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Urban Riots, 2007.
This paper explores four urban riots in the US that were manifestations of the same urban troubles.
1,714 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the causes behind urban riots and focuses on the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980 and the Los Angeles riot in 1992. The paper shows how these riots were all triggered by police brutality perpetrated by white cops against black citizens. The paper demonstrates the racial profiling and the unfairness of the criminal justice system that aroused public tensions. The paper shows how rioting can be viewed as disorganized, yet pointed attempts to mobilize a disenfranchised population to achieve political power. The paper concludes that cities and their governments must learn from these four significant events in American urban history.
From the Paper
"Urban riots often indicate underlying social unrest. The largest riots in modern American history can be traced to race and class issues that transcend and predate the proximate cause of the rioting. For example, the Watts riot in 1965, the Newark riot in 1967, the Miami riot in 1980, and the Los Angeles riot in 1992 were each triggered by striking similar events and were manifestations of the same urban troubles. In each of these cases, the rioting was triggered by white-on-black police brutality and jury verdicts that seemed unjust. The police brutality also relates to racial profiling in each of these riot incidents, reflecting injustices within law enforcement institutions."
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"Devil in a Blue Dress", 2007.
An analysis of race and racism in the book "Devil in a Blue Dress," written by Walter Mosley.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the novel "Devil in a Blue Dress," written by Walter Mosley. Specifically, it discusses the roles that race and racism play in the character, Rollins', efforts to resolve the problems he faces in the novel. The paper describes scenes and presents quotes from the novel in order to illustrate the points that it discusses regarding racism.
From the Paper
"California may have been a "heaven" but Blacks still faced discrimination there, and that is part of the "bottom" Easy is talking about. Blacks in Southern California still face that today, so what Easy experienced is not so different now. Blacks still live in the ghettos of Compton and Watts, face police brutality, and live in poverty. Violence is prevalent, and one of the problems Blacks faced was lack of interest from the police. When Easy is arrested, he notes how distant the police are from Black troubles. He says, "You never could tell when it came to the cops and a colored neighborhood. The police don't care about crime among Negroes" (Mosley 171). Thus, Easy is essentially working on his own as a private detective, and he, and other Blacks, cannot depend on the police for help or survival. This is just one more incident of racism Easy must conquer to be successful."
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American Slavery, 2007.
An analysis of the change in conditions for former slaves following the Civil War.
2,283 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses American slavery after the Civil War. It particularly focuses on it from the point of view of the freed slaves. The paper suggests that the slave experience in the United States did not change significantly after the Civil War, rather expectations and expected experiences among former slaves remained similar to those they held during slavery. The paper explains the reasons behind these expectations and conditions for former slaves after the Civil War.
From the Paper
"Slaves, prior to the Civil War, were under complete control of the white authority. These conditions forced a poor quality of life and even obscene treatment towards them. The life of Charles Ball and the sequence of events he had to overcome because of his race is evidence of the conditions existing for African-Americans both prior to and after the Civil War (Ball 1859). Ball documented his life beginning with his father's capture from Africa and subsequent enslavement. As a slave, Ball was separated from his Mother at a young age and eventually from his wife as he was sold to Georgia while she lived in Maryland. This reflects the complete lack of disregard for slave family life which was a characteristic of the slave experience in America. Also in Georgia, Ball was treated with extreme cruelty, yet he could do nothing about it except possibly to escape. Furthermore, Ball was able to escape captivity, twice, and even as a freeman buy his own farm. Yet eventually he and his wife were capture into slavery, reflecting on the nature of the laws towards their treatment of African-Americans. Even freemen were not safe from trouble in the culture in which African-American's were subordinate. Ball maintains that "misery loves company" and that he is a subject to "mutual sufferings," (Ball 277) indicating the conditions he feels exist as a slave. Ultimately, Charles Ball's experience is illustrative of the conditions that exist to slaves, as even when he becomes a freeman he is not entirely free."
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Harriet Tubman's Legacy, 2007.
A discussion of this legendary figure of the Underground Railroad who successfully transported many slaves to freedom.
1,627 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Harriet Tubman's rescue activities and portrays how she bravely returned south to help other slaves through the same highways and human byways she had traveled in her own quest for freedom. The paper illustrates how she managed to transport over three hundred slaves on her path, including her own family. The paper concludes that Tubman's legacy lies in the lives of the countless men and women she liberated.
