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Global Warming and Crop Production, 2007.
A review of the literature related to global warming and expected decreases in crop production.
3,038 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that as global warming causes the earth's average temperatures to rise, crop production will experience a decrease. The paper discusses how temperature extremes have been shown to dramatically reduce the agricultural productivity potential. The paper relates that technology will play an important part in the production of crops and wealthier countries will be better prepared for technological supports. The paper points out that while there are conflicting reports concerning the specific effects of global warming and climate change, it is clear that farmers must be willing to enter a process that includes ongoing assessment and adaptation to the changes that are occurring.
Outline:
Statement of Topic
Statement of Thesis
Conceptualization
Literature Review
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"One important factor to crop production, and specifically fruit crop production is that failures are likely to occur due to the early growth of these crops in warmer weather resulting in the loss of crops due to cold snaps. This has been noted in the research in the foregoing literature. As well, there are agriculture crops that will initially be more productive however, the literature in the foregoing review has illustrated the likelihood that in the longer run, crops certain crops will be less productive due to higher temperatures."
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Global Warming and Decreased Crops, 2007.
This paper examines the relationship between global warming and decreased crop production.
998 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, as the Earth's average temperature rises, crop production decreases. The paper notes the significance of a decrease in crop production and provides a literature review. The paper shows how, in general, global warming has a negative effect on crop production and the unpredictability of climatic change can also have a negative effect on crop production when farmers are ill-prepared. The paper points out, however, that although many crops will suffer, certain crops such as winter wheat seem to thrive in the global warming models.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Conceptualization
Journal Article Summaries
Summary
From the Paper
"Peng et al. (2004) explore the affect of higher night temperatures, from global warming, on rice production. They evaluated these effects by a direct study on the effects of global warming on crop production, by analyzing weather data at the International Rice Research Institute Farm, from the years 1979 to 2003. They examined temperature trends and how they related to rice yield, by using the data obtained from irrigated field experiments, that were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute Farm. The researchers found that rice production fell 10 percent for each 1o C increase in minimum temperature. However, maximum temperature had an insignificant effect on crop yield. Therefore the researchers concluded that there was direct evidence that rice yields decreased with increased nighttime temperature associated with global warming."
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American Wine, 2007.
This paper explores the economics of the United States' wine industry.
1,984 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the history of the wine industry in the US and the benefits the growing industry provides to the economy. The paper offers statistics on wine consumption in the US and examines which are the wine-producing states. The paper looks at emerging trends that favor the industry and shows how the spread of wine tourism in virtually all states has benefited state and local economies.
From the Paper
"The wine industry in the US began small with most of it accounted for by import until its expansion in California in the early 20th century (Geisler 2006). It was prohibited for a time and then revived in the early 70s and directed by aggressive demands for better quality wine products. Between the 70s and the late 90s, wine consumption went up and down. By 2004, the US Department of Agriculture reported US wine consumption at 2.3 gallons. California has more than 1,800 of wineries in the USA and accounts for 90% of total US wine production."
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Overpopulation, 2007.
An analysis of the solutions for the world's food shortages, due to overpopulation.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of overpopulation. Specifically, it discusses overpopulation and how it is affecting the world's food supply. The paper looks at whether the world will be able to develop enough food sources to feed itself. It gives examples of countries that have increased their food supply, such as China and discusses whether this will be possible in other countries.
From the Paper
"One of the countries most affected by overpopulation is China. They implemented a one child only policy for families in the 1970s to help limit population growth, and have faced great famines throughout their history. The last ended as recently as 1961, as author Vaclav Smil notes, "'The world's greatest famine,' this was an overwhelmingly man-made (Mao-made, to be exact) famine, and by the time it ended in 1961 it left behind about 30 million dead" (Smil 72). Today, China has modernized its food production and farming techniques to a point that they can supply adequate amounts of food to all their residents, and export some foods besides (Smil 80). Hunger is not completely obliterated in China, but they are far ahead of many other overpopulated countries in food production and hunger management, and their food production techniques have made this possible. If China can do it, other countries can build up their food supplies as well, but they may need help from the United States when they implement projects."
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Chemical Fertilizers and Aquatic Life, 2006.
