| Papers [115-133] of 434 :: [Page 7 of 23] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 —> | |
|
|
Gun Silencer Theory, 2002.
An overview of the design and dynamics of gun silencers.
1,736 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the physics behind gun silencers, whose task it is is to take an explosive discharge of hot gases, which is the result of a controlled explosion in a tiny space, and eliminate the sound. It provides a brief biography of Hiram Maxim, the inventor of the machine gun, gas motor, mouse trap, and the first firearm silencer / noise suppressor, and the history of the development of the silencer over the years. It also discusses the dynamics of the gasses created in the explosion and evaluates the dynamics of an effective gun silencer design.
Outline
Sound Dynamics
Gas Dynamics
Gun Silencer Design
Disclaimer
From the Paper
"The explosion which is caused by igniting the powder in a fire arm munitions creates not only compressed air waves, and thus sound, but the explosion also introduces an additional volume of gas into the gun barrel which must also be diminished if the silencer is to effectively muzzle the sound. The gases take up volume in the barrel, increasing the speed at which the air travels. The additional gases also compress the air. So the explosion contributed to the sound in both of the ways described in the table above. In order to counteract these forces, the gas volume, and the compression level of the gasses must both be diminished."
| |
|
North Korea, 2002.
Discusses the present nuclear threat posed by North Korea.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
North Korea has been intimidating the United States with a series of nuclear threats since October 2002, when U.S. officials stopped the supply of heavy oils to the North in retaliation of its confessed production of nuclear warheads, violating agreements signed in 1994. Shortly after, North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NTP) and agreements with the United Nations. The paper shows that while there is little proof that North Korea has nuclear weapons, it is strongly suspected that it does. The paper discusses the North Korean weapon issue.
From the Paper
"Many world leaders are suspicious about North Korea?s withdrawal from the NPT for many reasons. For one, it is a well-known fact that countries developing clandestine nuclear weapons programs take many measures to conceal information about these programs from the rest of the world (NTI, 2003). Therefore, without membership in the treaty, North Korea has made it difficult for world leaders to obtain information about the country?s weapon capabilities."
| |
|
Isaac Newton, 2002.
A brief account of Isaac Newton's life and the three laws of motion.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay provides a brief background on Isaac Newton, the man and the scientist. The main focus of the paper is Newton's three laws of motion. 1)Law of Inertia; 2)Law of Acceleration; and 3)Law of Interaction. The paper explains what each law is, how it applies to the behavior of motion and what its significance is to the world of physics. Through these three laws, Newton was able to prove the nature of objects in the universe, and how they interact with each other.
From the Paper
"The First Law of Motion is stated as follows: ?An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force? (Physics Classroom 2003). The first law is also called the Law of Inertia, and explains the concept of inertia, which is an object at rest. The first law explains that, in properly defining inertia, ?the tendency of an object to persist in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line is called inertia? (Navaza 1996 110). Theoretically, the first law of motion is just a restatement of Galileo Galilei?s analysis about the nature and behavior of motion."
| |
|
Gasoline, 2002.
Describes the process of making gasoline from crude oil.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the process whereby crude oil is turned into gasoline in a refinery. The paper gives a breakdown on all the components used in the process. It then looks in detail at the four steps used in the process: separation, upgrading, conversion and blending.
From the Paper
"The various constituents of crude oil have one big difference in their physical properties that can be used to separate them, i.e., their boiling point. Distillation is a process wherein a liquid is boiled to a point that it vaporizes and then it is collected and cooled down again to get it in liquid form again. However, if the original mixture that was being boiled consisted of two of more liquids with boiling points that are sufficiently far away, it would be possible to boil and vaporize one of them and then collect only that liquid at the other end. This is the process called fractional distillation. In the separation stage, this is the principle that is fundamentally at work."
| |
|
Terminal Ballistics, 2002.
