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The Black Arts Movement, 2008.
Explores today's black arts movement, which includes music, stage, film, television, literature and the visual arts.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the black arts movement is an extension of the Harlem renaissance period. The author points out the contributions of black persons to different genres or mediums of the arts in an overall social context. The author also stresses the impact of the black arts movement on all artists, regardless of color, and to the general culture to the extent that today the lines between white and black performers has been successfully blended.
From the Paper
"It was a well known fact that, by the time many young black men reached their early twenties, they had been arrested or came of age during incarceration. Rap reflected this, not just in the music, but in the music labels that were born to promote the industry: Death Row Records; Jive Records, Def Jam; Quannum Projects. All depicted labels that told the contemporary black story, and it wasn't a pretty a story. Black community, who had supported and marched with the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., finally began speaking out against the violence message in rap aimed towards black women."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2008.
Looks at the grandmother as the linchpin of the African-American family.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for many generations, African-American grandmothers not only have contributed economically to the family but have been the social fixture through which her family and community maintain their cohesiveness. The author relates that, in recent years, a growing number of African-American grandmothers have become "new parents again" by taking on the sole parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. The paper explores the reasons behind this trend, the historic role of the African-American grandmothers and some of the physical, mental and emotional effects of this next generation parenting role.
From the Paper
"However, African-American grandmothers as caregivers are no new phenomenon. Jiminez (2002) did a study in which she examined primary sources such as the testimonies of elderly African-American women who had been slaves. She used their stories, oral histories, biographies, and autobiographies as well as manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940. She discovered certain commonalties between the historical development of African-American grandmothers during slavery and their experience from the second half of the 19th century until today."
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Trans-Racial Adoption, 2008.
This paper researches the effects of trans-racial adoption on African-American children.
3,044 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the literature that shows how trans-racial adopted children develop more racially related adjustment problems, but that also shows how trans-racial adoption does not prevent or damage the children's self-esteem, relationships or school performance. The paper concludes that trans-racial adoption has been beneficial to some and not beneficial to others. The paper calls for a prompt and appropriate solution to the increasing demand for placement of African American children in need of adoption.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results and Discussion
From the Paper
"Trans-racial adoption has been defined as the practice of adopting children from a different race group (Newman 2002). The demand for more loving and skilled homes to provide homes for continuously increasing numbers of orphans, especially African-American children, has troubled policy makers to look for the best solution. The current problems prevent the biological families from caring for these children.
"Many African-American children in trans-racial adoption have been found to suffer from racial identify problems (Neal 2996, Briggs 2005). Other surveys found that these adoptees were generally well-adjusted, developed positive self-esteem and avoided discussing racial issues (Johnson 2003, Newman and Smith 2002)."
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African-American Culture, 2008.
A descriptive perception of African-American culture and its relationship to American society.
1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses African-American culture and states that race is about a social construct rather than being biological, since society has a different set of rules for each racial group. Furthermore, the paper states that there is no alternative conceptualization of race that it would advocate, because it is a social construct. This is due to the fact that society has defined what is expected of each racial group, a factor that has nothing to do with biological aspects of being white or black . The paper concludes that despite the struggles, African Americans have contributed to the foundations of American events through culture and music.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights
Music
Conclusion
From the Paper
"African Americans are settled in the United States, however some do not receive the same education and treatment as white students due to the fact that they are viewed as a minority race Furthermore, because of their lack culture acknowledgement from teachers, sometimes African American students require educational intervention, which is actually lacking knowledge in their culture even though they have settled in the United States for hundreds of years. "The bar graphs below illustrate the divergent fortunes of America's minorities in terms of living in the best neighborhoods. Asian-American are over-represented (compared to their percentage of all Americans) in every category... particularly in wealthy urban neighborhoods. African-Americans are much less likely to be found in either central cities or suburbia. Hispanics have penetrated the nations best neighborhoods more broadly and deeply than Blacks, but are still woefully under represented in America's landscapes of wealth" (A Racial Summary: Great Info & Bar Graphs). Even though African Americans are still considered a minority group, they have made a historical reputation through culture and music."
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Nat Turner's Slave Rebellion, 2008.
