kidnappings. Lewis describes the need to assess the threat of the utilization of the internet by terrorists and take action that logically hinders its use for illegal means, such as identity theft or other means of obtaining resources."
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German-American Internment, 2008.
Looks at the internment of German-Americans during WWII.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the history of the Japanese internment camps is becoming more widely studied; however, the internment of German-Americans, even some Jewish refugees, in the United States during WWII has not been highly publicized. The author tells the personal stories of some of these internees. The paper stresses that, although World War II is in the distant past, after 9/11, there were Arab-Americans who were detained in jails for quite some time for no reason. The United States must find the appropriate way of protecting the nation against security threats without losing sight of the liberties.
From the Paper
"Because the FBI did not have the language ability and the contacts in Latin America, they drew up lists of Germans they found suspicious on the slightest evidence and anonymous informants. No holds were barred, as landlords turned in tenants and visa versa, and old lovers turned in each other. Anyone who made a denunciation to the U.S. consul in Guayaquil was paid $50 or given whisky. In Mexico, journalists and informants received retainers for providing "positive information" of dangerous Nazis. The flaws in this approach were obvious and objected to by at least two U.S. ambassadors."
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Emergency Management, 2008.
This paper discusses the changes in emergency management that resulted from hurricanes Andrew, Katrina and Rita.
1,832 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the poor responses to hurricanes Andrew and Katrina and analyzes some of the lessons learned. The paper also examines the changes implemented in the field of emergency management that include the strategic positioning of emergency resources, proper emergency housing and greater accountability.
Outline:
Introduction
Lessons Learned
Changes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The likelihood of an emergency occurring is inevitable. Although prevention serves an important role in minimizing the severity of the emergencies that are experienced, prevention is not a guarantee emergencies won't be severe. For this reason, emergency management has been the topic of a great deal of debate in recent years. The emergency response to Hurricane Andrew and more recently Hurricane Katrina, have exposed many problems with the emergency response system in America ("Katrina Compounded"). These problems greatly hindered the response effort and thousands of American citizens suffered greatly in the aftermath of the aforementioned natural disasters."
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The Uniform Code of Military Justice, 2008.
A reflection on the uniform code of military justice and its implications on army personnel.
2,045 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the uniform code of military justice or UCMJ as a system that balances the need of the commander to ensure proper order and discipline in the armed forces, and the principles of process and fairness. The paper states that servicemen who go beyond US jurisdiction need to understand both UCMJ and the laws of the foreign countries and the international community. The paper also mentions that that the UCMJ replaced command authority in criminal justice with one which balances individual rights under the American concept of fairness, with the need to ensure proper order and discipline.
From the Paper
" The Uniform Code of Military Justice or UCMJ is viewed as a system that balances the need of the commander to ensure proper order and discipline in the armed forces and the principles of due process and fairness (Turner 2000). Servicemen who go beyond US jurisdiction need to understand both UCMJ and the laws of the foreign countries as well as the international community. In cases like this, the foreign country would have the right to prosecute offenders from the US armed forces who break their criminal laws. This is the concept of foreign criminal jurisdiction. International law also affects the legality of the actions of a service member. In some cases, the international community would have the right to prosecute alleged war crimes. The UCMJ replaced command authority in criminal justice with one, which would balance individual rights under the American concept of fairness and due process with the need to ensure proper order and discipline. Before 1951, the laws governing the Army and Navy were commander-centered. They grew out of ancient military codes, which drew upon the right and necessity of the commander to impose strong disciplinary measures as he found fit. Courts were his tools and the rights of the accused were little considered. The more than 16 million men and women serving the US armed forces during World War separated from the service with a poor view of the Articles of War enforced (Ohman 2005). The need for reforms was the outcry of the American Bar Association, American Legion, and other private organizations and the public. This led to the creation and enactment of the UCMJ. Each amendment of the Code increased protections for the members of the armed forces."
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Terrorism, 2008.
An informative narrative of development of the terrorist organization "Hamas," in the Middle East.
1,301 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses and analyzes the topic of terrorist organizations and the threat of Hamas, the Palestinian terrorist organization. The paper states that Hamas began as a group dedicated to jihad against Israel, and is one of the most powerful terrorist organizations in the world. The paper concludes that Hamas is a serious threat to the world because they have developed cognizant training and attack methods, and are now in a position of political power in the Middle East.
From the Paper
"The ideological support of the group has grown since its founding. In fact, the group, which is an acknowledged terrorist organization, won in the Palestinian Authority election in 2006, making it a major political threat as well as terrorist threat. There is no umbrella or cover-up involved, the organization is out in the open and has the support of most Muslim Arabs in the region and around the world. However, Hamas has long been at odds with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), feeling that under Yassir Arafat's leadership, the organization had gotten too "soft" toward Israel "
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European Economic History, 2008.
