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Justice and Religious Traditions, 2007.
This paper discusses how organized religion is not the steward of justice for all, but it does offer inspiration.
1,653 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to writings by Khaled Abou El Fadl, Rene Trujillo and Martin Luther King Jr., which refer to concepts of justice that connect to religious traditions. The paper shows how in the 21st century, organized religions cannot be hoped to produce a steward of justice for all. The paper explains, however, that religious traditions and concepts can inspire attempts to discuss what a government should be, what laws are meant to put in place, what they should seek to avoid and how they can be viewed differently across different cultures.
Outline:
Introduction
Islam and Democracy
Rene Trujillo - Human Rights & the 'Age of Discovery'
Martin Luther King, Jr. - Letter from Birmingham Jail
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"Khaled About El Fadl writes like an ambassador between Muslim history and tradition addressing justice and a contemporary world that needs to understand more of this 'foreign' tradition. (2004) His chapter opens by describing how, centuries ago, a Muslim jurist would point out that there were three kinds of political systems in the natural or primitive state of nature, a place of anarchy and the abuse of power. A second system would involve custom by which tribal elders told what should be upheld or obeyed as would work as long as an elder had sufficient power, or a prince or king who might direct others by decree. A third development has been the caliphate of Shari'ah law, a body of Muslim religious law based on the Qur'an and the example of the Prophet. (2004: 130-131) A conservative Muslim jurist of today may still argue that Shari'ah fulfills all criteria of justice and legitimacy, laying out the duties of governors and the governed, the law taking the lead ahead of the arbitrary authority of one human being over another. (2004: 131)"
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Accountability In Health Care, 2007.
An analysis of the pros and cons of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA).
898 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on how the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) has affected health care organizations and their patients both pre- and post-legislation. It also describes the pros and cons of the legislation. Following this brief discussion, the paper presents strategies for fully incorporating the newer electronic security accountability requirements into a functional state.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, while HIPPA may have brought privacy issues relating to personally identifiable health care information, it also served to create a number of administrative concerns that keep changing as technology continues to increase. Questions arise, such as "How compliance requirements change will based on satellite communication, such as doctors or administrators using wireless networks, Blackberry's or cell-phones to transmit data?" Compliance with accountability requires a strategic approach that must acknowledge the requirement for flexibility and adaptability as laws and compliance mandates change."
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Child Exploitation, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of child exploitation and abuse.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper defines child exploitation as any active mistreatment or intentional neglect of a child that results in harm or injury and which cannot be reasonably explained as inadvertent. The paper maintains that more needs to be done by governments, law enforcement agencies, social workers and the general public if child exploitation is to be reduced and ultimately eliminated.
From the Paper
"Child exploitation is a form of abuse generally defined as any active mistreatment or intentional neglect of a child that results in harm or injury, and which cannot be reasonably explained as inadvertent. Child exploitation primarily involves overt abuse such as physical harm or maltreatment related to sexual abuse or labor exploitation, and inevitably inflicts severe emotional and psychological damage, as well as physical suffering."
"Drew Oosterbaan, the head of the United States Justice Department's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section, warns "that children are in more danger than ever before from child exploitation. We see child pornography escalating, not just in terms of numbers, not just in the amount or frequency of distribution of child pornography we see, but most especially in the nature of the child pornography we see," (Bansal) which is increasingly featuring pornographic Internet images of children being violently raped and abused."
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Domestic Violence, 2007.
A case study on domestic violence.
723 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly looks at some of the statistics concerning domestic violence and then presents a brief case profile of an abuse victim, followed by a recommended treatment and safety plan her.
Outline:
Case Presentation
Treatment Plan
Safety Plan
From the Paper
"One of the issues facing this counselor is that Ms. X still considers her abuser her boyfriend and is ambivalent about breaking up with him, stating that she loves him and knows deep down that he really loves her, that he always apologizes after he beats her and that she knows she can change him. As this is a classic scenario of most victims of domestic violence, it is hoped that after spending several days at the safe house, which Ms. X stated she would do until she was able to return to work when her wounds healed sufficiently, that she will realize her life is really in danger should she allow the abusive relationship to continue. "
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Pornography, 2007.
An analysis of possible solutions to the negative effects of pornography on society.
814 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of pornography on society and discusses whether pornography should be banned. It argues that pornography should not be banned, however, it should be closely monitored and restricted. It also discusses the possible benefits to society, women and workers within the adult film industry, of introducing these measures.
