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Plato, 2007.
This paper examines "The Trial and Death of Socrates: Four Dialogues" by Plato.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes Plato's work "The Trial and Death of Socrates: Four Dialogues". The writer maintains that the examination uncovered that this work emphasizes the strength of character that Plato possessed. The writer explains that this work discusses the final day of Socrates. The writer then looks at the four dialogues: "Euthyphro", "The Apology", "Crito" and "Phaedo". The writer concludes that whether or not one agreed with his actions is irrelevant to the truth in which he lived; even if one believes that it was a misguided truth.
Outline:
Introduction
"The Trial and Death of Socrates: Four Dialogues"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Also in this dialogue Euthyphro reveals that his father has been accused of murder and Euthyphro believes that his father is guilty and should be punished. Euthyphro's beliefs about his father, causes Socrates to engage in a conversation about piety."
"The Apology dialogue is documentation of the trial of Socrates and the three speeches he made in his own defense. This aspect of the work is often viewed as the most poetic as Socrates actually shocks many of his listeners by honoring the law and standing in his own truth. He did this although many still wanted him to escape the prison and save his own life."
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Lunar Effects on Behavior, 2006.
A discussion regarding the influence of the moon on the earth.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the influence of the moon on the earth and how it has fascinated mankind throughout history. According to the paper, prior to the present scientific age the moon was considered to have strange and occult powers that could influence human behavior and events in a multitude of different ways.
From the Paper
"The question therefore arises as to why certain behaviors have been ascribed to the phases and changes of the moon. The answer to this question in fact reveals the falsity of many lunar myths. One answer is that these myths have their origins in ancient folklore and legends that have been continued in various forms to the present time. For example, the myth about the way that the moon can influence human birth rates can be traced back to the ancient Assyrian and Babylonian beliefs which state that, "A woman is fertile according to the moon." (Carroll R. T. 2005) These views are therefore based on unsubstantiated and pre-scientific opinions of the world and nature and can therefore be seen in the same context as the belief that the world was flat and not round. "
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The International Order, 2007.
A research paper on whether the international order is an increasingly liberal one.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper examines whether the international order is an increasingly liberal one. The paper further examines how this liberalization of the international order, that has grown in recent years, is based on the classic liberal model of freedom, individual rights, fair government, and prosperity. In closing, the researcher argues that pure liberalism is what the world is embracing, and what needs to continue for the good of the international order, given the perilous nature of the modern world.
Table Of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Statement
Research Methods
Preliminary Findings
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Statement Of The Thesis
Purpose Of The Study
Importance Of The Study
Chapter 2
Review Of Related Literature
Introduction
Issues Discussed In The Literature
Chapter 3:
Summary
Conclusions
Closing Thoughts
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The problem that was uncovered in the course of the research is that the classic definition of what it means to be liberal, which is to say what the early liberal thinkers intended and envisioned for the future of the liberal movement, is not was subsequently became the daily liberal model that was injected into the international order. Rather, the liberal profile and manifesto, so to speak, became distorted and misrepresented with the passage of time and the manipulation of the liberal model by activists, common citizens, and world governments."
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Leisure and Recreation, 2006.
This paper establishes a professional philosophy for the value of leisure and recreation.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whereas the Japanese have incorporated the importance of recreation and leisure into their national culture and identity, some Americans feel guilty about recreation and leisure activities because of a residual effect of the Puritan work ethic, which equates having fun with laziness. The author points out, by examining research studies, that recreation and leisure are important to every culture because they contribute positively to the individual, the community and the environment. The paper stresses that American society needs to change its definition of recreation and leisure from being activities that are "squeezed in" during moments of free time to being activities that are made a priority because of their numerous benefits.
Table of Contents:
Individual Benefits
Community Building
Environmental Benefits
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research by Iwaski, et. al. demonstrated that male and female managers in stressful positions who choose to make leisure a priority find that it becomes an invaluable coping tool. While there do appear to be gender differences in the types of activities selected, both men and women expressed that their recreation and leisure activities were critical to their physical and professional survival. And, although children have not yet entered the competitive corporate world, a similar study by Caldwell et.al. found that middle school students who regularly participated in positive recreation and leisure activities found that they became more efficient and better focused, more aware of their community, and perhaps less likely to participate in substance use and abuse."