This paper discusses the Industrial Revolution and the industrialization process across Europe in the 19th century.
2,287 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that the industrial revolution phenomenon is one of the most controversial issues studied by the economic literature, and each author tries to analyze it from a different point of view and to emphasize the aspects considered to be most significant. The writer then points out that the essence of all authorized opinions regarding the subject is that the industrial revolution took place approximately between 1760 and 1830 in Great Britain. Further, the writer discusses the industrial revolution consisted of technical, economic, and social mutations that generated industrial development and ensured Great Britain's world leadership until the end of the 19th century. The writer concludes that all over Europe, economies were reduced to a national level, the world trade reached a sudden decrease, the crisis having irreversible consequences regarding economic policies.
Outline:
The Impact of Industrialization over the European Economy
Europe's Economic Supremacy in the 19th Century
Europe's Development Process in the 19th Century
The Interwar European Economy
European Economic Trends in the 1920's and 1930's
The Great Depression and European Economy's Post-Crisis Situation
From the Paper
"The industrial revolution in Europe represented a leap that was created by certain accumulations generated by processes and phenomena that took place in the 17th century. Political aspects, like the centralization of certain monarchical states and the quasi-permanent state of war, led to several economic issues, like: administrative apparatus growth, refined royal courts, large armies with adequate equipment, in other words - very high expenses that generated the increase of taxes, of inflation, and the emphasis on the role of the international financial network.
"The mercantile economic policy that dominated the entire century contributed in a substantial manner to the process financial capital accumulation that represents an essential premise for the existence of the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution and the industrial development until World War I took place in several countries, presented both common elements and particularities between countries and between stages. The industrial revolution and development had various degrees of intensity until the middle of the 19th century and significantly increased several countries' production potential."
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Twilight in Los Angeles, 2008.
This paper reviews Anna Deveare Smith's book 'Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992'.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Anna Deveare Smith's 'Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992' is a very original work, standing at the limit between two literary genres, the drama and the documentary. The writer points out that in order to write the play, Smith interviewed approximately one hundred and fifty people who had taken part in any way in the riots that took place soon after the verdict against Rodney King, the black man who had been dreadfully beaten by white policemen. The book is thus made up of monologues coming from people from different races and cultures, different social strata and so on, who tell their opinion or voice their feelings and experiences related to racism and discrimination in general. In the last part of the book, one hears the voice of Twilight Bay, one of those who organized the gang truce and the character who gives the name of the book. The writer concludes that Twilight is a wise political activist of the street, who has a clearer view of racial differences than most of the people around them, and who, although in the middle of a conflict where it would be hard to be impartial, can see that people have to think differently so as to be true to their own humanity.
From the Paper
"Twilight is a black young man who tries to maintain the peace in his neighborhood by staying awake all night to make sure his gang will not be attacked by a rival one. As such, Twilight is a political activist of the street, trying to mediate the conflict between the different races. His vision of the world he lives in is very complex and the author specifically uses it as a conclusion to her documentary. Most of the monologues express an ambivalent view towards racism and social conflict. Some of the people feel hatred, others simply think that the differences between cultures are far too great to be overcome, but at the same time, humanity tells them their own feelings are wrong. Twilight seems to be one step ahead of the others. He represents the hope of an eventual definitive reconciliation between the races. The way he interprets his own name reveals much of his personality and his view. Thus, he feels he is standing between two worlds: the fact that he tries to maintain the peace among the gangs makes him think that he is, like he is being told by the others, somewhere in the limbo, that is, between the dark present and the possibility of a brighter future, when there will finally be peace among the people ... "
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Contact Dermatitis, 2008.
This paper discusses the medical issue of contact dermatitis and looks at the Irish laws in this regard for the protection of workers.
4,046 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a medical epidemiology and overview of contact dermatitis, while focusing on the risks and complications associated with contact dermatitis among workers in the construction industry. The writer pays attention to Irish laws in place meant to protect workers from exposure to irritants that may result in contact or allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis and looked at what actions may be necessary to mitigate risk or provide additional resources for those most at risk for contagion with this known disease.
