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The Strength of the British Pound, 2006.
This paper examines the British pound's current position against the U.S dollar and other international currencies and explains why it's fundamentally more favored in the global market.
3,035 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper analyzes the recent increase in the British pound's value which is a direct result of rising interest rates and the UK's growing economy. The writer of this paper details the reasons surrounding the devaluation of the U.S. dollar against the British pound and the Euro. This paper discusses the monetary flows in the foreign exchange market that are not only imperative but responsible for the various positive changes in Britain's economy. The writer also describes how the value of a particular currency is estimated when using three-time tested variables which are comprised of the interest rate differentials, economic differentials and relative yield within the country.
From the Paper
"As stated by the Economist, Justin Urquhart Stewart, the imbalance is basically because of two main factors. On being the higher central bank interest rates in Britain which is nearly 4 percent while it is only 1 percent in the United States and in turn supports the British currency but at the same time the high level of by the government and individuals for personal purpose in the United States is not very supportive of growth. It is felt that if both the issues are balanced the dollar will be brought back to its state. A lot of financial experts also feel that the exchange rate to go to $2.00 to one pound or higher in the next some time hence making things even more badly."
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Nasser?s Impact on Egypt?s Economy, 2006.
An analysis of how Gamal Abdel Nasser shaped Egyptian economic policy.
8 words (approx. 0.0 pages), 1360 sources, APA, $ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the impact of Gamal Abdel Nasser's leadership in Egypt on the country's economic policy. The paper begins with a brief review of Nasser's rise to power in the 1950s. Next, the paper turns to an assessment of Nasser's various economic policies, including land redistribution, construction of the Aswan Dan and nationalization of the Suez Canal. The paper concludes that Nasser was responsible for redesigning the economic policy of a nation that had endured decades of imperialist rule.
Outline
Introduction
Economic Policy
Land Redistribution
Aswan Dam
Suez Canal
Economic Conclusions
From the Paper
"To understand the impact that Nasser had in the economic arena, it is essential to briefly discuss his past and rise to power. Nasser was born in Banny Mor Asyout, Egypt. He eventually moved to Cairo, as a result of his father's job as Inspector in Minister of Post. In Cairo he eventually earned his high school diploma, during which time he partook in several demonstrations against British occupation of his homeland. In 1937 Nasser joined military school, "he graduated on 1938 to join the third platoon in Asyout where he met Anwar El Sadat, and Zakaria Mohyi El Deen who later joined him in the "Free Officers" organization."
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US-Canada Relations Under Kennedy, 2006.
An analysis of the conflicts between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Canadian Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the tumultuous relationship between President John F. Kennedy and Canadian Prime Minister John G. Diefenbaker during their mutual years in power between 1960 and 1963. The paper demonstrates how the animosity between them made this period the lowest point in U.S.-Canadian relations since the War of 1812. The paper analyzes the complex issues that were the foundations for their personal disdain of each other: (1) Diefenbaker was an old-fashioned prairie populist with a deep distrust of Americans and Kennedy personified the wealthy American establishment; (2) The two had fundamental differences over the handling of key events during their times in office, including a 1961 meeting in Ottawa, trade policy, the debate on nuclear arms, the Cuban Missile Crisis and a disastrous Sate Department Press release. After a detailed analysis of these issues, the paper concludes that their differences were irreconcilable and their clash inevitable.
From the Paper
"Diefenbaker was born in Neustadt, Ontario on September 18, 1895 and moved first to Fort Calton in the North West Territories in 1903 and then to Saskachewan in 1910 while Kennedy was born in Brookline, Mass. on May 29, 1917, with a silver spoon in his mouth. Diefenbaker's studies at the University of Saskachewan were interrupted by World War I where he was injured in training camp. After attending Harvard University, Kennedy became a war hero in World War II, winning the Purple Heart and the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for bravery. Diefenbaker, after deciding that his future lay in politics rather than law, began a slow rise in the government, losing several times municipally, provincially and federally. Kennedy however, began his political career in 1946 by being elected to Congress in 1947 and to the Senate in 1952, both by landslide victories. Diefenbaker was nominated as the Conservative party leader in 1956 and became Canada's thirteenth Prime Minister in 1957 while Kennedy defeated Nixon in the 1960 election to become America's thirty-fifth President. A motion of non-confidence was eventually passed on Diefenbaker's government by the Liberals in 1963, and Diefenbaker resigned on April 22, quietly dying on August 16, 1979. Kennedy's end as President was more dramatic; he was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963, shocking the world and creating much controversy and speculation."
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"The Cold War", 2006.
Examines Martin Walker's book, "The Cold War: A History."
1,777 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the book, "The Cold War: A History" by Martin Walker. The paper shows how the book gives a very detailed account of the events, characteristics, problems and legacy of the Cold War.
From the Paper
"As with any war, the conflict is used to determine or maintain the balance of power, provide for governmental succession, and/or a confrontation of ideological viewpoints. The Cold War was all of these. The balance of power in the world was being fought between the United States and the Soviet Union, or as Walker calls it, using a Reagan era term, the "Evil Empire". This included the governments worldwide that supported or were supported by one side or the other. Since the Cold War began with the fall of Germany after World War II, part of the maneuverings of the early part of the Cold War was to determine the political succession for the rule of Germany, which had the potential of determining the balance of power in Europe."
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2006.
Examines America's foreign policy in the Middle East since 1991.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the impact of U.S. foreign policy on the Middle East since 1991. It explores how the post-Cold War global order affects Middle East politics and how the conflict in the Middle East affects the 'New World Order'.