From the Paper
"Finally, pornography is something which must be - at the very least - closely monitored inasmuch as it reverses the long-standing efforts of feminists to gain for women a measure of dignity and respect - dignity and respect, it need hardly be said, which will see them valued for things other than their physical appearance. In her discussion of the matter, Susan Brownmiller writes that pornography - presumably of the magazine variety - portrays women as commodities, like "cuts of meat" at the local supermarket. Obviously, in light of women's steady march towards academic ascendancy in American universities, this image is as untrue as it is unflattering and it harms millions of American women who are told to see themselves as a "cut of meat"."
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Modern Police Organizations, 2007.
An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of modern police organizations.
2,048 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the effectiveness of modern police organizations in the United States. It discusses improved minority and female representation within departments and the advantages that this has brought. It also describes the role of improved technology in law enforcement. The paper then describes the effects of weaknesses such as corruption and misconduct, how it affects police departments and what can be done to prevent corruption.
From the Paper
"This subculture is understandable to a certain extent, but misconduct cannot be tolerated. Law enforcers cannot be permitted to break the law in order to enforce it. Tyranny awaits us all down that road. The troubling problem of police misconduct and corruption will never be completely solved, just as the police will never be able to solve crime problems in our society. One important step in the right direction, however, is more effective monitoring and control of the police by municipal governments. This will serve to reduce and deter police misconduct and corruption by minimizing the influence of the police subculture."
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Federal Judges' Salaries, 2007.
This paper examines the federal judicial salary crisis.
725 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the salaries of federal judges are dependent on the salaries of Congress. The paper relates that Congress has been unwilling to "award itself" standard salary increases over the past few decades because of public discontent with the government. The paper relates that Justices are resigning their positions since salaries for private sector lawyers are steadily increasing.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Justice Views
Federal Judge Resignations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The judicial branch of the federal government has been concerned with issues related to the salaries of judges for a number of years. The salaries of federal judges are connected by law to the "salaries of members of Congress" ("Federal Judicial", 2001). However, Congress has been unwilling to "award itself" standard salary increases over the past few decades because of public discontent with government ("Federal Judicial", 2001). Although Chief Justice Rehnquist, and his successor, Chief Justice Roberts have attempted to bring the issue to the public, their voices have created no change in the salaries of the federal judiciary. Until Congress is prepared to either alter the laws attaching judicial salaries to its body, or vote in normal cost of living increases for itself there does not appear to be an answer to this issue in the near future."
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Employment Rights, 2007.
This paper discusses employment rights and examines the concept of the at-will contract.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at Richard Epstein's defence of the at-will contract. The writer maintains that Epstein is a tactician in terms of his presentation and argumentation but in terms of substance he relies almost completely on smoke and mirrors to support a virtually unsupportable position. The writer argues that at-will employment environments offer very little real incentive for employees to vest fully in their positions because underwriting their entire existence in the at-will workplace, is the implicit threat of sudden job loss. The writer points out that, what first seems brilliant in Epstein's position on at-will contracts, being roughly equitable to the freedom of speech, at his conclusion, suddenly seems shallow and superficial. The writer then notes that for their part, Patricia Werhane and Tara Radin remain if not brilliant then consistent and empathetic to the employer who, in private companies, is subject to sudden job loss without due process and little recourse. They recognize that, irrespective of what Epstein would have the reader believe, at-will contracts are meaningless constructs that do nothing but free employers from any moral or ethical consideration of the employee.
From the Paper
"However, the at-will contract is a sort of contract in negative where the only obligation is for the employee to show up to work every day at risk of job loss and the long-term negative effect that job loss will have on the employee's successive career. For the employer, there is no substantial financial threat, generally speaking, should an employee leave and certainly the employer does not risk long-term negative consequences due to an employee's departure. The employer merely hires another employee to fulfil that functional role within the company. The employee, on the other had, is often under economic constraints that make such a job loss or employment change catastrophic. At-will contracts are contracts in name only with the only benefit being the employer who is under no obligation to continue to provide employment from one minute to the next. In fact, for Epstein, his argument concludes on a blame the victim note where although some abuse of at-will contracts may exist, it does nothing to undermine the overall perfection of the system .. "
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Restorative Justice, 2007.
This paper discusses healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles in regard to restorative justice in Canada.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Canada is a unique society, in that the modern nation was created out of the conquest of the original inhabitants of the land - the Aboriginals. The writer maintains that it is possible to argue that this unique circumstance of our origins predicates a different approach to justice - at least with regards to the subjugated people. One suggested approach has been the use of restorative justice, as an alternative model to retributive justice. In this specific context, this would require the use of traditional Aboriginal restorative justice practices, including healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles. This paper introduces this topic with a broad overview of the key issues; describes healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles; evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these circles; analyzes the implications for our current retributive system; and concludes with a critical analysis and general conclusions.