From the Paper
"Although the name of Harriet Tubman has often been lauded by historians and in the popular press, this legendary, almost mythical figure of the Underground Railroad remains a mystery, even to this day. Tubman's creativity at personal disguise, the mythical allure she was able to cultivate, and her wily refusal to be pinned down to any secure identity or path were all the reasons for her success in transporting so many slaves to freedom. This also makes her a difficult subject for biographers to capture in print."
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Civil Rights: An International Movement, 2007.
This paper explores the implications of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X's international perspective.
1,064 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that although Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are associated with different factions of the American Civil Rights movement, both leaders brought an international perspective to the persecution of African-Americans. The paper discusses Malcolm X's approach to violence and his view that community solidarity, rather than individual rights was required to remedy the situation. The paper relates that King's vision was multiracial and pacifist, but equally inclusive and expansive.
From the Paper
"Malcolm X began his life as Malcolm Little, an admitted drug addict and criminal, who was redeemed through Islam, a non-American religion, and framed his own redemption in the context of a conversion narrative, and a narrative of nationalism that ultimately allied armed colonial struggle with the fight for African-American rights: "The same thing happened in Algeria, in Africa. They didn't have anything but a rifle," he said in one of his addresses making an analogy between the violent (as opposed to non-violent) colonial resistance of the successful Islamic resistance against the French in Algiers with the struggle of his people at home."
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Busing in Boston, 2007.
An analysis of the history behind "Boston Against Busing," written by Ronald P. Formisano.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper details the history as presented in the book "Boston Against Busing," written by Ronald P. Formisano. It describes the racism in the 1970s when the courts mandated busing children away from their neighborhood schools to more distant locations, as a way of addressing the racial imbalance in the schools. The paper analyzes Formisano's depiction of the events.
From the Paper
"The decision was handed down by Judge Garrity in 1974, and he sought to make certain that the order was followed immediately. The school board and its supporters were largely in denial that there was any segregation in Boston, but the court did not listen to this claim. The next argument was that segregation was beyond the ability of the school district to address, and the court rejected this idea as well. In fact, the judge found that the school system used a feeder method that assured that blacks and whites were deliberately separated into black and white schools. The system claimed that it allowed black students to enroll in schools of their choice, but the judge found that school policies were intended to discriminate on the basis of race. Formisano notes that the decision should not have been a surprise, though it was treated by opponents as if it were and as if there were no foundation or precedent for it."
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Post-Civil War Black History, 2007.
This paper discusses the post-Civil War struggle for equality for African- Americans.
2,195 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the era following the Civil War was not a smooth transition from a slave-owning to a free-black society, but rather was characterized by conflict over the needs of the Southern states in the reconstruction of their ruined lands and fragmented social and political order. The author points out that this period is significantly important to subsequent African-American history because it enabled later periods of de-facto segregation and traditional issues of daily prejudice; however, it also marked the beginning of a constitutional move to demand free-men's rights equal to those of white men. The paper relates that the black codes, which eventually were named the Jim Crow Laws, allowed for officially sanctioned freedoms as well as restrictions that created legal segregation on many levels all over the South and reinforced those that already existed in the North.
From the Paper
"From these movements local Southern activists emerged, like Fannie Lou Hammer, who spent the majority of her life fighting one campaign after another for local equality. The changes in the movement, demonstrated a concerted effort by national activists to include the voice of the people in the fight. The effort was successful in many ways because it helped create a system of people who were willing to endure countless personal and often violent attacks but who knew the local community and could create grassroots support for change."
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Antebellum America, 2007.
An analysis of the plight of women and African-Americans as marginalized groups in antebellum America.
1,357 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how women and African-Americans represented two groups with limited rights in antebellum America. It looks at how, socially, both were considered to have a role and a place and how neither had complete rights when compared with white men in the same society. It also examines how both women and African-Americans were marginalized by both Northern and Southern society for the entirety of the antebellum period and how the marginalization of blacks and women allowed for a social hierarchy wherein every member of society had a clear place.
From the Paper
"The availability of social function to white women was not unlike the availability of religion to African Americans. Even on slave plantations slave owners considered it important to impress Christian values on their slaves. In James Mars' exploit, he explains how the minister who had owner his parents had arranged and carried out their marriage so that they could live a Christian life (3-5). That the slave-owners felt any importance in this is particularly interesting, in that Mars' mother already had a child by a previous white owner (Mars, 4). Previous sexual relationships or children would have been unacceptable in a white women looking to marry; however, the sexualization of African American women allowed white individuals to look the other way."