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Postmodernist Cities, 2007.
This paper looks at postmodern cities and their culture of consumerism.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how postmodern cities are not known for their nation-state characteristics as cities were in ancient times; now they are known as places of consumption, of eating, shopping and entertaining. The paper contends that postmodern cities have become palaces of consumption and greed and discusses how it is primarily due to increased production and the spreading of capitalism. The paper explains that we are living in a consumer society or a consumerist culture because consumption drives production instead of it being the other way around.
From the Paper
"The city has been post modernized beyond belief. It appears as if eating, shopping and entertaining are the only activities cities are meant for. People love entertaining and being entertained in the new postmodern city (Lofland 1989). Consumerism however may not always involve money. There are some non-monetary consumption experiences, which are rampant in the cities such as street-shows, and art may not have really gone out of its spirits. We regularly see art exhibitions, concerts and antiques shows being held but they are more for purchasing and trading purposes than for the purpose of promotion of art."
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Health Promotion Model, 2007.
An analysis of the background of the founder and theories of the health promotion model.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the biography and philosophy of the founder of the health promotion model (HPM), Nora J. Pender. It discusses the theoretical assumptions of the HPM. It applies the theory to the practice of nursing and discusses the implications of the HPM to situations today, such as the health of school lunches, as well as the way that HPM provides nurses with a way to encourage patient responsibility for their own behaviors.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction: Background And Educational History Of Nola J. Pender
Identification Of The Central Focus And Major Principal Of Theory
Application Of The Theory To Nursing Practice, Education And Research
Nursing's Four-Metaparadigm Concept (Person, Environment, Health And Nursing)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The HPM suggests nursing education must also better take into consideration cultural and situational factors that affect health promotion. For example, it is not enough to say merely 'eat better' and suggest eating more low-calorie foods to an overweight patient. A patient's palate (derived from their cultural background), level of income, and daily routine must be taken into consideration when recommending modifications. The exercise routine that is feasible for a patient will depend on socioeconomic factors--does he or she have access to a pricey gym, or only the implements available within his or her tiny apartment in a dangerous neighborhood? Finally, in terms of the theory's implications for nursing research, Pender herself is researching what different situational factors, such as cultural perceptions of gender, environment, and interpersonal factors affect and can positively and negatively influence fitness compliance in different groups, such as adolescent girls."
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Social Constructionism, 2006.
A discussion regarding the definition of psychology as a science.
1,434 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of psychology. Specifically the paper discusses whether psychology is a science and, if so, what kind of science it is. The paper further discusses if psychology should be identified with social constructionism.
From the Paper
"Psychologist and philosopher Hjalmar Sunden is perhaps the "father" of modern social constructionist thought. A biographer of Sunden writes, "To him the human self, also in its religious aspects, is a social self. This truism, which seems to have been forgotten by large segments of 20th-century psychology [...] has come to be known as social constructionism" (Belzen, 1996, p. 182). While Sunden's studies and theories revolved around religion, he used psychology to explain and underline his theories, which evolved essentially into the "role-taking theory." In developing this theory, he developed the seed of social constructionism, "that every perception is determined by the results of social learning. In order to be able to see something through a microscope, you must have learned a great deal, you must be acquainted with theory and know what to look for" (Belzen, 1996, p. 184). This philosophy was radical at first, but as more studied the field, more psychologists and other social scientists began to agree and espouse Sunden's theories. "
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Macbeth and Materialism, 2007.
This paper examines the concept of materialism in works of art, concentrating on William Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'.