This paper examines a category of ballistic science known as terminal ballistics, the study of how a projectile penetrates solids and thus is the mechanism of incapacitation.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 49.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the penetration and ?stopping power? of a bullet can be measured using the kinetic energy and Taylor Index equations. The paper reveals that wound ballistics is concerned with the motions and interactions of the projectile with tissue. The author believes that, through understanding of the physics behind bullet impacts and penetration, the criminologist more fully understands how different types of projectiles react when striking flesh or other resistant mediums and can lead to better a understanding of the whys and hows of a crime. Formulas included.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Physics behind the Bullet
Wound Ballistics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To get the bullet in a vital area you need penetration. As a rule of thumb, velocity times sectional density is equal to relative bullet penetration. This is valid for bullets of similar composition. In good hunting bullets, expansion is consistently in the neighborhood of double the diameter and we assume the bullet will retain its weight. If the bullet goes to pieces, losing weight and consequently its sectional density, you might as well forget about it. The heavier bullet has a higher sectional density and will maintain the higher sectional density when it has expanded to double its diameter. In addition, the heavier bullets tend to have lower velocity. At lower velocity the resistance and consequently crushing force on the bullet nose, is lower, so expansion is delayed. This is why heavy bullets have delayed expansion, and do not show the same tendency to blow up on the surface as light bullets even though they have identical impact energy. It is how a given bullet interacts with tissue that determines its lethality."
| |
|
Psychology Is Not a Science, 2002.
A paper which discusses Descartes' philosophy and why he thought psychology cannot be considered a science.
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper considers why psychology can never be a science like physics by looking at Descartes' philosophy in detail. Descartes' thinking related to this issue is discussed - it begins with a discussion of the nature of the body and the mind and the link between them. The nature of ideas are then described including why Descartes believed that science could only be studied on the basis of observations and experiments.
From the Paper
"The first important part of Descartes' philosophy relating to the study of psychology is his consideration of the difference between the body and the mind. Descartes saw the body and mind as having different features. He saw the body as an object, based on his definition of an object as something that occupies space, is flexible and is movable. These same features are not true of the mind. The mind does not occupy space. It is important to note here, that the brain occupies space. However, when Descartes refers to the mind he refers to its thinking capacity, and this does not occupy space. The mind is also not flexible or movable. Therefore, according to Descartes the body is an object and the mind is not. This explains one reason why psychology cannot be a science like physics. According to Descartes, only an object can be dealt with scientifically. Since the mind is not an object, it cannot be treated scientifically."
| |
|
Earth's Diameter, 2002.
An insight in how to measure the diameter of the Earth.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper describes Eratosthenes' calculation of the Earth's diameter, based on one assumption and two measurements, that the Earth was a sphere and that the two measurements made are the degree of the Earth's shadow at noon at two points and the distance between those points. It outlines how this experiment can be repeated by measuring the degree of the shadows cast at two locations either directly north or south of each other at noon on the same day and details the equipment required, the measurements to be taken and the mathematical equations involved.
From the Paper
"Eratosthanes used the city of Syene in Egypt as the first point. This point was selected because it was known that on noon on the first day of summer the sun was directly overhead. This was known because people observed that at this time, the buildings cast no shadows (York University). Therefore, the degree of the shadow at Syene was 0o.
Eratosthanes then needed to know the degree of the shadow at another point either directly north or directly south, at the same time of day. Eratosthanes selected Alexandria as the second city. The degree of the sun's shadow was measured and found to be 7.2o (HEASARC)."
| |
|
Nuclear Energy, 2002.
A discussion of the risks and benefits of nuclear energy.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how nuclear energy is a controversial form of energy that is being phased out of American society. No new nuclear reactors for creating power have been ordered in the United States since 1978. It looks at how nuclear energy is not only used to generate electrical power for cities and towns across the world, it is also used in weapons of war, to power nuclear submarines and in medicine. It evaluates how the benefits of nuclear power are many, but so are the risks.
From the Paper
"Nuclear weapons have existed in the world since World War II, when the United States dropped atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan to end the war. After the war, the Soviet Union developed their own nuclear weapons, and the resulting Cold War made backyard bomb shelters popular. Everyone was worried someone else was going to drop the "bomb" and cause a nuclear catastrophe. Nuclear weapons were beneficial to society when they were first created, because they ended a war that could have continued on, thus saving lives in the end. However, today nuclear weapons are used mainly to keep other countries in check, and the threat always looms that a bomb could be dropped which would cause a worldwide nuclear disaster, or terrorists could acquire a bomb, causing a disaster."
| |
|
Impact of Albert Einstein on Life Past and Present, 2002.