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A Positive Body Image, 2007.
This paper discusses the positive body image of African-American adolescent females.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that African-American adolescent girls have a more positive body image than white adolescent girls. The paper attributes this to the media, including film and advertising, that portrays African-American women differently than white women. The paper also notes that African-American girls may have closer family structures and better relationships with their mothers that may positively affect a girl's view of her own body.
From the Paper
"Previous studies examining the body image of adolescent girls have established a number of ideas about how perceived body image effects the actions and life choices of those girls. Some report body image as a factor in sexual activity (Rosenthal, Smith, & de Visser 319). Others see the media and advertising as playing a large role in the shaping how girls feel about their bodies (Hylmo; Baker). Finally, healthy attitudes from parents and other factors related to early home life also seem to play a part ("Girls' Body" 51)."
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Slavery, 2007.
This paper discusses slavery in America from its beginnings to the emancipation.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer looks at the beginnings of slavery in America. The writer then discusses how slave trading became more and more profitable as the market for humans grew. Further, the writer discusses how repressive laws prohibited blacks from earning money. The writer notes that such laws produced racism as an integral aspect of American society and after 1700, racism was central to American culture. In this essay, the writer also looks at how the African-Americans managed to influence society and notes that, although it is not clear what early slaves thought and believed, they did bring creativity to their lives and found ways to adapt.
From the Paper
"After 1670 English settlers from Barbados brought slaves to the Carolinas and with them came a legal code that led to institutionalized slavery. They also brought a social system that approved of enslaving black people. Slave trading became more and more profitable as the market for humans grew. As the colonies grew richer on the system, they could afford to buy more and more slaves. There was further incentive for this because settlers were given free land in the colonies if they would come and work it. For each slave, they got an extra parcel. "
"As this was happening, it became illegal for slaves to get out by way of Christian conversion. Once religion was removed as a factor, race determined who could be made a slave."
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"Beloved", 2007.
This paper examines Toni Morrison's novel "Beloved" about slavery and racism.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the life of well known author Toni Morrison and her book "Beloved." The paper describes the novel's focus on the institution of slavery. The paper portrays how Morrison uses the work to illuminate the plight of the slave and illustrate the human ability to act both humanely and inhumanely at the same time.
Outline:
Introduction
Morrison
Beloved and Slavery
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many authors use their work to convey a feeling, a belief or a value, but every once in awhile the world is treated to an author that knows exactly how to convey the human spirit, both in the negative and positive light. This is the case with well known author Toni Morris and her work Beloved. Morris uses the work to illuminate the plight of the slave, and the ability for humans to act humanely and inhumanely at the same time. The work is important to the history of America as it blueprints a time and attitude that should never be repeated."
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The Great Migration, 2007.
This paper discusses causes and effects of the Great Migration of African-Americans during the early 1900s.
1,838 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the black migration, during the early 20th century, from the poorer regions of the South towards the more advanced ones in the North. The paper explains this migration in light of the background of that historical period and the changing conditions that intervened at the beginning and during the First World War. The paper examines the consequences of this migration and notes positive and negative effects on the black population. The paper concludes that the black migration north represented an essential event in the shaping of the culture of the US.
From the Paper
"The society at the beginning of the 20th century was largely influenced by the existence of racism, which determined the orientation of the social attitude based on segregation behavior. The Jim Crows laws played a major role in institutionalizing this tendency . The moment of their enactment represented in fact the official and legal recognition of the segregation practice. These laws "enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the formal Reconstruction period in 1877 and the beginning of a strong civil rights movement in the 1950s" . however, until the emergence of the Emancipation movement and the Civil Rights quest, black people were constantly subjected to discriminatory treatment."
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'Beloved', 2007.
This paper examines the book "Beloved" by Toni Morrison.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that Toni Morrison's novel 'Beloved' analyzes the effects of slavery on the lives of African-Americans in a very interesting way. The writer notes that instead of telling a story about the violence of the white slave masters and about the sufferings of the black people, Morrison reviews the way in which slavery affects the sense of self-hood and identity in African-Americans. The writer points out that the text investigates the perpetuation of violence and possessiveness even after the liberation of slaves has taken place. The writer concludes that this novel is meant as a lesson for black people and shows the way in which they can cope with the trauma of slavery by recovering their own sense of identity, which brings true independence.