1,297 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that in Shakespeare's world, extreme wealth and comfort were enjoyed at their ultimate peak generally only by royalty. The writer relates that people today, like Macbeth in Shakespeare's play, are realizing that material wealth is, after all, not the ultimate pathway towards true happiness. The writer discusses that Macbeth wants the power of being king so badly that he would do anything to fulfill the prophesy, even if it means sinking to levels that are out of his character. The writer concludes that while spirituality takes a different form in the modern-day world than in Shakespeare's time, there is still the separation of pure materialism from the higher, inherently human values.
From the Paper
"True to the prophesy of the above words, Macbeth destroys both his security and power by succumbing to the illusion of security. The appearance of extreme wealth and power blinds him to the true danger around him and to the false promises of the witches. In this way the play acts as a warning for the audience: wealth and power are likely to bring more grief and danger than they are worth. They also destroy any meaningful connection that might exist between the human being and the divine."
"In modern-day works of art, the same warning is issued, although in a more light-hearted, redeeming fashion. Furthermore, material wealth and the divine come closer to each other than in Shakespeare's play, suggesting a new paradigm of wealth and its relationship to divinity. Aristotle's assertion in terms of modern humankind may therefore hold less truth than may have been the case for the average Shakespearean audience."
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Symbolist/Idealist vs. Materialist/Realist Theory, 2007.
This paper examines the key differences between the symbolist/idealist theory and the materialist/realist theory.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discuses the major differences between the symbolist/idealist theory and the materialist/realist theory which help define the theories' foundational characteristics. The writer names several theorists for each theory and notes their contribution to the theory. The paper explains that both theories believe that knowledge is developed through the theory's foundations, however, each theory has a different viewpoint on what that knowledge is derived from. The paper shows how symbolism is based in the more emotional and fluid experience while materialism/realists are proponents of experiences, aside from any emotions that may be created within that experience.
Outline:
Introduction
Materialist/Realist Theory
Symbolist/Idealist
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important difference in the factors between materialist/realist and symbolism/idealist theories is direct experience as it relates to direct knowledge. Experiences are concrete evidences of the external world through the use of the world as it is today. What someone experiences is tangible, definable and explainable therefore gives strength to the materialist/realist theory(http://websyte.com/alan/symbolsm.htm)."
"In the symbolic area of life things including emotions, feelings, induced actions or beliefs are all components of symbolism which are not as tangible or definable as actual experiences can be."
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Organizational Behavior Theory, 2007.
This paper discusses organizational behavior theory and the modern learning organization.
1,997 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that, for years, psychologists have studied how individual human beings make decisions; how men and women process information, pool their ideas and arrive at workable solutions to problems. Further, the writer notes that behavioral psychologists analyze and quantify the full range of cognitive processes. The writer then points out that a corporation ultimately arrives at its decisions in much the same way as an individual, or collection of individuals. In addition, the writer maintains that the successful business is not static in its organization; rather it is a learning organization. The writer concludes that success is based on continued learning and working together.
From the Paper
"Change is the new constant. Old ideas and methods must give way to new challenges if today's businesses are to survive in a global environment. Globalism demands an ability to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances; a talent for understanding different cultures; for working in different legal and regulatory environments. A company must be able to employ the latest technology and the most qualified personnel. A modern learning organization is shaped by its organizational behavioral paradigm."
"The significance of change, and the concomitant importance of adapting to that change, makes the behavioral structure of a successful modern business much like the behavioral mindset of a successful entrepreneur - the main difference being that the first is an organization, while the second is an individual."
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Escapism, 2007.
An exploration of the different facets of escapism.
1,463 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the concept of escapism from a positive outlook. It considers how humans use escapism for creativity and to evolve to higher levels. Escapism is discussed from the perspective of both the individual and society. The paper concludes by citing change as the result of escapism, which is a natural occurrence in a fluid and dynamic world.
From the Paper
"In the same way, we can say that our participation in the culture of capitalism, an economic system based on increase, necessitated the "escape" from haphazard factory environments to more organized, efficient, well-lit environments, where company employees could be more productive, thus creating increased profits for the corporation. The cubicle farm was clearly once the romantic daydream of an inspired capitalist. Fu Tuan said that, "Seeing what is not there lies at the foundation of all human culture" (Tuan 548). Without the desire to escape from our current situation, we would not expand and progress. If it were not for human imagination, we would still be living in caves."