This paper reviews the book "The Fire of Jubilee: Nat Turner's Fierce Rebellion" by Stephen B. Oates.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Nat Turner lead the largest and one of the most successful slave rebellions in American history in 1831, long before the American Civil War took place. However, the writer points out that most of the other facts about Turner's life remain elusive in the eyes of writers and historians alike. The writer discusses that to flesh out the myths and legends surrounding Turner's complicated theology, rebellion, and psychology, 19th century American historian Stephen Oates attempts to provide a speculative history as to the context of the plantation life in which Turner was reared as a slave. The writer looks at how Turner came to view himself as a prophetic figure and lead the fierce rebellion of the title. The writer notes that Oates suggests that Turner was both an extraordinary figure, a man whose rebellion changed the South, but also an ordinary man, who showed amazing courage, intelligence, and brutality in the face of history.
From the Paper
"In his book, Oates portrays slavery and the slave community as a totally enclosing institution, with heavy white control upon slave mobility, intellectually and geographically. This partially explains why more blacks did not rebel with Turner, he surmises. He also examines the empowering nature of slave religion, which originated as an instrument of white control upon slaves, but which also acted as a tool of empowerment for some slaves like Turner, who believed that his visions gave him prophetic status and the right to free his people. Religion and Christianity was a double-edged sword for slaves, preaching meekness when transmitted in the voices of slave-owners, but also a gospel of judgment, where the mighty would be brought low by the oppressed, in the name of justice."
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The Evolution of Slavery, 2008.
An analysis of the evolution of slavery during the period of the Reconstruction after the Civil War.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of slavery in the United States. Specifically, the paper describes and explains the evolution of slavery in the country, especially during Reconstruction after the Civil War.
From the Paper
"Just before the Civil War, slaves began to fight for their freedom in rebellions such and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, that killed many whites, and people in the South began to openly fear the slaves, and they attempted to create more controls for them. "This near hysteria was accompanied by a crackdown on slaves and free blacks, backed by new laws and imposed by state and local authorities, as well as by a resurgence of vigilante activity" (Parish 150). This led to more distrust between blacks and whites, and even more mistrust in their relationships. Whites clearly had the power, and used it to make sure slaves were completely under their control. Slave marriages were not legal, families could be separated at a moment's notice, and often slaveowners were extremely violent with their slaves, beating them and even killing them for the slightest infraction. The relationship between blacks and whites had deteriorated into a relationship based on power and racism, and this would continue even after the Civil War ended and Reconstruction began."
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African-Americans and Criminal Justice, 2008.
This paper addresses the racial disparities in the criminal justice system.
1,210 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the ideas of Tonry in "Malign Neglect" where the author addresses the disproportionate number of African Americans in the criminal justice system and maintains that this is due to social biases and preconceived notions as well as disproportionate limitations on the ability of minorities to defend themselves in a money driven legal justice system. The paper looks at Tonry's suggested solutions that tackle the nature of racial disparities.
From the Paper
"Tonry in Malign Neglect (1996) explains that the disproportionate number of African Americans in the criminal justice system can in part be blamed on disproportionate applications of sentencing, incarceration and parole, not in the disproportionate development of criminality of minorities. Tonry believes that the war on drugs with all its demonstrative judicial changes is largely to blame as such changes along with the application of tougher sentencing and reduced utilization of parole for minorities based on a along held bias regarding criminality in the population create a disparity that is alarming to say the least. "
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Author James Baldwin, 2008.
Looks at themes in the writings of African-American writer James Baldwin.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the works of the African-American literary giant James Baldwin on such issues as racism, preference and civil rights. The author points out that, in spite of the racism that existed and still exists in U.S., African Americans, such as Baldwin, have created some of the most profound artistic works. The paper stresses that James Baldwin, along with many other artists including Nina Simone, Maya Angelou and Harry Belafonte, participated in the civil rights movement by marching and lending their talents.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Racism and Sexual Preference Discrimination
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Examples of these themes can be found in such works as "Go Tell It on the Mountain", Baldwin's first novel. This novel explores the life of John Griddle and his family living in poverty in Harlem. Although this novel is not complete autobiographical a great deal of it mirrors Baldwin's own life. The book was published in 1953 when Baldwin was nearly thirty years old. It is obvious that the book is a reflection of Baldwin life growing up in a predominately black community. On of the central themes of the novel is the role of the Black church in the African American community."
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Oprah's Impact on Mass Media, 2008.