From the Paper
"All of this is clearly evident from the fact that the Aboriginal population is so over-represented in our prison systems. While Aboriginals comprise less than 2% of the Canadian population, they account for almost 10% of the population of federal incarceration facilities, and much greater percentages of the territorial and provincial institutions. It has also been noted that for Aboriginal sub-groups, such as youth and women, the percentages may be even more disproportionate. In an holistic sense, it would be wonderful to have a justice system that not only coped with the immediate problem of how we as a society deal with criminal offenders, but also contributed in a much more holistic sense to the greater good of our society as a whole."
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Canada and Prostitution, 2007.
An analysis of the laws in Canada regarding prostitution and sex-trade workers.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the laws in Canada vis-a-vis prostitution and discusses whether or not these laws serve to shield sex trade workers from abuse and exploitation. It also discusses to whom prostitutes can turn if they require assistance. The paper then explores the options which might reduce pimping - or at least control it appreciably.
From the Paper
"Be that as it may, there are people and institutions to whom sex trade workers in Canada can turn even if the nature of their work compels them to work in shadowy locations with perfect strangers. For one thing, organizations like the Pivot Legal Society (located in Vancouver, British Columbia) exist to advance the interests and concerns of sex trade workers (Pivot Legal Society, 2006). There is also a down-town drop-in shelter for sex trade workers in Vancouver - a city which has long had a serious prostitution problem - that receives generous contributions from private business if not from local, provincial and federal governments (Spirit of Vancouver, 2003). Although information is surprisingly scant, one can surmise that similar shelters exist in other large Canadian metropolitan centers with prostitution problems - such as Toronto and Montreal. In any event, police services throughout Canada have not had a historically strong reputation for treating the concerns of prostitutes well - a situation which has necessarily led to the under-reporting of violent assaults against sex trade workers."
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The Bill of Rights: An Overview, 2007.
This paper discusses The Bill of Rights as an absolute guarantee of civil liberties for US citizens- with some important exceptions.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that most Americans know of the Bill of Rights, but they do not know what the individual amendments provide and how they affect them personally. The writer notes that perhaps a majority of Americans today know about the First, Second and Fifth Amendments because of the well publicized basic protections afforded for free speech by the First Amendment, and the constant headlines concerning gun control issues and the Second Amendment. The writer discusses the importance these fundamental liberties hold for citizens and looks at how they came about in the first place. The writer concludes that it is important for everyone to know what protections are afforded them by the Bill of Rights to ensure that their rights are not being stepped on by overly zealous and officious school authorities who seek to sacrifice individual liberty for collective security.
From the Paper
"Prior to the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 (which contains the due process and equal protection clauses, among others), though, the Bill of Rights did not outweigh individual state laws, but the civil liberty guarantees of the Bill of Rights now supposed to apply across the board for all American citizens. While the First Amendment is therefore supposed to apply equally to minors, the fact remains that under the status quo, students are "less equal" than their adult counterparts. For example, the freedom of speech protections that are provided by the First Amendment apply to schools and a number of recent censorship cases have involved school newspapers or school libraries. As Kaminer points out, though, students occupy a unique niche in American society when it comes to the First Amendment .. "
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International Patent Law, 2007.
An examination and comparison of articles relating to international patent law.
8,276 words (approx. 33.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 176.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates, analyzes and compares articles regarding the existing obligations or provisions regarding international patent law. It examines those provisions that fall under the Paris Convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Berne Convention and the Rome Convention. It also looks at the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention, the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Implementation Of The Trips Agreement
National And Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
Patent Right Exhaustion: Doha Declaration (Analysis Of Article 6)
TRIPS And Article 7 (Technological Promotion And Public Protection) Health Analysis
General Enforcement Obligations: Analysis Of Article 41
Fair And Equitable Procedures Article 42
Evidence (Article 43)
Article 45: Damages - Comparison and Analysis Related to IP Where Applicable
From the Paper
"The guides existing to allow action that is effective in prevention of infringement state the "the requirement procedures permit 'effective action' speaks to all possible remedies, including civil, administrative and criminal procedures, as well as border measures, customs, tax and communication procedures." Copyright law in countries of optical media product export has proved ineffective in terms of media licensing and "countries have adopted optical media licensing regimes." TRIPS has as an obligation the provision of "effective actions" of infringement upon rights under this Article. It is held that Article 41 when combined with 61 (assumed to be understood as subsumed within the requirements of Article 41" make it a further requirement o countries to make the provision of any remedies "available" and not limited to those that are only within the law. Article 61 obliges countries to make the provision of criminal procedures and penalties "at least in cases of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright privacy.""