The paper discusses the profound effect Albert Einstein's great achievements and ideas had during his lifetime and still have on individuals today.
2,342 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper traces Einstein's formative years, focusing on the difficulties he encountered at school. The paper analyzes the way his Theory of Relativity affected many areas of life in Einstein's day, such as science, the arts and the production of weapons of mass destruction. It also examines the fact that since Einstein's theories have never been disproved, most modern scientific research is still based upon his theories.
From the Paper
"Einstein will likely be remembered for into the future for the scientific contributions he made, but it is important that those who steadily Einstein and admire his work also realize that he was an individual with thoughts and feelings of his own. He was generally a pacifist and a humanitarian who even renounced his German citizenship when the Nazis took over Germany. He came to the United States instead, and spent his days in New Jersey, where he continued to work on various scientific theories and other notable information. Albert Einstein passed away in 1955, and the scientific community suffered a great loss that day."
| |
|
Gas Prices, 2002.
Discusses what determines gasoline prices in the United States and compares the situation to the rest of the world.
1,771 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and analyze the topic of gasoline prices in the United States and offer some insight as to why they are so high. Specifically, it answers the question "Do Americans really have a right to complain?" It also discusses European gas prices, and why they are higher than America's, as well as some alternative fuels that might help ease gas prices in the United States.
From the Paper
"American gas prices may be higher than we have ever encountered before, but they are much lower than gas prices around the world. American drivers are spoiled. They tend to drive large, inefficient vehicles, and then rant about the high price of gasoline. They drive long distances for work and play, using more gasoline per capita than residents of many foreign countries. American drivers also rely heavily on their vehicles, rather than using more efficient and fuel-friendly alternatives, like carpooling or public transportation. We depend too much on foreign oil, a resource that is non-renewable. We need to develop more alternatives to our dependence on gasoline by researching more efficient fuels and automobiles, like the hybrids that have recently been developed by Honda and Toyota, which use a mixture of gasoline and electricity to provide better gas mileage while using less gasoline. Our dependency on oil must stop, or one day, our children will wake up to world without gasoline."
| |
|
Nuclear Energy, 2002.
A discussion of the uses of nuclear energy.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how ever since an Italian physicist, Enrico Fermi succeeded in producing the first nuclear chain reaction at the University of Chicago in December of 1942 the usefulness and the drawbacks of nuclear energy have been debated all over the world. It focuses on the benefits of nuclear energy and discusses why we should indeed use it. It also examines the concerns regarding the use of nuclear power and describe ways of overcoming them.
Outline
Types of Nuclear Reactions
Energy Release in Nuclear Reactions
Public Concerns about Nuclear Energy
Benefits of Nuclear Energy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As noted earlier, most nuclear power plants are based on the ?fission? process. During various stages of the ?fission? nuclear cycle there is a high level of radioactivity present. Nuclear weapons can also be made from the nuclear fuels uranium-235 and plutonium-239. These two facts have prompted a public outcry against the use of nuclear energy, even for peaceful purposes. An accident at the Chernobyl (located in the then USSR) power plant in 1986 and a 1979 incident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant (near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) further reinforced these concerns. As a result, the use of nuclear energy has declined in the US and most of the world during the last several years. In my opinion these concerns about the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are overblown and nuclear energy deserves a second look as a solution for the ever-increasing energy needs of the world."
| |
|
Robotics, 2002.
An insight into the subject of robotics and robots.
4,231 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses robotics, a technology that deals with the design, construction and operation of robots that are used in numerous applications. It looks at how these applications range from industries that require accurate and repetitive tasks (such as the car and computer manufacturing industries), dangerous tasks such as diffusing of bombs and other chores that cannot be performed by humans, e.g., carrying out research on far-away planets, or walking inside live volcanoes. It provides a description of what robots are and how they work, the history of robotics, the present applications of robots, the impact of robots in our lives and their limitations as well as the future of robots. It also discusses how close we are in the development of a ?bionic? man.
Outline
Robotics and Robots Defined
Origins of the Word ?Robot? and ?Robotics?
History of Robotics
How Robots Work?