A discussion of Oprah Winfrey, the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the many accomplishments of Oprah Winfrey that include being a billionaire, an Oscar-nominated actress, a Broadway producer, one who changed the face of daytime television and has brought giving to reality television competitions. The paper shows how Oprah's multi-media success is unprecedented and the fact that she is female and an African-American only make her success more remarkable.
From the Paper
"Whether one is a supporter or a detractor of Oprah Winfrey, it is difficult to ignore the fact that she has had a tremendous impact on the mass media in the United States. She is probably the most-recognized television personality, and is certainly the most recognized African-American celebrity in American history. She is a billionaire, the head of media conglomerate, in addition to being an Oscar-nominated actress, "activist, magazine editor, producer, book club sponsor, and radio host." (People). Oprah's success changed the face of daytime television, transforming the talk show format into a forum for serious discussions, both on her own show and with her creation of the Dr. Phil show."
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Hurricane Katrina and Race, 2008.
An analysis of the evidence of white privilege and racism in the United States in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
6,439 words (approx. 25.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon of white privilege in the United States. It describes how it was never more apparent than in the calamity of Hurricane Katrina. The paper discusses the effects of this privilege and racism and describes the ways that it became evident following the national disaster of Hurricane Katrina. The paper questions whether any changes will occur to rectify the problems.
From the Paper
"The effect of White Privilege is the creation of system justifications (Napier 61), and it was never more apparent than in the calamity of Katrina. The effect of this was the construction of victim blaming justifications by the authorities in charge when combating the disparity in response to the needs of those of color. The system appeared to come out smelling like roses; it was only certain individuals that could be blamed for any prejudicial treatment. And the victims were blamed for not being able to help themselves. Ludicrous in concept yet if repeated often enough it become reality to those involved. Katrina has certainly taught us that the systems of government, business and education need to recognize this invisible white privilege within and deal with the racial prejudiced involved with it. Will there be changes? Unfortunately we still seem to be waiting for that promised, "bold action." (Bush 1406)"
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The Color of the Past in the Present, 2008.
A discussion of human behavior, focusing on Black women and how we can best provide them assistance.
1,099 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the human behavior towards Black single mothers. The paper explains that giving a hand to poor or needy Black women, particularly Black single mothers, requires knowledge of Black history and welfare and an understanding of their experience in that context. The paper looks at how while White society confined its women to the home as housekeepers, Black women in the South did not have that option even if their husbands could support them. The paper then points out that in 1996, US President Bill Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, which created the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Act to replace the AFDC. It allowed women to work and controlled their reproductive ability which mostly benefited Black mothers and their children. The paper concludes that genuine assistance to any specific group should be drawn from the history and experience of that group. In the case of Black single mothers, the social worker needs to know and understand their long and painful history.
From the Paper
"Masters of Black slaves bred them as livestock, pairing Black men and Black women with the intention of producing the best offspring, which would perform the best labor and bring in the greatest economic gain (Prince 1999). With their emancipation as full citizens, laws passed to modify and improve their condition. These laws protected them from physical abuse, allowed them to travel, build their own schools, buy land and learn useful skills, which later made many of them succeed as entrepreneurs. Emancipation may have eased but sexual discrimination remained, as neither White nor Black women were allowed to vote."
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Earl "Fatha" Hines, 2008.
A review of the life and works of the jazz piano artist Earl "Fatha" Hines.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the works and life of the jazz piano artist and bandleader, Earl "Fatha" Hines. The paper states that Hines came from a musical family and learned to play the piano at an early age, turning professional around 1918. The paper continues and tells of his life experiences and concludes that Hines was a unique musician who brought a different style to music, made up of off-beat rhythms and beats that would mark his music throughout his life.
From the Paper
"Hines is known for his hot jazz piano style that was extremely unique, but he is also known for working with some of the biggest names in jazz and entertainment. He remained close with Louis Armstrong throughout his life, and he featured such legends as Billy Eckstine, Sarah Vaughan, Charlie Parker, and Dizzy Gillespie at various times in his band (Crouch). Hines is also one of the few musicians who managed to remain popular and working throughout a 60-year career, which speaks to not only his musical talent but also his ability to make is music new and refreshing, as well. Many critics have also noted that even as he aged, and made a strong comeback in the 1960s, he never played his piano "safely," but always took chances with his music and his performance. He kept things fresh and lively, and that is one reason audiences continued to enjoy and patronize his concerts well into his 80s. In fact, many critics believe he created some of his best music as he grew older, which is often no the case with aging musicians, many of whom rest on their accomplishments and stop creating new material ."