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"The Castle of Otranto" and "Two Cultures", 2007.
A discussion on the two different cultures of science and the humanities using Horace Walpole's novel, "The Castle of Otranto".
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that scientist and novelist C.S. Snowe maintained that, after the Industrial Revolution, the way that human knowledge was classified experienced a catastrophic schism. The paper discusses the divide between science and the humanities. The paper explores how this notion of a divide is evident in the way that modern literary critics frequently interpret 18th century Gothic novels, such as "The Castle of Otranto", by Horace Walpole. The paper concludes that, in Walpole's novel, the past has more impact on the present, affirming the psychological importance of personal history rather than the forces of imminent change and scientific progress.
From the Paper
"The realism that Walpole perceives in his narrative is the morality that the characters struggle with, in attempting to do the 'correct' thing. Finally, at the end of the novel, Manfred realizes his ancestor's crimes and repents: "Thou guiltless but unhappy woman! Unhappy by my crimes!" Manfred says to his first wife Hippolita, "my heart at last is open to thy devout admonitions... what can atone for usurpation and a murdered child? A child murdered in a consecrated place? The characters that submit to fate, rather than try exercise scientific control triumph, affirming Snowe's theory that there was a growing divide between science and human emotion in terms of how the culture perceived these systems of knowledge."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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Natural versus Legal Crimes, 2007.
This paper describes and contrasts natural crimes with legal crimes.
917 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of natural crimes compared to legal crimes. The writer explores the difference between natural and legal crimes, gives examples of both and discusses which crimes are wrong in themselves and which ones are only crimes because they are deemed illegal.
Outline:
Introduction
Natural Crimes
Legal Crimes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In civilized society there are natural crimes and legal crimes. While they are all crimes when held against the state, local or federal statutes they are viewed differently in the eyes of those who are mandated to uphold and obey them. For the purpose of discussion natural crimes are crimes that are morally and ethically wrong and would be wrong regardless of what the law said about them, while legal crimes will be discussed as crimes in which the only obvious rationale for them being deemed illegal is that the government has deemed them as such. "
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The Question of Reality, 2007.
A discussion on reality as perceived in quantum theory, specifically holographic theory.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how beliefs on the nature of reality have a direct impact on what one brings into her experience. The paper explores how what we "see" all around us is an interpretation of what really exists. The writer argues that, from a Christian standpoint, God is perfect. People have to learn to see perfection. The essay discusses quantum theory (specifically holographic theory) and argues the probability that human beings literally create an objective sense of reality.
Outline:
Introduction
New Science
Holographic Theory
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Eventually, he found that the physical senses perform a frequency analysis to construct a sense of solid reality. The "solid" image is a hologram. The brain receives input, which it fits together to form a perception of the world. This discovery led Pribram to question the nature of reality. He asked, which is reality--the objective world we seem to experience--or interference patterns perceived by a holographic brain that converts frequency patterns into three-dimensional images? He concluded that we live in a frequency domain. It doesn't become the "world" until after our senses perform an analysis and construct an image!"
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The Social Contract Theory, 2007.
This paper looks at Rousseau's social contract theory of how society holds together.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Rousseau's writings continue to be relevant today, as social contract theorists see morality as a set of rules. The paper explains that for these theorists, the rules govern how people should treat one another. The paper discusses how the social contract theory lays down the laws that supposedly hold society together, but their foundation is a strong sense of self-interest.
From the Paper
"Like his predecessor Thomas Hobbes, Rousseau believed that the general state of nature was not conducive to the development of a cooperative society. Hobbes believed that people only obey the rule of order due to "fear of death." Hobbes further believed that the Laws of Nature clearly show that life is "nasty, brutish and short." People are constantly engaged in a state of war over scarce resources such as food. Reasonable people will therefore strive to seize what they need, in order to survive. This bleak scenario, according to Hobbes, represented the state of nature, in which humans must somehow survive."