Outline:
Introduction
Background to the Problem
Significance of Study
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Critical Evaluation Literature Related to Construction Industry and Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis, Construction and the Irish
Summary of Literature Review
From the Paper
"As more and more construction workers develop symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis, it is more important than ever that researchers focus on ways and methods they can prevent occupational hazards from reducing one's capacity to work or their quality of life. Among the important facts noted in the literature review is the increasing prevalence of contact dermatitis in Ireland and other areas where legislation has been slow to enforce some health and occupational acts that would protect workers from exposure to chemical irritants. Cited in this literature review are cases suggesting that Irish buildings and drinking water are among the primary causes for allergic or irritant contact dermatitis among workers and civilians alike. This serves to emphasize the need for a complete review of contact dermatitis, including its many forms, and an evaluation of the current legislation in place to assess its relevance and whether legislation needs to be improved to protect workers from developing debilitating forms of this condition."
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Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Act, 2008.
An analysis of the benefits of the Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Act.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Medicare Fair Prescription Drug Price Act of 2007 is an amendment of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) and how, according to the latter, Medicare beneficiaries receive a prescription drug benefit called Part D. Private prescription drug plans are also approved for Medicare beneficiaries by the federal government. It also discusses how government interference in MMA, according to the regulations of the 2007 Act, would work for the benefit of price regulation, but to the detriment of choice and market competition.
From the Paper
"The main benefit of Medicare Part D is to beneficiaries and taxpayers - in other words, to the public. Beneficiaries are allowed to choose whatever they prefer in terms of pricing and type of drugs. The market competition encouraged the negotiations between private plans and drug providers are therefore not beneficial only in terms of lower costs for certain drugs, but also in terms of choice. Some beneficiaries choose the higher priced drugs that work best for them, while others prefer lower costs for the financial benefits gained in this way. The plan therefore provides enough diversity for the public to choose from."
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Counter Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 2008.
A review of the effort of the United States to combat terrorism and the issue of unconventional warfare.
4,230 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the issue of terrorism as being the most stringent aspect of international politics, since the events of 2001 proved that terrorism is by no means a conventional threat and a conventional war cannot be waged against it. The paper states that it is important that a comprehensive approach on the matter be taken into consideration. The paper further discusses that the United States has been promoting a complex counter terrorism policy which includes the combination of various aspects of foreign policy. The paper focuses on the fact that pursuing a military unconventional warfare strategy in a diplomatic environment will only work, if there is synergy within the United States Government.
From the Paper
"One of the first aspects to be taken into account is the issue of the global nature of the terrorist threat. In this sense, the United States has been widely considered a worldwide approach on the matter. This method of dealing with terrorism is obvious in the 2006 National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. More precisely, the document drew the guidelines for the activities of the US Government in its attempt to address the issue of terrorism. In this sense, among other aspects, the policy considers that action must be taken in order to "advance effective democracies as the long-term antidote to the ideology of terrorism; prevent attacks by terrorist networks; deny terrorists the support and sanctuary of rogue states; deny terrorists control of any nation they would use as a base and launching pad for terror; and lay the foundations and build the institutions and structures we need to carry the fight forward against terror and help ensure our ultimate success" . All these measures are taken in relation to two distinctive paths of action which in order to be effective, must be interlinked and combined. These two directions are the military and the diplomatic one."
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Abuses at Guantanamo Bay, 2008.
This paper explores the documented mistreatment of Guantanamo Bay detainees.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews several articles on prisoner abuses in Guantanamo Bay. The paper looks at prisoners' conditions, tortures, military trials and legal reviews that the Bush administration contend are in order. The paper concludes that the situation negates the American image as the guardian of democracy, human rights, justice and fairness and moral leadership in the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Analysis and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Guantanamo Bay Naval Station is located in the Oriente Province at the Southeast corner of Cuba. It was installed in January 2002 to hold "enemy combatants" captured in Afghanistan and those suspected of connection with al-Qaeda.
"What has really been happening in Guantanamo? What does it say or reflect about the true crime, justice and violence conditions in the US? It is of utmost interest to any freedom-loving individual in the world to know the answers. The US is the most powerful nation in the world. It has promoted an image as the guardian of democracy, justice and fairness and human rights. The situation in Guantanamo should test that image and moral leadership."
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A Paradoxical University System, 2008.
This paper discusses a paradoxical University system present in the United Arab Emirates.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the United Arab Emirates (UAE) represent a most interesting case in the context of modern education. The writer notes that as one proceeds with a literature review designed to address the role played by the university system in the UAE, it is clear that this is a context which should be considered key to the future of a part of the Persian Gulf rife with promise. Indeed, the writer maintains that if the UAE is to live up to the potential suggested by its vast wealth, it must find ways to improve the social and political conditions that overshadow much of the progress implied by its economy. Moreover, the writer argues that the UAE must alter its orientation toward its indigenous population, which it seems often is given short-shrift to the courtship of foreign business students. The literature review here is intended to reveal the current circumstances and future needs of the UAE university system.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Technology and communication have fueled its capacity not just to be a purveyor of a valuable world resource--a disposition which has genuinely seen to the destructive exploitation of so many nations in the 'developing' and 'undeveloped' spheres--but also as a willing and able partner in the implementation of the global trade process.
