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Slavery, Douglass and Stowe, 2007. A comparative analysis of the depiction of slavery in Frederick Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave" and Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin". 1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how, within 19th century American literature, two works on slavery that helped to bring about the abolition of slavery were Frederick Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave" (1845) and Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1851). It looks at how these were two of the most important books of the antebellum era and how both contributed, due to their strong impacts on the hearts and minds of the American public, to the eventual abolition of slavery in America. It also examines how both works depict, in detail, the south's "peculiar institution" of slavery, and its extreme inhumanity and cruelty.
From the Paper "However, Douglass' Narrative further describes how Frederick, soon undaunted, and by now enormously thirsty for additional knowledge, continues learning, against the odds, to read and write, anyway. He accomplishes this by enlisting white neighborhood boys his age to help him with his letters in exchange for handouts of bread from the Auld kitchen (Douglass, p. 2017). It is Frederick's duty to be an obedient slave to his Baltimore master, Hugh Auld, but Frederick's desire to learn to read, despite its being illegal, clearly wins out.
Later, Douglass, as a young man seeking freedom, as he also writes in his Narrative, ran away first to the North, and then to England (when he was already a known author and speaker worldwide). "
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The Life of Frederick Douglass, 2006. A review of 'The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave' by Frederick Douglass. 1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 51.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the Frederick Douglass', 'The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave'. According to the paper, some of the writing is based on narratives passed around by word of mouth from slave to slave, while other parts are pure fiction. The paper concludes with a personal perspective of a reader.
From the Paper "Sophia Auld is not the only white person described as being like an animal. The "nigger-breaker" Mr. Covey is also compared to an animal, specifically to a snake, because of his sneakyness and cunning. Likewise, those who hunt down and capture escaped slaves are compared to animals, because they would "lie in wait for the panting fugitive, as the ferocious beasts of the forest lie in wait for their prey." Yet most of the time when Douglass compares humans to beasts, he is referring to the other slaves, who he frequently refers to as being stupid. "I envied my fellow-slaves for their stupidity," he writes, "I have often wished myself a beast. I preferred the condition of the meanest reptile to my own." Shortly after this statement, he describes the way that all the slaves were evaluated for their worth: "Men and women, old and
young, married and single, were ranked with horses, sheep, and swine. There were horses and men, cattle and women, pigs and children, all holding the same rank in the scale of being, and were all subjected to the same narrow examination." Overall, it seems that one of his strongest critiques of slavery is that it defiles the image of man and makes him comparable to the animals. He argues against that religion which justifies slavery, and suggests that slave owners are actually defying God. "O, how accursed is that system, which entombs the godlike mind of man, defaces the divine image, reduces those who by creation were crowned with glory and honor to a level with four-footed beasts."
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Invisible Man, 2006. A look at the role of women in 'Invisible Man' by Ralph Ellison. 1,422 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes Ralph Ellison's book, 'Invisible Man'. Specifically the paper focuses on the role of women in the book. According to the paper, the female characters are placed behind the scenes and some readers never understand the importance the women play in this novel.
From the Paper "Other women in the novel are not as important as Mary is, although they all aid the narrator's growth and transformation from boy to mature man. The "magnificent blonde" stripper he sees during the first chapter is purely sexual, and so sexual he must look away from her magnificent body. Many of the other shadowy women in the novel are stereotypically sexual too. There is Emma, the white woman who he dances with until the wee hours of the morning, and the anonymous white married woman who he has a brief affair with and never sees again. They all help him grow and mature, and so, their role in the novel is quite crucial. "
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Power and Authority at Work, 2007. A discussion pn authority in the workplace, as per Chapter 8 of "Cracking the Corporate Code: The Revealing Success Stories of 32 African-American Executives" by Price Cobbs and Judith Turnock. 1,283 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the issues of power, authority and influence over others within the confines of the workplace. It focuses on how these issues pertain to leadership. The paper emphasizes the discussion in Chapter 8 of "Cracking the Corporate Code: The Revealing Success Stories of 32 African-American Executives" by Price Cobbs and Judith Turnock, in which the paper discusses what Frank Fountain and Paula Banks do to acquire corporate power and influence.
From the Paper "Paula Banks handled her rise to the top by refusal (Cobbs & Turnock, 2003). However, she still had to stop and rethink her career strategy. She was working to be a store manager, and was sidetracked into working with Human Resources (HR). She had been promised a store manager position very soon, but eventually she was told it would be at least 8 years before that could take place. However, if she did not want to wait that long, she could change her career path and become the head of HR for one of the catalog distribution sectors (Cobbs & Turnock, 2003). While she did not want HR, she also did not want to spend 8 long years working for a store manager position. Her refusal to insist on getting what she was originally promised was not accepted, and many believe that this is due to the fact of being female (Cobbs & Turnock, 2003)."