Applications of Robots
The Future of Robotics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although robots as we know them today are a relatively recent invention, the idea of automated machine or a mechanical man has fascinated the human mind since the ancient times. For example, the ancient Greek poet Homer in his writings described maidens of gold, who are supposed to be mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of metalsmiths. Similarly, in ancient Jewish legend, robot-like servants made of clay are brought to life by a spoken charm. (Tesler) In more recent times, Leonardo da Vinci, the ?Renaissance man? drew plans for a mechanical man. Eighteenth century watchmakers were also famous for making mechanical, robot-like creatures. (Bekey)"
| |
|
A Career as an Aircraft Mechanic, 2002.
This paper looks at what is required to become an aircraft mechanic and what the future holds for those make it their career.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
A discussion about a career as an aircraft mechanic. The writer uses five sources to explore the education and skills that are required for the career. It examines the changing airline industry and evolving occupation of aircraft mechanics. Includes details of what the profession entails and what skills are appropriate as well as the positive future outlook for those who choose to work in the field.
From the Paper
"The airline industry is an ever-changing field. There are many types of aircraft being used today, including, freight, commercial passenger and private passenger planes. Each plane has to be built, maintained and fixed when something goes wrong. The field of airplane mechanics is a growing and always changing area of job exploration. Skills as an aircraft mechanic can be utilized in the armed services, the commercial airline field, or at an airfield with private aircraft. They can also be used to work where airplanes are sold and brought in for maintenance and repair. It is a field that promises to continue expanding and as the world continues to globalize the opportunities will continue to increase."
| |
|
Nuclear Power, 2002.
A discussion of the arguments for and against nuclear power.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how nuclear power is one of the most divisive issues in America today and how opponents of nuclear power have succeeded in convincing people to oppose the construction of new plants and to fight the relicensing of old plants. It puts forth some of the arguments from both sides to support their positions and looks at issues such as the question of safety and need for nuclear power plants and the of storing nuclear waste. It analyzes how proponents of nuclear power present convincing arguments for the continued and expanded uses of nuclear power in this country and how they claim that the objections raised by opponents lack validity and are contrary to the facts and our experience.
From the Paper
"The opponents of nuclear power focus on the inherent lack of safety that they believe that the use of nuclear power entails. This includes both the dangers of radiation from nuclear power plants and the possibility of a catastrophic accident. First, the opponents say that radiation levels are higher in areas around nuclear power plants, and this leads to an increased number of deaths from cancer. They cite the case of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station in Plymouth, Massachusetts that went online in 1988. Responding to the concerns of local residents, the state conducted a study which found that there were fifty percent more cancer cases in the five towns around the plant than there were in the rest of the state. The power company had said that people in the area would receive 400 times less radiation from the plant than they would from natural sources. Further studies showed that the risk of getting cancer was four times higher for people living within ten miles of the plant than for other parts of the state. "
| |
|
The Anthropology of Sound, 2002.
The history and development of the understanding of sound from an anthropological perspective.
3,148 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses sound from an anthropological perspective and concentrates on the origin and the nature of sound. The paper also reviews on how the study and the development of sound progressed with technology. It also concentrates on the association of sound with language and culture and shows how the pronunciation of words have resulted in different sounds with the development made in the writing scripts. The paper also lays emphasis on the association of sound with memory called echoic memory.
From the Paper
"People love sound and sound today is ubiquitous; sound will continue to fascinate people for ages to come. The pleasures of sound flow from frequency, amplitude and harmonic constitution or waveform. Perhaps there is no other form of art where the pleasures of mere form are more marvelous in complexity, more intellectual in essence and purer in quality. Plato once suggested that the sensibility for sound might be the most civilizing of educational instruments. People and sound both belong to each other and both grow out of life."
| |
|
Bell?s Inequality, 2002.