An analysis of the effects of chemical fertilizers on aquatic life.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the effect that chemical fertilizer has on the aquatic life in the water surrounding the areas that have been treated by such fertilizers. The paper provides an overview of water systems and how they function, followed by a discussion of the different types of chemical fertilizers in use today.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The quality of water systems is determined by the degree to which bodies of water are able to support aquatic life while also meeting standards for the protection of human health and the preservation of human life; this level of contamination is determined by establishing baseline standards to measure the periodic relative quality of each individual water system against these original standards (Henning & Mangun 251). Attempts to either maintain or restore the quality of the water in these systems are developed according to the amounts and kinds of material that are emptied into the waterways; the quality of water in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans therefore depends on the capacity of each of these water systems to clean themselves of the various pollutants. According to Henning and Mangun, this ability depends on the types and amounts of the pollutants as well as with water temperatures, rate of water flow, degree of sedimentation, and mineral content (251). The mineral content of pollutants containing chemical fertilizers already account for the lion's share of the nitrogen being released into the world's water systems, but there are other elements involved in modern chemical fertilizers as well, and these are discussed further below."
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United Kingdom Agricultural Processes and Development, 2007.
A discussion on factors influencing the UK's agricultural and tourism industries.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how overall economic growth in the United Kingdom slowed down since the summer of 2000, and fell just below potential, but performed better than other major economies. The paper discusses how the main causes were attributed to global factors. These factors include decreased high-tech demand overseas, weaker exports, non-residential investment, the foot-and-mouth crisis, and poor weather. The paper discusses how this chiefly affected the agriculture and tourism sectors.
From the Paper
" The UK government finally announced to create and embark on an action plan for organic farming with a 4.7% target of farmland by 2007 (The Ecologist 2001). It, however, had to gain the support of private members' bill, which aimed for a 30% conversion rate by the year 2010. Advocates of the Bill claimed that it would promote organic production in the UK, where most organic food was still imported. The campaign acquired the signatures of seven leading British supermarkets in urging for the 30% of UK agricultural land for conversion to become organic by 2010 (Eurofood 2002)."
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The Shelf-Life of Milk, 2007.
An analysis of quality and safety issues concerning milk production.
2,216 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the world's milk production depends on agencies such as the FDA and national cooperation between dairy farms. It also looks at how other suggestions for a comprehensive milk quality improvement system include the investigation of the health status of raw milk, as well as the clear delineation of responsibilities for quality investigation, for activities and processes to improve milk quality. Additionally, the paper examines how processes such as pasteurization have created an extended shelf-life for milk and milk products and how the government could also implement an extension service for milk producers, which would secure the necessary problem areas and would be aimed at obtaining the highest degree of efficiency and synergy.
Outline:
Introduction
Benefits of Milk
Milk Shelf-Life
History of Milk Processing
Milk Safe Handling
Milk-Borne Diseases
Federal Agencies & Milk
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Milk, a natural liquid food, is one of the most nutritionally complete foods, adding high-quality protein, fat, milk, sugar, essential vitamins and minerals to one's diet. Milk contains bacteria that, when improperly handled, may create conditions where the bacteria can multiply. The microorganisms that constitute bacteria can find their way to the hair, udder, and teats of dairy cows and can move up the teat canal. Some of these germs cause an inflammatory disease of the udder called mastitis while others enter the milk without causing any harm to the animal. In addition, organisms can enter the milk supply during the milking process when equipment is used in milking, transporting, and storing the milk is not properly cleaned and sanitized. "
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Ethanol for Fuel, 2007.
An examination of alternative sources for fuel production in the United States.
2,663 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the progress of ethanol as a fuel derived from renewable crops. It particularly focuses on cellulosic ethanol, which can be produced from agricultural, municipal and forestry waste, corn stalks, sawdust and waste paper. The paper discusses all of these options, as well as the viability of being able to produce enough to significantly reduce the United States dependence on foreign oil.