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"Living with Racism" -- A Review, 2007. This paper reviews Joe R. Feagin and Melvin P. Sikes' book "Living with Racism". 1,406 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 46.95 »
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Abstract This paper reviews Joe R. Feagin and Melvin P. Sikes' book "Living with Racism," in which the authors challenge the conventional view that racism is a thing of the past, gone with the days of slavery. To challenge this view, Feagin and Sikes collected personal accounts from over 200 middle-class black Americans to reveal the racism that pervades many aspects of American daily life today. The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and examine how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. "Living with Racism" is an important reminder about how much work remains to be done regarding racial relations in the United States.
From the Paper "The authors pull together accounts revealing subtle and overt racism, and how this racism is expressed in discriminatory behavior. Despite the Civil Rights Movement and the resultant laws that mandate against discriminatory practices, Feagin and Sikes gather a multitude of accounts showing how African Americans continue to face discrimination at public places, such as hotels, restaurants and stores. The stories are carefully gathered to provide a narrative account that encompasses many aspects of American public life. Together, these stories show that racism and the resultant discriminatory behavior are alive and well."
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The Achievement Gap, 2007. An analysis of the historical and cultural reasons for the achievement gap between African-American and Caucasian students. 1,398 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the achievement gap between African-American and Caucasian students as it relates to education. It discusses the gap from a historical and cultural perspective. It then explores the context of this issue as it relates to standards of education and analyzes the findings of several articles regarding the impact of this issue on pre-service teachers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context With Link To Standards Of Education
Summary And Analysis Of Several Articles
Impact Of This Issue Of Pre-Service Teachers
From the Paper "The segregation of African American and Caucasian children prior to 1964 continues to have a profound effect on the achievement levels of students. In addition, there are issues of socioeconomic class that play a significant role in achievement levels. In recent years this gap has increased significantly as the disparities between the rich and the poor have also widened. Because there are such differences between the wealthy and the poor in this country there are also substantial differences in the standard of education from place to place. There have been various attempts over the years to close this gap. Under the Bush administration the No Child Left Behind Act was developed to address the Achievement gap. Since the implementation of this Act there has been a great deal of conflict concerning both its implementation and the impact that the act has actually had on the achievement gap as it relates to Black and White students. Setting specific standards as it relates to expectations for achievement and curriculum is critical to closing the achievement gap between black and white students."
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Racial Fear, 2007. The paper examines how race influences a person's perception of being threatened. 1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses whether white people feel afraid of a black person by virtue of his race and if so, what factors may contribute to that fear. The paper explains that specific events can trigger a person's fear of someone from a different race and this can be partly attributed to the media's handling of different races. The paper maintains that when the media begins to treat different races more equally, people will experience a reduced automatic reaction of fear when they encounter the opposite race.
Outline:
Introduction
Stereotyping
Evidence
Conclusion
From the Paper "One of the things that can trigger race based fear is event driven fear. When a child is attacked on a playground by a group of students and those students all happen to be of a particular race, that child may grow up to develop a fear of all members of that race. In addition when that child is raised in a basic one race group or area and is never exposed to other races the fear of the unknown can also create a fear of other races. Everyone has heard the stories about whites crossing the street to avoid an approaching black individual or group. Articles and news interviews nationwide indicate it is not only a white fearing black issues, but many blacks and Mexicans are raised to fear whites as well."
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"The Bluest Eye", 2007. A discussion of the theme of racial discrimination in Toni Morrison's novel, "The Bluest Eye." 1,094 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the novel "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison. It explores the ways that Morrison vividly and starkly develops the theme of racism against African-Americans in America in the 1940s, within the novel. It discusses the interactions between three Black girls and the ways that they contend with White-dominated American standards of beauty, femininity and worth.
From the Paper "The culture in which Pecola and the other girls live values everything whites do, but nothing blacks do. As a result, the girls dislike whites, but they envy the beauty of whites, not because it is objectively better than their own looks, but because the society they live in thinks it is, and therefore devalues their own culture. Pecola hates white dolls, and white girls, for example, yet she would still love to have blue eyes. Pecola, therefore, longs to have something she never can naturally have, and at the same time, as a result of the prejudice of the society she lives in, rejects her own natural self. Further, the more crazy Pecola becomes within the novel, the more she talks about, and yearns to have, blue eyes, to the point where she insists she wants the bluest eyes in the world and even kills a dog to try to get them. In this way, then, Toni Morrison, within her novel The Bluest Eye (1970), depicts, poignantly and powerful, the theme of racial prejudice and discrimination against blacks in the 1940's, and the negative impact(s) of it on three similarly-aged black girls and especially on one in particular, Pecola Breedlove."