An insight into Bell?s Theorem (Bell?s Inequality) of quantum theory.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the work of the physicist John Bell, who's great recognized achievement occurred during the 1960s when he brought new life into the foundations of quantum theory. It examines how Bell demonstrated that discussion of such concepts as 'realism', 'determinism' and 'locality' could be formed into a rigorous mathematical statement, 'Bell's Theorem?, which is capable of experimental test. It looks at how his work has become a point of interest for scientists throughout the world who have found applications not only in quantum theory, but in investigations of the physical universe as well and how current applications of Bell?s Inequality have been found in the development of quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
From the Paper
"Quantum mechanics, however, fails to satisfy Bell's Inequality. He predicts correlations that cross over boundaries that are delineated by the structure of that inequality. Quantum mechanics predicts ?odd? correlations that seem to defy a common, classical conception of reality, and in fact it is for basically this type of reason that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen argued in 1935 that it was incomplete. The formulation of Bell's Inequality, however, allowed the possibility for determining, through experiment, which was right: quantum mechanics or a local reality theory of the sort Einstein postulated, because it stated what must be the case in our experiments if a locally real theory is correct."
| |
|
The Eternal Circle of Time, 2002.
An examination of the apparant "Cause and Effect" order of the universe, and the roll "Time" plays in this order.
2,680 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 80.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper attempts to suggest an answer to the question of governace in the universe. It looks at what may seem to be a hirarchial order of "Cause and Effect", which sees every event as the result of a previous one and at the same time the cause of another event. As we go further back into the very begining it appears that "Time" itself is the essence of it all.
From the Paper
"While not a popular theory among modern historians and philosophers, the idea of the Great Chain of Being does offer an explanation for the harmonies and interrelationships that exist within the universe. Nothing can occur without a prior cause, and each preceding event is the reason for the following event. . . Therefore, there must be an overall order, an overall rhyme and reason to the universe and all that is contained within it. Time does indeed have a purpose, and its purpose is the eternal cycle of birth, development, and regeneration."
| |
|
Formation of Stars, 2002.
An analysis of the processes involved in the formation of stars.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that by viewing the gas that surrounds stars as a dynamic atmosphere, undergoing cycles of materials similar to those that go on in the Earth's own protective gases, astronomers are understanding more and more about the processes involved in the formation of stars. The paper deals with the questions of how the supernova of massive stars affect the formation of stars in the future, why star formation seems to occur in relative bursts, and how long the Milky Way will continue to produce stars.
From the Paper
"Beyond applying the atmospheric model to intergalactic gas, astronomers have also been studying more carefully exactly what components make up the gas and at what temperature these components exist. About 90% of the constituents of intergalactic atmosphere are various forms of hydrogen, with close to 10% being helium, and everything else, from lithium to uranium -- the whole spectrum of the periodic chart -- making up less than 0.1%. The majority of the hydrogen is present as neutral hydrogen, termed H I by astronomers. This form of hydrogen gas is identified by the spectral frequency of the light that it emits, namely 1,420 megahertz. Although scattered throughout the galaxy, the majority of H I is located around the galactic midplane, and forms a gaseous disk about 300 parsecs thick (Reynolds, 2002, p. 40)."
| |
|
Black Holes, 2002.
An exploration of the mysterious phenomenon of 'black holes' in space, definition and theories.
1,428 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at black holes in terms of the most prevalent theories. It first, defines what we have come to understand as a black hole. It then touches upon how black holes are documented and measured. Thirdly, it examines the black hole believed to be at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. Finally, it explores the prevalent hypothesis that black holes are in fact the genesis of all galaxies.
From the Paper
"Gravity is the cause of black holes. A black hole is the unlimited and irresistible force of ultimate gravity in the universe. To understand how a black hole is created, it is helpful to understand a bit about the basics of gravity. Imagine shooting an arrow into the sky. The harder you shoot the arrow, the farther it will go in attempting to escape the pull of the Earth?s gravity. If you were to use a big enough bow with enough force you could help the arrow reach speeds exceeding 7miles per second which is the escape velocity for the Earth. Escape velocity indicates the minimum speed necessary to beat the pull of the planet?s gravitational core (Cowen , 390). The strength of the gravitational pull of the core is determined by the density and mass of the core. The denser and more massive that the core is, the greater the gravitational pull. If you were to drop a ball to the center of the earth, the gravitational forces would crush it into an ever shrinking volume requiring even greater amounts of force to help it reach escape velocity. As the greatest theoretical speed for any physical object in the universe is that of light (which travels at 186 thousand miles per second) a mass large and dense enough can actually exert so much force that not even light can achieve escape velocity. The object that can pull even light into it and keep it from escaping is a black hole."
|
|
|