Table of Contents:
History of Ethanol
Current Uses of Ethanol
Arguments For and Against Ethanol as a Major Alternative Fuel
Retooling for Ethanol
Conclusion
From the Paper
"United States would require an "area of energy crops as large as the current area of food crops grown in the United States. Additional land use of this magnitude would be staggering and contentious" (p. 18). According to Haroon S. Kheshgi, an engineer for EXXonMobil Research, nothing will replace petroleum because to run an average U. S. car with corn-derived ethanol for a year would require 14 acres of cropland--about nine times more land than is needed to feed one person the same length of time. Aside from the fact that Kheshgi is invested in the oil industry, this argument, does not consider the use of agricultural waste products as the source or use of the by-products of distilling ethanol. If the land were still used to grow food, and the wastes were used for ethanol, benefits to the environment would be great. Also, if hydrogen power is the ultimate goal, ethanol could be "part of a transition strategy for shifting from today's internal combustion engine technology to tomorrow's hydrogen-based engines" (Issues in Science & Technology, 2002, p. 17)."
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Ohio Soils and Subsoil Clay, 2007.
This paper takes a look at the unusual soil composition found in Ohio from an agricultural perspective.
1,104 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This work researches and examines why many Ohio soils have significantly more clay in the subsoil than in their surface horizons or the soil parent material. The author argues that these changes are due to man's agricultural pursuits in the area. The paper also explores the soil in terms of Ohio's climate and the soil's organic composition.
From the Paper
"Soil organic matter is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients needed in crop production and which is formed during the oxidization and decay processes that occur in the soil. The levels of these nutrients produced by the soil processes is difficult to change. According to the work entitled: " " published in the Agronomy Bulletin: "Historically, when forages were part of the crop rotation, nutrient release and soil tilth increased due to the season-long production of roots. Currently, well fertilized, high-yielding grain crops return large volumes of residue to the soil and are a source of nutrients. On medium-textured soils low in organic matter, crop residues are usually more beneficial when left on the surface than when incorporated. During the growing season this surface residue reduces the formation of soil crusts and results in increased water infiltration and higher crop yields. Crop residue on the surface of fine-textured soils such as silty clay loam or clay loam may delay planting by delaying soil drying." (Ohio Agronomy Guide, 14th Edition; accessed online 2006-04-08)"
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Feeding Cattle, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons of grain-fed versus grass-fed beef cattle.
2,548 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The objective of this work is to explore the aspects of raising beef cattle for 'profit' in the area of the United States that is comprised of Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and other areas of the Southeastern United States. It examines the factors that have the potential to affect costs and profits and ultimately examines the feeding methods through a compare and contrast analysis of 'grain' fed cattle and 'grass' fed cattle in relation to cost, health and profitability.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Changes in the Cattle Business over the Past Two Decades
Challenges and Difficulties in Raising Beef Cattle Herds
Profit And Loss Considerations in Raising Beef Cattle
Grain-Fed versus Grass/Pasture-Fed Beef
Nutritional Differences in Grass- And Grain-Fed Beef
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The cattle business is not a livelihood that can be scheduled on a clock for indeed just as the beef cattleman has decided to head in from the barns and fields it is time for a calf to be born, or a calf has been born and rejected by its' mother requiring bottle-feeding every few hours and around the clock. Other difficulties are illustrated in the fence that the cattle broke at 3:00 a.m. or the sick cow that must be 'put down' in order to keep infection from the rest of the herd. While the cattle business is rewarding and has the potential to be, very profitable it is not a business for those who tend to be lackadaisical or for the faint at heart. "
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Food During The Great Depression, 2006.
A review of the impact that the Great Depression had on the agricultural industry of the USA.
1,033 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the foods that were eaten during the Great Depression. The paper explores the Depression and how it impacted the food market. The paper then explores what types of foods were eaten and how they were rationed during this difficult era.
Outline:
Introduction
What Happened
Impact on Farmers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These drastic reductions in prices caused farmers to become behind in payments and many farms began to go through foreclosure. The farmers fought to stay on the land. In some cases it had to do with the family farm being part of their heritage, while in other cases they knew instinctively if they gave up the farm they would not be able to feed their families. "
"Farmers as a whole did not have the education needed to understand how the Great Depression impacted the market. Government agencies tried to teach farmers to begin growing with a supply and demand mindset. "
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Cotton Gin, 2007.