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Dorothy Irene Height during the 1950s and 1960s, 2008.
The story of Dorothy Irene Height during the years 1950 and 1960.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life of Dorothy Irene Height, a black woman who, in spite of winning a scholarship to attend Barnard College in New York City, was refused the right to go to that university on the idea that the "college's quota for blacks had already been filled". The paper relates that after graduating from the New York University in 1932, she dedicated her life fighting for the rights of the black people. The paper concludes that everything Dorothy Irene Height did in her life brought change in society all over the world.
Outline:
Introduction and Biography
What actions did Dorothy Irene Height take to advance civil rights during the 1950s and 1960s?
What obstacles did she encounter?
How did she meet the challenges she faced?
What were her goals?
Was she successful in accomplishing those goals during the 1950s and 1960s? Why or why not?
From the Paper
"Moreover, she had the pleasure and opportunity to meet every president since Dwight David Eisenhower. And as if that was not enough, she actually was one of the persons who always spoke their minds in front of those presidents, always saying what she thinks, but placing a great importance of the way her thoughts were reflected into words."
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Waging Nonviolent Struggle, 2008.
A review of the book "Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential" by Gene Sharp.
1,027 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book "Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential" by author and professor of political science, Gene Sharp. The paper explains that according to Sharp, the key to effective nonviolent struggle is the role of strategic planning, a topic this book focuses heavily on. The paper looks at how the book is presented with an introduction regarding the relationship between nonviolent struggle and political power. The paper then points out that the remainder of the book is comprised of twenty-three case studies of various, "improvised nonviolent campaigns in the 20th century selected on the basis of types of actions employed." The paper also notes that following the case studies, there is an in depth analysis of the specific dynamics of how a nonviolent struggle operates, along with a presentation of guidelines on how one can strategically plan for a nonviolent struggle.
From the Paper
"In presenting his case studies, Sharp is able to debunk numerous myths and misconceptions about the use of nonviolent struggle. For instance, the case studies present real examples of how nonviolence is not ineffective against dictatorships and genocide or that all nonviolent struggles rely on an appeal to the general moral character of the opponent. Instead these case studies demonstrate how, when strategic planning is employed, nonviolent struggles, such as economic boycotts and social noncompliance, can lead to a highly disciplined and thus successful movements that also create substantially lower overall mortality rates and less incidences of collateral damage, such as the killing of innocent civilians."
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Toni Morrison's "Paradise", 2008.
An analysis of the generational conflict in Toni Morrison's "Paradise".
2,006 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the main problem in the town Ruby in Morrison's "Paradise" is the way in which the old generation resents change and stubbornly clings to the past. The paper explains that this generational conflict reflects the results of slavery on the present state of mind of the blacks. The paper highlights Morrison's belief that the past should be dealt with by accepting it and adopting a dynamic attitude towards it.
From the Paper
"Like Morrison's other fictional works, Paradise is the portrayal of a community. The particular community described here is an all-black, extremely conservative society that lives isolated in a small town called Ruby in Oklahoma. The town of Ruby is created as an isolated, utopian society which, through its own established laws and government, is meant to thrive in an absolute, paradisiacal state. The reality is however rather dystopian than utopian: the community is obviously a self-enclosed patriarchal and exclusivist society, in which otherness be it racial or gender related is met by intolerance. The intolerance is reflected in the main plot of the novel: the elders of Ruby attack the Convent, the refuge of many women in the town and kill a few of its inhabitants."
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Impact on Slavery, 2008.
A discussion on how the invention of the cotton gin impacted on the slave trade.
2,557 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discuses how the discovery of the cotton gin impacted on millions of slaves in the USA. The author explains that there is a close link between the invention of the cotton gin and the expansion of slavery, as the new technology required even more slaves that were forced to work on plantations for greater profits.
From the Paper
"Historians that study American history attribute a great importance to the cotton gin for its role in the expansion of slavery throughout America. There are few cases in American history when an object had such an impact on society. The cotton gin was part of the developing process in American industry and it was an invention that is associated by many historians as "a breakthrough that helped set in motion the expansion of chattel slavery in the South and quickened the industrialization of the North" . The impact of the invention of the cotton gin deserves therefore a more close analysis, as it is often linked with one of America's most condemned legacy - slavery.