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Sexual Abusers and their Victims, 2007.
This paper discusses sexual abusers and their victims, looking at different cases.
3,158 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses different occurrences of the sexual abuse of children. Looking at different cases and interviews on film, the writer analyzes the behavior of various abusers. The writer maintains that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies and describes mental disorders, pedophilia is a behavior that is associated with loners and low self-esteem. The writer concludes that these people are not from some other planet, but that society has produced them. The writer argues that now society must learn to deal with such abusers in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper
"In the film 'Monsters Among Us', two incarcerated sex offenders are interviewed and they talk about their own childhoods and their difficult-to-control sexual impulses. Westley Dodd and Joel, for example, developed pedophile disorders early during the teenage years. Joel described being beaten by his stepfather on a regular basis. Physically abused boys often grow up to be aggressive, particularly toward women. Hurting women is a way to control them. Boys who are physically and sexually abused may grow up to be sadistic pedophiles like Joel. Joel's appointed psychologist said he is likely to commit predatory sex offences in the future. Imprisonment is not going to solve his problem. Those sex offenders who get out of jail say that the urge to rape is still with them and still difficult to control."
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Gun Control, 2007.
This paper reviews the history and theories behind the restriction of gun sales to minorities and poor people.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, over the years, even though the approach might be slightly different and more subtle, especially in the southern states, there has been very little change in the overall outlook of the American bias toward the ownership of guns by the minorities and poor. The author points out that, even though gun control laws have restricted gun ownership to people who can afford a decent life-style, these laws have had no effect on decreasing crime and disallow poor citizens from protecting themselves with the use of a firearm when facing a criminal situation. The paper concludes by arguing that, because poor people most often live in high crime rates areas or areas where there is very little law protection, to gain a sense of personal security, the laws must be changed and markets must sell low-priced legal firearms.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Gun Control and the Poor
From the Paper
"Even though, the blacks had to face the brunt of the gun control and restriction laws; however, they were not the only recipients. Certain white people who did not fit the bill of the Americans also faced numerous laws where they were treated less worthy for the ownership of guns. A good example of this could be the Sullivan law passed in 1911 where the focus shifted to the Italian immigrants, astonishingly, within the first three year of the implementation of the Sullivan law, 70% of the total people arrested had Italian names and surnames. Even the media was very openly not supportive of the guns being issued to the Italian immigrants; the disapproval was posted both in the "New York Tribune" as well as the "New York Times"."
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Separation of Church and State, 2007.
This paper discusses the reason behind the separation of church and state and how it applies today.
1,124 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that by the state refraining from influencing the church, the moral principles of the people will be upheld. The paper examines the views of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington on the separation of church from state. The paper notes that the Founding Fathers did not mean for individuals within the ranks of state government to remain neutral, but instead intended that the national government should not enforce mandatory compliance to any religious belief or form of worship.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Jefferson's 'Wall of Separation'
Separation of Church and State in the View of George Washington
Tolerance is the Call-word for Government in Religious Matters
Gross Violation of the Tolerance Principle
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Daniel L. Dreisbach entitled: "Origins and Dangers of the 'Wall of Separation' between Church and State" states that: "No metaphor in American letters has had a greater influence and law and policy than Thomas Jefferson's 'wall of separation between church and state." (2006) Furthermore, this figurative language has been affirmed by member of the judiciary evidenced in the assertion of U.S. Supreme Court Hugo L. Black in 1948 who writes that there was agreement among the justices that: "...the First Amendment's language, properly interpreted had erected a wall of separation between the Church and the State.""
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Medicare Part D, 2007.
This paper studies the US Medicare Part D program that provides insurance coverage for prescription drugs.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few decades, the reduction of available Medicare funds in the US has emerged as a significant concern for taxpayers, elderly individuals, and government agencies alike. The writer points out that as a result, Medicare has often been a target for reformers in the past few years; however, as the aging population increases, so does a greater sense of urgency. In response to this growing crisis, the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 created a new and complex universal prescription drug entitlement, called Medicare Part D. This paper analyzes the basic contents of the Medicare Part D legislation, including the role of private groups and the implications of the drug subsidy for the nursing practice.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview and Content of the Legislation
The Role of Private Groups in the Drug Subsidy
Nursing Implications of Medicare Part D
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The benefits of Catastrophic Coverage vary depending on income levels, and extra-help programs are available based on financial need. Medicare Part D has been considered a complex plan for seniors as a result of the manner in which it works and the gap in coverage. This is complex for seniors because research indicates that the majority of needed prescription drugs by seniors fall into the gap in coverage bracket. Therefore, the major criticism of the drug subsidy is that it only truly assist seniors that either do not need very many prescription drugs, or those that are considered catastrophic coverage insured's. As a result, the bulk of this population is left to deal with paying out-of-pocket expenses for prescription drugs. Additionally, the plan is complex for seniors because the true cost of the drug entitlement expansion is unknown, and estimates could be understating the real cost."