An analysis of the history and impact of the invention of the cotton gin.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the invention of the cotton gin at the end of the eighteenth century marked the beginning of American industry in many ways, as it adapted a new technology to agriculture and increased the ability of an industry to produce at a saving in cost and time. It looks at how Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 and how the principle he employed would then be used in thousands of cotton gins around the world, at one time preparing over 98 percent of the American crop for market.
From the Paper
"The invention also changed the nature of agriculture thereafter. Only a few farmers raised cotton at the time, and black-seed or long-staple cotton was the only viable cotton crop. While the seeds could be removed from this variety easily, the crop could not be raised profitably beyond the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia or more than fifty miles inside the interior of the coastal plain. In 1793, the farmers in South Carolina and Georgia only raised about three million pounds, and by 1811, southern farmers were producing 80 million pounds. Because of the invention of the cotton gin, cotton culture was able to expand to the West (Hurt 93)."
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The Columbian Exchange, 2007.
An analysis of the roots, purpose and significance of the Columbian Exchange.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Columbian Exchange, an accidental byproduct of the Old World coming together with the New World which provided a forum for the exchange of many things including plants, animals and disease. It further discusses how the Columbian Exchange provided a massive transformation of the world's eco-system which had a significant impact on mankind.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Process Began
The Not so Nice Side of the Exchange
Understanding the Environmental Impact
Significance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The beginning of what is now referred to as the Columbian Exchange arrived during the second voyage to North America by Christopher Columbus and the 1,200 men he brought with him. It was at that time that Europeans arrived on North American soil. This event triggered a massive transformation of the global ecosystem because the arrival of the Europeans sparked the beginning of the two areas of the world sharing and trading flora, fauna and disease(Columbia pp). It was a time in which the Old World met with the New World and neither side was prepared ecologically for the onslaught that the introduction of eco-system elements to the environments would bring. "
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Agroterrorism, 2006.
An in-depth discussion regarding the threat of agroterrorism.
3,430 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
According to this paper, agroterrorism is a particularly dangerous form of terrorism that has the potential to destroy many lives and disrupt economies throughout the world. The paper reviews and discusses the many factors that contribute to the motivations for Agroterrorism. The paper further reviews the possibilities available to protect against the threat posed by agroterrorism including security and additional surveillance.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
-What is Agroterrorism?
-Motivations for Agroterrorism
-Protecting against Agroterrorism
Methodology
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to chalk (2005) Agroterrorism is defined as "the deliberate introduction of a disease agent, either against livestock or into the food chain, for purposes of undermining socioeconomic stability and/or generating fear. Depending on the disease agent and pathogenic vector chosen, Agroterrorism is a tactic that can be used either to cause mass socioeconomic disruption or as a form of direct human aggression (Chalk 2004, vi)." Kohnen (2000) asserts that threat of an agroterrorist event could be contingent upon the following three factors: (1) a terrorist or terrorist group must posses the technical ability to get hold of and deploy the weapon (Kohnen 2000). (2) the terrorist or terrorist group must be attracted to sickening or killing animals or crops as a part of its goal (Kohnen 2000). (3) the terrorist or terrorist group must have the desire to carry out their goal through the use of a Biological Weapon (Kohnen 2000)."
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The AgBiotechnology Industry, 2007.
An analysis of the level of perception of agricultural biotechnology as it relates to the central tenets of the social contract view of society.
5,119 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses if the AgBiotechnology Industry is perceived inside the Social Contract frame or not. The paper also discusses the consideration of the perception of social contract theory and the degree to which is it accepted or otherwise; as well as to what extent this perception can be seen to provide possible solutions to the problematic issues of the AgBiotechnology industry and society.
Table of Contents:
Conclusion
Preamble towards a conclusion
The perception of modern technology
Towards an integrated approach
From the Paper
"Despite the view of trust put forward by theorists like Gauther who views trust as essentially a rational part of the of the contractual agreement, trust can also be seen in terms of the integration of the various other factors, such as reciprocity and exposure to knowledge. Seen from an integrated perspective, trust increases and extends the various components of the Social Contract and increases the potentiality towards a positive perception of AgBiotechnology.