"Slavery existed at the time the cotton gin was invented, only that it was not such an expanded phenomenon as it became later, aided by the discovery of the cotton gin. The discovery of the cotton gin made cotton exploitation easier and more profitable but at the cost of exploiting millions of slaves. There is a close link between the invention of the cotton gin and the expansion of slavery because the new technology required even more slaves that were forced to work on plantations for greater profits."
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The Jena 6, 2008.
A discussion of the racial issues surrounding the case of the Jena 6.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the actions of the so-called Jena 6, the legal issues raised around the Jena 6, and the pending trial of some of the Jena 6, from a sociological perspective. This issue involves the placement of nooses around a campus, perceived as a racist gesture against blacks, which led to the beating of a white student by the Jena 6, a group of blacks. The paper argues that the white power structure did nothing directly to the students who had placed the nooses around campus and instead charged the Jena 6 with attempted murder for what was perceived as at most an assault. This eventually raised issues of of racial preference and misdirected prosecutorial discretion. The paper approaches the issue in terms of its social aspects, the type of society that produces such behavior. It concludes that the case reflects the predominance of an unstated, yet indefensible attitude that the black population is a threat to the white population.
From the Paper
"Sociological theory has been developed over the years to cope with this sort of social difference and group action. One such approach is structural functionalism, a theoretical approach in which societies are seen as social systems and in which particular features of social structures are explained in terms of their contribution to the maintenance of these systems. For instance, religious ritual may be explained in terms of the contribution it makes to social integration. The term is also applied to the particular form of functional analysis developed by Talcott Parsons in the 1950s and early 1960s, coinciding, as it happens, with the era of the beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement. Parsons finds institutional patterns which carry the rules and norms governing our social structure. He begins with the system and finds that every social system is a functioning entity, or a system of interdependent structures and processes tending to maintain relative stability and distinctiveness of pattern and behavior."
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"Cotton Picking Time", 2008.
This paper analyzes the book "Cotton Picking Time", by Maya Angelou, through it's spiritual and social content.
1,008 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses an important aspect of Maya Angelou's work, "Cotton Picking Time", which is its spiritual content and power. The paper states that Angelou is known for her religious and spiritual beliefs and how they reflect through her work. This paper analyzes how, "Cotton Picking Time", Angelou discusses one day in her life when she realizes both the bounties and harshness of Southern life as a black person.
From the Paper
"As mentioned earlier, language is used as a powerful tool by the author. According to Angelou, it was the language that helped her community survive. There may actually be more to the folk language than we realize at first. By communicating about their pain and hard times, the community could verbalize their situation that helped in survival. Angelou admits that: 'It may be enough, however, to have it said that we survive in exact relationship to the dedication of our poets (include preachers, musicians and blues singers)' (p. 180). Black authors have almost unanimously agreed that language has helped them in survival. By talking about the pain, they could at least let it out or in other words, writing and singing provided an outlet to their pain and frustrations."
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Racial Bias in the U.S. Criminal Justice System, 2008.
An analysis of the existence of racial bias and its impact on the outcome of cases in the United States criminal justice system.
2,751 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses racial bias in the United States criminal justice system. It specifically questions whether the race of an individual suspected of a crime impacts his or her experience and the outcome in the criminal justice system. The paper discusses the history of related laws in the United States and discusses skin color ethics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
In the U.S. Criminal Justice System...
Challenging Past and Contemporary Contentions
Research Purports
Confessions
Skin Color Ethics
Countering the Cycling Racial Bias Challenge
From the Paper
"Federal sentencing guidelines sternly constrain judges' discretion for determining whether an individual being charged will be sentenced to prison or receive probation. Guidelines are also currently in place to "guide" a judge in allocating the length of the sentence. Guidelines, albeit only contain minimal restrictions on the judges' and prosecutors' abilities to reduce sentences "for substantial assistance or acceptance of responsibility." Spohnhttp (2000:482)"
"Ultimately, Spohnhttp (2000:481 - 482) concludes that the reason for the unbalanced number of racial minorities currently incarcerated in the U.S. did not merely evolve from a racially neutral efforts to protect citizens and/or control crime. Earlier refutations of racial discrimination in the U.S. criminal justice system, according to Spohnhttp (2000:482) do not pass the test of time."
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