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Pan-Africanism, 2007. This paper presents a detailed exploration of Pan-Africanism, espcially in Harlem and Paris. 3,945 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 107.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses Pan-Africanism, a movement based on the 19th century desire to end slavery not only in the United States but also in South American and the Caribbean. It was from this era that Black people throughout the world decided that the way to address many of the issues they experienced as a race was to work together as a team. The paper describes the international meetings held to discuss this issue and also highlights the leadership of the Pan-African movement. The author concludes that the Pan-Africanism movement was and still is a positive team-oriented effort to introduce the African-American culture to the world and to share the common bond among people worldwide who share an African ancestral background.
Outline:
Introduction
In a Nutshell
Harlem Renaissance
The Arts
Conclusion
From the Paper "When one studies the topic of Pan-Africanism one is not studying a single element in history but instead is studying a wide range of events and cultural preferences that go along with African American history and culture. Experts agree that there is not a single definition for the term Pan-Africanism but the term itself does define it as an independent idea. The concept of Pan-Africanism is based in the 19th century desire to end slavery. At that time slavery was not only an issue in the United States but was also an issue in several other nations including South American and the Caribbean(Definition of Pan-Africanism? http://geography.about.com/b/a/012445.htm). It was from this era that Black people throughout the world decided that the way to solve many of the problems that the race was experiencing was work together as a team."
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The Tuskegee Airmen, 2006. A look at the role that the Tuskegee Airmen played in World War II. 2,638 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 79.95 »
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Abstract This paper focuses on the continuing segregation, humiliation and stereotypes of African-Americans, and more specifically the Tuskegee Airmen, during their service in World War II. The paper proposes that despite the treatment the Tuskegee Airmen faced, they served admirably and thus helped set the stage for the desegregation of the United States Armed service.
From the Paper "The 99th Fighter Pursuit Squadron finally got their orders to report overseas in April of 1943 where they were assigned to help support the invasion of Sicily. Their main mission however remained one of limited contact with the enemy as their major responsibility was strafing of enemy targets which limited their air to air combat record. This lack of air to air combat record along with the squadron's transition to active combat would lead to major problems not only for the black airmen of the 99th but it would also raise the question about the role blacks would play in future operations."
"The problem for the 99th came in the form of their first combat evaluation penned by Colonel William Momyer in which he severely criticized the performance and disposition of the 99th and its personnel. In his report Moymer states: "The ability to work and fight as a team has not yet been acquired. [...] Their formation flying has been very satisfactory until jumped by enemy aircraft. This has been repeatedly been brought to the attention of the squadron, but attempts to correct this deficiency so far have been unfruitful [...] The unit shows a lack of aggressive spirit that is necessary for a well-organized fighter squadron [...] Based on the performance of the 99th Fighter Squadron to date, it is my opinion they are not of the flying caliber of any squadron in the group.[...] It may be expected that we will get less work and less operation time out of the 99th Fighter Squadron than any squadron in this Group" ( qtd. in Osur p.48)."
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"Invisible Man", 2007. This paper reviews Ralph Ellison's novel "Invisible Man." 978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the novel "Invisible Man" by Ralph Ellison and, in particular, analyzes the concept of invisibility. The invisibility which Ellison describes, whether on the part of blacks or whites, is due to ignorance and prejudice, and it keeps people from being able to see others for who they truly are. This concept is further explored in different contexts throughout the novel. The paper suggests that the book itself is a disturbing narrative of the author's lifelong struggle to be genuinely who he is.
From the Paper "A very naive narrator finds himself unemployed in New York, having been deceived and betrayed by the college president. Through a few incidents of pure bad luck, he is given experimental electric shock therapy treatment at a hospital against his will. Who he is, and what has happened to land him in the hospital is of no interest to the doctors and nurses. His condition and his body are there, but who he really is remains invisible to them. Staggering out on the street afterwards, he is taken in by a kind woman, Mary, who takes care of him for a long while. She does not find him invisible, and is patient with his job search because she feels he has a special mission for their race."