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Bankruptcy Fraud, 2007.
An analysis of the problems associated with bankruptcy fraud and recommendations of solutions.
4,102 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems involved with bankruptcy fraud, at the filing level and at the court trustee level. It then offers two solutions to these problems. The paper also includes a brief overview of how different countries deal with the issues involving personal debt and bankruptcy. Finally, the paper concludes with an ethical and reasonable recommendation based on an evaluation of the relevant research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview of the Bankruptcy System and Attempts to Solve its Problems through Reforms
Federal Agencies
Solutions to Bankruptcy Fraud
Bankruptcy in Other Countries
Conclusion and Ethical Recommendations
From the Paper
"As an additional means of ensuring less fraud in the bankruptcy system, before hiring investigators and court trustees, these individuals should be subjected to thorough background checks before employment. In addition, the hiring personnel can verify that employers are validating information such as qualifications and work experience stated on resumes, as well as checking references. By hiring appropriately qualified employees, the criminal justice system and the bankruptcy courts will have taken one important step toward eliminating fraudulent and unethical financial filing practices. By implementing all of these recommendations, the future of the bankruptcy system and courts in the United States appears bright and will no doubt fall prey to another cycle of fraudulent bankruptcy filings."
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Sexual Harassment, 2007.
An analysis of legislation associated with the prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace and institutions of education.
1,981 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This discussion investigates the laws associated with sexual harassment in the workplace and institutions of education. It describes the legislation that is in place to prohibit sexual harassment in the workplace and to punish those who engage in such harassment despite the fact that it is prohibited. It also discusses the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Laws Associated With Sexual Harassment
Prevalence
The Impact of Sexual Harassment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research as it relates to the impact of sexual harassment seems to assert that victims are often afraid to report harassment because the severity of sexual harassment has been minimalized within society and the organization. The author also points out that sexual harassment can trigger other memories of abuse and have a deep psychological effect on the victim. In addition the research indicates that victims are often forced to interact with victimizers and work in an environment that is hostile. The impact of sexual harassment can also be seen in whether or not victims choose to report the crime or not. Overall it is evident that victims of sexual harassment endure a great deal as a result of the harassment and the processes that may follow the reporting of such harassment."
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Child Abuse and Adult Criminal Behavior, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between child abuse and neglect, juvenile delinquency and adult violent criminal behavior.
10,990 words (approx. 44.0 pages), 84 sources, MLA, $ 217.95
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Abstract
The focus of this research review is the relationship that exists between child abuse and neglect and juvenile delinquency and adult violence or criminality. This work reviews relevant, reliable, and peer-reviewed literature in this subject area and states findings about prevention methods that target early identification and intervention of those who are predisposed to juvenile or adult violence or criminality due to childhood abuse. The review of literature reveals that a community-based effort that is collaborative in nature and that integrates the many levels of the community into a dynamic process of intervention and prevention is one most likely to succeed. Recommendations of this study include the recommendation that further and deeper research effort be applied toward the establishment of a knowledge base that has the potential to contribute to development of appropriate treatment and interventions. This work makes recommendations for a restructuring of the community-based service provisions for families with domestic violence and child abuse issues. This program implementation would be on a community-wide basis with the central heart of the operation being a community transition and transformation services home center that worked in a close and collaborative relationship with all other service agencies in the community in bringing about a community-based transformation in the lives of families and individuals throughout the community.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Findings of the Study
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper
"The woman who has been beaten may withdraw from the family, which often results in child neglect, and the stress associated with domestic violence may cause women who are at risk for violence to resort to violence. It is also held by researchers that some abused women, in an effort to protect them from the batterer punish the children too harshly. Children who have not experienced physical abuse may still become traumatized over having witnessed domestic violence. Furthermore, children often imitate the behavior they observe and victimize other children while alternatively they may adopt the role of the victim and become withdrawn. Finally the child witnessing domestic abuse or being abused, neglected or victimized may developmentally fail to acquire the ability to control their temper or expression themselves emotionally."
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