"Its educational orientation must be led by the central Ministry of Education and the administration of Sheikh Mohammed, which are charged with the duty of ensuring that the students coming out of school are not simply prepared to contend with the complex global obligations of the workforce, but who are additionally oriented to take the UAE forward as a global competitor in the production of innovation. In order to do so, it must, of course, act according to the mores of a global economy, which demands the presence of women in all forms and at every level. An absence hereof may cause a strain on the relationship between this and western counterparts where cultural and social parameters demand explicated equal protections for the rights of women."
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The Guatemalan Coup of 1954, 2008.
This paper reviews the books "Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by S. Schlesinger and S. Kinzer and "Modern Latin America" by T. E. Skidmore and P. H. Smith.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer and "Modern Latin America" by Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith as they relate to the Guatemalan coup of 1954. The paper explores the role of the United Fruit Company (UFC) in the coup that overturned the legitimate Arbenz government of Guatemala in 1954, the CIA role in this affair and the UFC's relationship with the U.S. State Department and with the Guatemalan workers.
From the Paper
"How many Americans know that the United States Government directly and dramatically interfered with the internal affairs of a sovereign nation (Guatemala) in 1954? And it wasn't a matter of small-time inference, but in fact the American CIA installed a dictator friendly to the U.S., and ousted the existing Arbenz administration. Probably few Americans also realize that this action in Guatemala was not a unique moment in U.S. interference in foreign nation's internal affairs. Indeed, the CIA had orchestrated and carried out a coup in Iran on August 19, 1953. The CIA installed the Shah of Iran into power thanks to a plan called "Operation Ajax" authorized by President Dwight Eisenhower and directed by the same men who carried out the coup against the legitimate government of Guatemala - brothers John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) and Allen Dulles (CIA Director). The Iranian coup was fully explained in a book called All the Shaw's Men by Stephen Kinzer, the same author who co-wrote Bitter Fruit."
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Recruiting and Retaining Soldiers, 2008.
A discussion of the incentives for the recruitment and retention of soldiers in the U.S. Army.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges facing U.S. Army recruiters today in view of the value placed on civilian versus military service. Demand has increased, particularly in the Reserve, for recruiters as well as for troops.The writer explains that, contrary to public belief, military wages and pay raises are civilian comparable, and both the Army and the Reserve offer substantial bonuses and many side benefits, including payment of education costs. The writer concludes that these benefits, together with the currently slowing economy and new opportunities for recruiters at federally supplemented public schools may raise demand on the part of potential recruits.
Outline:
Price
Prices Set
Demand
Temporary Price Promotions
From the Paper
"Wages or prices are set based on the level of achievement and the time an individual has served. This scale is forthright and potentially exponential, as continuing to serve often offers the soldier significant wage increases that are comparable to civilian work. The problem for many recruiters simply becomes expressing the strict set of regulations that are not always easy to understand or explain, for the recruiter. The determination of starting pay as well as pay increases are determined by entrance skill set (testing and prior education and occasionally civilian experience) as well as years of service to the military."
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China's Impact on the U.S. Economy, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of China on the US economy, specifically interest rates.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes China's impact of the United States economy. It first analyzes China's economy, particularly its economic reforms from 1976 until 2006. The paper then discusses the US low savings rate versus China's high savings rate, the purchasing power of the U.S. consumers and how many companies of the U.S. have set up widespread manufacturing operations in China. It also looks at how China has helped in keeping the US interest rates at a relatively low level.
From the Paper
"Due to its low savings rate, the U.S. economy is heavily dependent on countries such as China with a high savings rate, for its foreign capital inflows for promoting growth and funding the federal budget deficit. China has interceded in the currency markets to a great extent for limiting the appreciation of the Yuan. Due to this, China has become the fastest and largest growing holder of FER -- Foreign Exchange Reserves in the world, which amounted to $1.4 trillion as on September, 2007. A large share of its FER is invested by China in U.S. Securities, totaling almost $699 billion on June, 2006 which makes it the 2nd largest foreign holder of U.S. Securities, the 1st being Japan. Almost 16.8 percent of the total foreign ownership of the U.S. Treasury Securities was held by China in October 2007, amounting to $388 billion. Some policymakers of the U.S. are concerned that these large holdings might be used by China to influence certain U.S. policies which they oppose. All this goes to show the stronghold which China has over the U.S. and how it will impact the U.S. economy in the future. (Morrison; Labonte, 2008)"
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