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"Beloved", 2007. An analysis of the use of trees as an impassive life force in "Beloved" by Toni Morrison. 3,143 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 91.95 »
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Abstract The paper discusses how Toni Morrison, in "Beloved", constructs an intricate journey through and around the complex and painful lives of post-civil war slaves.The paper analyzes how Morrison's use of trees is a way of showing how trees have no life tragedies to remember, no sense of loss, no sense of their beauty, and experience; nothing but growth, death and the pure elements of sunshine, water, soil and fire. The writer proposes that, although there is a definite biblical flavor to her writing, the trees symbolize a far more comprehensive spirituality than that of simple Christian dogma.
From the Paper "During these months when Sethe, Beloved and Denver were behind locked doors, Sethe used all of their money to buy fabric and ribbons and sewed outlandish clothes for them. Beloved began to be overly demanding and abusive to Sethe, and eventually began to turn Sethe into her own mistreated slave. It dawns on Denver that she no longer needs to protect Beloved from her mother, but vice versa. Denver, after twelve years at the house, walks to the home of her former teacher and enlists her help. Denver finds that the world is not so unfriendly, and is actually far saner than her life at home. Through the help of the community, she provides food to Beloved and her mother, whose sanity has completely abandoned them by now."
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"Sula", 2007. An analysis of feminist ideals in the book, "Sula", by Toni Morrison. 1,767 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95 »
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Abstract The paper analyzes how Angela Davis, in her essay "Rape, Racism and the Myth of the Black Rapist", expresses some of the themes involved in the second wave of feminism. The paper explores how this feminism no longer merely notes the equality of men and women, but focuses on the role of social institutions in keeping women subjugated, even as they act as if they are free and independent. The paper examines how the themes Davis presents can be traced through the fiction of Toni Morrison, notably in "Sula", a book of considerable depth. The paper further discusses how Morrison's use of language and images are similar in theme to those discussed by Davis.
From the Paper "Facing the characters in this novel at all times is the reality of racism, and this as well is a remnant of the past, the past of the slave era, that persists in creating damage in the present. Morrison notes this from the first as she describes why the Bottom came to be. A deeper racism is seen by Helene as completely is in her past and so outside Medallion, and this racism appears once more as soon as she starts to leave the community. This is in the North, of course, but the way the white conductor on the train treats her recalls the way she felt in the South when she was a child in New Orleans."
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Patricia Reynolds Harris, 2006. A review of the life and career of Patricia Reynolds Harris. 1,219 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at the accomplishments of Patricia Reynolds Harris, the first African-American woman to hold a cabinet post, the first to be an ambassador to a foreign country, and the first to be a director of a major American corporation - IBM. The paper discusses how she also earned a law degree, helped nominate a President, served on federal civil rights commissions and played an important role in Democratic Party politics.
From the Paper "In 1967 she returned to teaching at Howard University, and in 1969 she was appointed Law School Dean (Capital Outlook, p. 1). However, she only stayed one month. Shortly after she was appointed, a student protest occurred. She was opposed to the protest, an unpopular position not supported by the university's president (ESPER, p. 1), and she left the school. She then joined a Washington, D.C. law firm as a partner (Staff, p. 1). In 1971, she was appointed to the Board of Directors of one of the United State's largest and most important corporations - International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) (World Book, p. 1). Meanwhile she continued to be active and influential in the Democratic Party. In 1972 she was headed the Credentials Committee, and in 1973 was again a delegate to the Democratic National Committee (Staff, p. 1). She also remained vitally interested in civil rights. From 1967 to 1977, she was on the executive Board of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (Johnson, p. 1). "
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"Let America be America Again", 2006. An analysis of the poem "Let America be America Again" by Langston Hughes. 1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper takes a look at Langston Hughes' poem "Let America be America Again". The paper focuses primarily on the theme of hope and protest that are prevalent throughout the poem. According to the paper, Hughes emphasizes the conflict he sees for African-Americans and, at the same time, he visualizes hope for them.
From the Paper "Here we see how the poet is reaching for hope that he has not yet seen but believes is possible. This passage reveals how America can be the dream that his people long for without tyranny and the notion that one man can crush another. Here, we see how the poet longs for every man to get along and believes that it can happen at some point in history. This is also evident when the poet writes, "opportunity is real, and life is free,/Equality is in the air we breathe" (13-14). He writes, "I am the young man, full of strength and hope,/Tangled in that ancient endless chain/Of profit, power, gain, of grab the land!" (26-8). This is an interesting passage because it unites the hope the poet believes in and the underlying reason for protest of why it does not exist. Again, we see that the poet clings to hope because he realizes how important it is to the human psyche. "
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"Deep South", 2006. A discussion on "Deep South" written by Allison Davis. 1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 58.95 »
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Abstract The first part of this paper looks at Davis' arguments regarding the link between social class and education. The next part of the paper evaluates whether the author's arguments remain relevant, especially in light of other authors who continue to investigate the links between social class and education. In the conclusion, it argues that Davis' contributions to the field of multicultural education deserve greater recognition.