From the Paper
"However, this violent reaction of the mother has another meaning as well: she acts as if her children were her own possession, as if she were a white master herself. Morrison therefore reveals the violence of white people indirectly, through this violent act of Sethe, which is obviously a remnant of master and slave relationship."
"Thus, first of all, Morrison shows the way in which the bond between the white masters and the slaves affects the sense of selfhood in Sethe and her family. The dominance of the white culture and the idea that the black slaves are the possessions of their masters left the African Americans with the sense that they do not have an identity of their own, and that they only exist in the definition that the white give them. The physical possession of the slaves is, at the same time, a psychical possession. Sethe feels that the white people are capable of taking everything away from her, including her whole self."
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Linguistic Profiling, 2007.
This paper discusses linguistic profiling and its damaging ramifications.
944 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper defines linguistic profiling as the act of determining the characteristics of one's socioeconomic status and/or race based on the way one uses language. The paper examines Dr. John Baugh's study that shows how when a voice sounds African-American or Mexican-American, discriminatory action is likely to follow. The paper discusses how potential employers, mortgage service providers, real estate agents and many other service providing individuals and companies use stereotyping judgments based on linguistic profiling.
From the Paper
"The term, "linguistic profiling," was invented by the Margaret Bush Wilson Professor and Director of African American Studies in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, Dr. John Baugh. His study indicated that when a voice sounds African-American or Mexican-American, discriminatory action is likely to follow (Rice, 2006). Baugh conducted routine analysis of the interactions of various groups, individuals, and aspects of communication to determine much of the disadvantages and dangers of linguistic profiling. The abundance of dangers and disadvantages was anything but lacking. There proved to be downsides in every regard."
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"Caroline, or Change", 2007.
An analysis of the musical "Caroline, or Change" by Tony Kushner.
782 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the story about an African-American maid, Caroline, who works for a Jewish family in Lake Charles, Louisiana in 1963. The paper discusses her relationship with the eight-year-old son, Noah. The paper portrays how the conflicts within and around Caroline create dramatic moments with strong social and racial themes. The paper points out that this was a period when the Civil Rights Movement was a very powerful and important event in the South.
From the Paper
"This is a wonderful story about an African American maid, Caroline, who works for a Jewish family in humid Lake Charles, Louisiana. Caroline is very tired of being stuck in the basement of the Gellman home, doing laundry, and meanwhile, she and the eight-year-old Gellman boy, Noah, form a relationship that is edgy, cross-cultural, but very interesting. Noah looks up to Caroline a lot, in fact he idolizes her; but even though she likes him, she is gruff with him. She lets him smoke cigarettes with her, and they form a bond in that way. "Caroline never tells me so but I know Daddy mustn't know," Noah says (15). "A secret her and me can share: Our daily cigarette...""
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The Black Church, 2007.
This paper discusses the emerging independence of the black church.
2,407 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that throughout American history, the black church has played an important role in the African-American community. The writer provides a summary description of the contemporary issues impacting the sociology of religion. Further,the writer offers brief explanations from a sociological perspective of the arguments presented from both sides of the issue. The writer also looks at the sociological history of the issue and the impact this matter has had upon both society and religion. In addition, the writer presents a personal evaluation of the issue, including possible solutions. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Analysis.
Background and Overview
Summary Description of the Contemporary Issues Impacting the Sociology of Religion
Sociological Perspectives, History and Impact
Conclusions, Personal Evaluation of the Issues and Possible Solutions
From the Paper
"Because of the centrality of the position in black communities, the black church has assumed an important part in administering to the worldly needs of their congregations and neighborhoods, a feature that has also contributed to their emerging independence. For instance, a study of black churches was conducted by Billingsley and his colleagues to identify the role of the black church in youth development programs. Of the 176 churches reporting youth programs, the greatest interest was shown for teen support programs which are provided by 39 percent of the churches. These programs consisted of various Christian fellowships, ministry, counseling, group discussions, rap sessions, seminars, and workshops, and the second most prevalent services provided were sports activities; 31 percent of the churches provided athletic camps, teams, and/or martial arts classes. Among the least common programs were youth AIDS support programs (3 percent) and youth health-related services (2 percent). The former was comprised of classes/seminars, counseling, and financial support to persons with AIDS and the latter included health clinics, seminars, and screening for specific health problems; however, the authors emphasize that substance abuse programs (drug/alcohol counseling, seminars for drug abuse prevention, and workshops) were also offered by 15 percent of the churches."