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Spearman and Gardner Intelligence, 2007.
This paper explores models of intelligence by Charles Spearman and by Howard Gardner.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at intelligence as knowledge that allows a person to learn from experience and observation. The writer notes that intelligence also allows humans to adapt to changes in their environment, or to adapt the environment through manipulation and the use of tools. Further, the writer points out that there is much debate, regarding the nature of intelligence and what cognitive functions comprise intelligence. This paper compares and contrasts two prevailing theories of intelligence, proposed by Charles Spearman and by Howard Gardner.
Outline:
Spearman's Model
Multiple Intelligence
Many Forms of Intelligence
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Howard Gardner, a cognitive theorist, pursued this idea further by proposing a theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner devised a criteria of eight intelligences, including linguistic skills, bodily-kinesthetic skills and logical-mathematical skills. According to Gardner, people can have different profiles of intelligence, meaning that they can have challenges in some areas but exhibit strengths in others. Because of these different forms of intelligence, Gardner proposed that people also have distinct learning styles. Thus, a person with strengths in kinesthetic and spatial intelligence will have very different learning styles from people who have strong linguistic and logical-mathematical skills."
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Negotiating, 2007.
This paper studies the act of negotiating, concentrating on creating artistic and financial value in commercial arts negotiations.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that according to the guidebook 'The Manager as Negotiator', the very essence of negotiation is creating and claiming value. The writer explains that every person in a negotiation strives to advance his or her interests and maximize his or her advantages. Further, the writer points out that the goal of the process is ultimately to attempt to bridge the gap, ideally, between two different points of view by creating a more equitable solution that improves upon either party's narrowly advanced interests. The writer concludes that this dilemma between the producers and the musicians highlights the difficulty of negotiation when two parties approach the issue not simply with two distinct interests, but from two different philosophical paradigms of who owns the art that is the essence of both side's livelihood and lives.
From the Paper
"David Lax's and James Sebenius' illustration of this principle is that of bartering. For example, two persons with different material goods, such as bananas and pears, are able to come to an better agreement if they can arrive at a fair price, than they would be had they refused to trade at all, as both will have more variety of foodstuffs in the long run. However, this example can prove difficult when one party attempts to transpose this assumption onto the field of the arts. In business negotiations, finances tend to dominate. No matter how divided the two parties are in terms of how they see an issue, usually the crucial matter involves dollars and cents. Likewise, in a divorce settlement, emotions and the welfare of the children often dominate the proceedings, even though finances are also an issue. Regardless, both parties tend to view the proceeding from the same paradigm - either primarily from a professional or a personal standpoint."
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Meaning of Justice, 2007.
This paper examines the meaning and the connotations of justice.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what exactly justice means and how it applies to a criminal justice professional. The writer explains that justice, as such, refers to a sense of fairness and impartiality, an even-handedness, righteousness, and also objectivity and independence in making up one's opinions. Further, the writer notes that justice is the concept which must predominate when laws are being made, and for a layman, justice would mean that he would be safe and secure in the knowledge that he would be protected adequately by the law, and by the sense of justice that the law must uphold, no matter what. The writer concludes that although justice may have several different connotations, the bottom line is that the criminal has to be punished, and the victim awarded respite and retribution for the crime that he has suffered.
From the Paper
"When one wished to search for the true meaning to justice, one must first decide the method that he wished to use to search for it, because this would provide a rational answer to the problem. The meaning of justice can perhaps be taken therefore, from its use in legal theory, and thereafter, combining it with a concept of ethics. For a criminal justice professional, he would study social control, penal law, criminal procedures, social law, evidence, criminology, victimology, and various other components of the justice system. Each area of study is equally important, and unless all the areas are given equal justice, the professional would not be able to practice law in all fairness. He must be able to implement as many types of justice as are humanly possible in this world, and concentrate on being fair and just in all his judgments of criminal and social behavior."
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