From the Paper "In Children of Bondage, Davis also found that internalized values play a critical role in the educational aspirations of black children. Children from low-income families have seen first-hand how minimal their chances are to finish high school and college. The economic and social-mobility benefits of education therefore remain out of reach for many children from low-income families. Consequently, Davis concludes from interviews with teachers and educator administrators that due to these social circumstances, many low-income black youth learn not to value education."
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African-American Religion, 2007. This paper describes the role of African-American churches in organizing the black community during the Civil Rights Movement. 2,351 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95 »
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Abstract This paper argues that African-American churches served as the foundation for the African-American struggle for civil rights during the 20th century. The author traces the history of the churches, focusing on their importance socially as well as spiritually to the community. The author is somewhat critical of mainstream Christianity and its exclusion of Blacks. The paper concludes by citing major Black religious figures in America and acknowledging that religion has impacted African-American history from a highly diverse set of directions.
From the Paper "Still, the notion that the Christian Church has been a leading force in the movement towards social change for the African American has not gone unchallenged. Some have contended that the Christian Church as acted as an opiate for generations to the African American people. One critic stated, "Instead of cursing the white man, [blacks] shout at the Lord. Instead of kicking whitey, [blacks] kick over the pew." Those who believe that the African American Church acts as an opiate to the black sub-culture contend that it induces many individuals to appeal to God for social change, when, more realistically, they should be acting to bring about social change themselves; in other words, they believe that the church provides an outlet for black people's frustrations, so they can be directed away from actions that might elementally undermine the current radicalized American social system. Eventually, a scientific study conducted by Gary Marx in the 1960's attempted to find any correlation between the level of religious fervor of black Americans and their associated beliefs regarding the Civil Rights movement: "Specifically, Marx established that in his sample, the greater the subjective importance of religion to black respondents, and the more often they went to church, the less militant they were in support of the civil rights issues." Even more recent theorists have agreed with the assessment of the role of the African American Church in social activism; arguing that it is centrally a device for passivity and control."
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"The Promised Land", 2007. A discussion on Nicholas Lemann's book, "The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America". 2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 83.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the thesis about migration and its effects in Nicholas Lemann's book "The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America". It looks at how Lemann shores up his thesis, through the use of intertwined personal stories. It also evaluates the strength of Lemann's positions, especially those related to the ghetto's continuity and how the federal government could institute policies geared towards ending the problems associated with a permanent, ghetto-based black underclass. Additionally, the paper evaluates the implications of Lemann's findings in light of critical race theory and the sociology of minority group relations. Finally, the paper argues that, 15 years after its initial publication, Lemann's book and propositions remain relevant.
From the Paper "The regrouping of this culture in the inner city therefore meant that many of the old problems were resurrected, and often intensified. As Uless Carter's later experiences show, black unemployment continued to be a problem in urban areas as well. The black migrant's dream of the promised land of economic opportunity therefore collided with the ugly reality of Chicago's south side. By the 1960s, the problem of joblessness had loomed large. Residents had to contend with slum housing conditions that had skyrocketing crime rates. Ruby Lee Haynes shows how black families struggled with dysfunction and welfare dependency. The racial crisis that loomed in the south had moved northward, and policymakers in Washington did not know how to handle or avert the crisis."
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"The Declining Significance of Race", 2007. A review of the continued relevance of the issues related in "The Declining Significance of Race" by William Wilson. 2,144 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 67.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines "The Declining Significance of Race" by William Wilson. It evaluates which of Wilson's points remain relevant in examining race and class relations today. It then examines the book's weaknesses, such as the presentation of African-Americans as a monolithic culture. In the conclusion, the paper finds that Wilson's book remains an insightful starting point, however it also suggests that more studies remain to be done regarding how social stratification by race, gender and class continue to be relevant.
Table of Contents:
Wilson's Thesis
Sociology Of Minority Group Relations
From the Paper "Additionally, recasting "minority group" in class-based terms opens new opportunities for addressing poverty. Instead of recycling race-based policies that benefit those who are already economically-secure, anti-poverty programs should look towards helping those who are economically-disadvantaged, regardless of their race. Wilson's suggestions included WPA-style work programs. To these suggestions, this paper also recommends daycare programs in poor neighborhoods, after-school and mentorship programs for older children and funding clinics for low-income urban residents. These combined programs would go a long way towards providing an economically-poor minority with resources to help them improve their life chances."
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