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African-American Literature, 2007.
A discussion of the African-American experience as reflected in literature.
2,079 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the African-American experience as it is expressed in the work of several notable writers. The author states that the works of black writers reflect aspects of American life and the development of American society over time. Several works are discussed that highlight various themes in African-American life, such as slavery and discrimination. The paper concludes by stating that the black experience is as American as any other and complements the experience of the majority society in many respects even as it extends it to new areas.
From the Paper
"Ralph Ellison is a black man and approaches the world from that perspective, finding a way to express how society treats the black man through the character of the Invisible Man, a persona that enables him to hide even when in a crowd. For Ellison, blackness has been made by society into the defining characteristic of his existence. In a sense, he adopts the point of view of the white by making himself invisible. He is treated as if he were invisible, and he finds the benefit in that stat and uses it to his advantage in commenting on whit society. The main character in The Invisible Man is invisible only in a metaphorical sense, so that he seems invisible both to himself and to others. The hero of this novel is a black man who is invisible in white society because he is black. He is invisible in black society because of the way he takes on various roles expected of him by white society, though he recognizes how demeaning and false many of those roles are. He is invisible to himself because he has adopted certain roles and so cannot allow himself to exist as a real person with his own point of view. The existence of such a character is a devastating indictment of the dehumanization process in American society based on racial discrimination."
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James Meredith and Civil Rights, 2007.
A review of James Meredith's fight for civil rights.
2,313 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of James Meredith. Specifically, the paper discusses James Meredith's role in the Black Student Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. According to the paper, in 1962, James Meredith attempted to enter the University of Mississippi to study law. After a long and very bitter struggle he became the first black student in the history of the school.
From the Paper
"During Meredith's fight to enter Ole Miss, he became more involved in the overall fight for civil rights, as well. In 1966, his first memoir, Three Years in Mississippi was published, and he undertook the Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi. After only two days, someone shot him and left him by the side of the road as dead. The attack so angered other black civil rights groups that they banded together and finished the walk in his honor. Stokely Carmichael, one of the marchers, came up with the term "black power" during the march, and this was the beginning of the term associated with the black struggle to end oppression and prejudice. Thus, many credit Meredith as the father of the movement, although he did not coin the phrase. Meredith rejoined the march for a few days, and has always been an outspoken critic of nonviolence. However, his civil rights activities waned after the march. Meredith went on to study and teach abroad for several years. He lectures, has taught, and is now the President of the Meredith Institute, Inc., a non-profit organization that teaches Black Americans the importance of language and how to read, write, and speak the English language. "
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Cycle of Violence, 2007.
This paper discusses a cycle of violence as it relates to children and looks at the impact of trauma from witnessing family violence.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines whether nurses have sufficient knowledge about the impact that trauma, caused from witnessing family violence, has on children of African-American families Further the writer looks at whether nurses across different hospitals adopt the same procedures to deal with the impact of trauma on these children. The writer maintains that the collective forces of technology, demography, control, as well as, globalization have been pushing healthcare systems, all over the world, to change their strategy so as to keep pace with the ever changing world. The writer concludes that nurses' knowledge about the impact of trauma, caused by witnessing family violence, on children of African-American families has been a neglected topic.
Outline:
Hypotheses or Research Questions
Research Method
Research Design
Participants
Recruitment Strategy (Sampling Unit):
Sampling Frame
Method of Selecting the Sample Elements
Data Collection
Trustworthiness (Credibility and rigor) of results
Delimitations
Ethical Issues
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research method being used in this study is qualitative as the advantage of carrying out a qualitative study is that it does not always ignore the bias side of things, and is not necessarily always objective. In fact, all qualitative researchers monitor people in certain settings (in this case, it is monitoring the impact of trauma on children of African-American families from witnessing family violence) and then come to different conclusions depending on the techniques or methods they have chosen to employ. Another advantage is the clear variation that one can observe in the methods used and presentation of the conclusions. As a matter of fact, qualitative studiers give their personal opinion with a certain amount of concentration when carrying out a research because in their opinion the validity of a research does not lie in its objectivity. They not only let their personal opinions play a part in the conclusion they make, but, they also let their own interpretations of their observations have a major part in the final conclusions."
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