Furthermore, trust also suggests a strong social dimension. It is in this sense that the problematics of perception and the variables related to the perception of new technologies such as AgBiotechnology can be reduced, and a more cohesive and less divisive perception of this technology can possibly be achieved."
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The Historical Importance of Water, 2007.
An examination of early civilizations and their dependence on water sources.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines water's importance in the history of the world, which can be clearly seen in early civilizations and their dependence upon the availability and location of water. The paper explores how early societies structured their city life, agricultural practices, sanitary systems, and even politics around their sources and uses of water. The paper further examines how the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, Hebrews, and the Phoenicians are all examples of "hydraulic" civilizations to varying degrees. The paper concludes that the importance of water can be clearly seen through the locations and achievements of early civilizations.
From the Paper
"An interesting difference between the hydraulic civilizations of India and the hydraulic civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia is the absence of powerful kings and rulers. Whereas the kings and pharaohs of the other societies oversaw the creation of the hydraulic system and forced labor into the construction and maintenance of it, "it is very difficult to square this hypothesis with what is known about the Indus civilization. There is no evidence of kings, slaves, or forced mobilization of labor" (crystalinks)."
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Genetically Modified Food, 2007.
A metadata analysis of the capacity of intensification of agricultural production via genetic engineering to feed a growing population.
16,724 words (approx. 66.9 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the assumption that the gene revolution--represented by the integration of genetic engineering techniques into the field of agriculture--is capable of positively affecting the current human population crisis. The study examines this very ideological assumption that has not largely been challenged in the popular or critical literature on the subject. It then attacks that assumption and illustrates its erroneous base.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Introduction and Statement of Problem
1.1 Statement of Problem
1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Importance of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Rationale of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Scope of the Literature Review
2.2 Intensification of Production is Favourable
2.3 Intensification of Production is Unfavourable
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Database of Study
3.4 Validity of Study
3.5 Originality and Limitations
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In order to fully examine that relationship, it was necessary to critically examine literature, statistics, and historical examples that might shed some light on the relationship that exist between food production and population growth. Additionally, studies were consulted that spoke to the capacity for genetically modified foods to increase agricultural production. In all, the range of information required for this study was significant and at times may have appeared to stray beyond the limited scope of genetically modified food. However, in order to demonstrate the manner by which genetically modified food would have its greatest negative impact upon human societies, it was essential to take a broader look at the role that genetically modified foods have played in the intense push to intensify agricultural production year after year in order to presumably keep up with geometric population growth by always generating more food than is needed."
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Precision Agriculture, 2006.
This paper discusses why precision agriculture is beneficial to farmers.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper describes precision agriculture. The author feels that precision agriculture may be the greatest development since the agricultural revolution. The paper then discusses how precision agriculture became possible and the technologies behind it. The author concludes that precision agriculture enables small farmers to survive in a market dominated by huge corporate farms.
From the Paper
"Precision agriculture became possible through the development of Global positioning systems technology and as such technology has increased in accuracy and decreased in cost, as technology tends to do there has been a far-reaching effect. Though the price tag may still seem high the promise of precision agriculture far outweighs the initial output. "Normal civilian GPS receivers have a precision of about 100 yards. A system called differential GPS, which requires a local base station, can provide meter-level accuracy. At these accuracy levels, the technology has found widespread use in the nation's farmland, as part of a movement called precision agriculture. ("Satellite System Can Control")"
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A Country Study of Qatar Today, 2006.
A detailed study of the economy and population of Qatar.
3,851 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a detailed breakdown of Qatar's history and current demography. The paper includes details of the country's political and legal system. The paper further examines Qatar's economy and how it has been impacted by global events. The writer also examines Qatar's business relationships with the international community and how Qatar's gender bias effects this.
Table of Contents:
Page
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"According to Tom Owen, the years since Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani assumed this leadership role have been good ones; during his tenure, Qatar emerged from relative obscurity to play an increasingly important role in the Persian Gulf region (Owen, 2000). The new emir has committed to easing press censorship and pushing for more transparency of government procedures, and he has made major progress in both of these areas; however while such pluralistic initiatives have pleased Qataris, these same initiatives have caused Qatar's neighbors some major concerns (Owen, 2000)."
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