Table of Contents:
Part I: Summary
Part II: Background to and Nature of American Policy in the Middle East since 1991
Part III: Impact of American Policy in the Middle East
Part IV: Conclusion.
From the Paper
"America's policy of coercive appropriation of the region's only major resource has had another parallel, though highly profound impact. In order to break free from what the countries of the region perceive as the American stranglehold over their resources, many countries have started cooperating with each other to exploit the oil-rich Caspian region. Based on the idea of excluding America from the pipeline grid, this brings several countries from even outside the periphery of the Middle East in close ties with each other. This could spell a total alteration of the geo-strategic dynamics of the region."
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The Politics of Global Annihilation, 2000.
This paper examines the events as well as the unanswered questions and theories surrounding the 1945 bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper details the various circumstances that led up to the 1945 nuclear bombing of Hiroshima. The writer of this paper explores several theories as to why Bombardier Ferebee and the rest of his crew were ordered to Japan to drop the bomb that killed 180,000 people. Some theorists claim that America's display of weapons superiority was to show the rest of the world that it would not surrender to futile conflict. Others claim that President Truman approved the bombings to stop further death and destruction of innocent U.S. civilians and soldiers, following the unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor. This paper also discusses President Roosevelt's decision to provide funding for atomic science research which shows foresight on the part of the government in recognizing a possible means to a swift conclusion to the war. The rumors that Germany was also developing the same technology may have provided the powerful catalyst to action by the Americans.
From the Paper
"The hope for diplomacy was also waning; Secretary of War Henry J. Stimson recalls: "high American officials had made some...unpleasant remarks about the Emperor, and it did not seem wise...that the Government should reverse its field too sharply; too many people were likely to cry shame." An article by Karl Compton published shortly after V-J Day entitled "If the Atomic Bomb Had Not Been Used" served as a reassurance to all American people and especially to Truman that what they had done was the right thing to do. In the article Compton questions several Japanese military officials to get their perspectives on the events, and finds that they were not confident in their ability to prevail over the Americans but would have fought to the last man, thus by dropping the bomb Truman in effect saved the remaining members of the Japanese armed forces. Truman later sent a letter of acknowledgement and appreciation for Compton's "first sensible statement I have seen on the subject."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2006.
A day-by-day history and analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
4,488 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the developments of the Cuban Missile Crisis, detailing the behind-the-scenes diplomacy, maneuvering and leadership of both U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. The paper describes the danger posed to the world by the crisis and the courage displayed by these two world leaders in averting what would have been an all-out nuclear war.
From the Paper
"Due to the placement of U.S. tactical nuclear weapons around the borders of the Soviet Union, and the range-superior U.S. nuclear arsenal, the Soviets wanted to improve their tactical situation. Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, saw the need for a soviet missile base within close proximity to the United States. He believed that the U.S.S.R needed such a base to gain leverage over the United States (Wiersma & Larson, 1997, 3). At the same time, Cuba hoped to gain some way to defend their nation from an attack from the United States. They feared such an attack ever since the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. In July of 1962, Fidel Castro, the dictator of Cuba, sent his brother to Moscow in an unexplained visit. Soon afterwards the Soviets began to ship military supplies to Cuba (Abel, 1968, 16). By combining efforts, the Soviets were able to gain leverage through the installation of nuclear weapons, and the Cubans were able to defend their island with the Soviet military supplies. Initially, the United States had no idea that the Soviets were building up such a military presence in Cuba, but when they found out, they were driven almost to a panic. The leaders of the U.S. were forced to decide whether to attack or talk with the Soviets and Cuba."
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Last Watch, First Step, 2006.
A discussion and analysis of Israel's policy decision to dismantle the Gaza settlements.
924 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the current Israeli administration's withdrawal plan from the Gaza Strip. The paper explains the reasons for the decision to withdraw from the settlements even though the withdrawal comes without any concessions from the Palestinians, discusses the degree of support as well as opposition to the withdrawal and analyzes the implications of such a move. The paper concludes with the finding that the decision to withdraw from Gaza represents a first step towards ending the mistrust, bloodshed and terrorism that has so long characterized the Israeli-Palestinian relationship.
From the Paper
"Code name: Last Watch-In a 'bold move to end the stalemate in the peace process' , Israel finally pulled out of the Gaza strip as well as four settlements in the West Bank. It thereby ended Israel's occupation of Palestinian lands, which were captured in the Six-Day War in 1967. Approximately 8,500 Gaza settlers were removed from the 21 settlements. Homes, schools and military infrastructure were razed to the ground, all except electricity, pipes and roads. Torah scrolls and other sacred items were safely squirreled away as the settlers finally left Gaza. Nineteen synagogue buildings were left intact, though, a last-minute decision by the Israeli Cabinet, which displeased the Palestinians as they would be the ones forced to demolish it."
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Growth and Modernization Models.
An analysis of the economic development in the developing countries from 1945 to the 1960s.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the meaning and purpose of development for the third world during the period of 1945 to the 1960s. The paper begins with a review of various theories of growth and modernization, which all focused on the lack of capital infusion. Next the paper assesses structuralist theory, which saw industrialization as the principle path to modernization. This, too, was being hampered by a lack of capital. The paper then critiques both of these models, before turning to a review of the basic needs approach.
From the Paper
"Martinuusen discussed the structuralist model based on the works of Latin American structuralists and Gunnar Myrdal, an author of vast sphere but whose basic proposition coincides with those of the classical structuralists. According to Martinussen (1997) the structuralists regard industrialization as the principal path to development. Celso Furtado and Oswaldo Sunkel (cf. Furtado, 1965) cited by Martinuusen (1997, 74) asserted that development can be achieved with industrial growth and the subsequent absorption of the workforce in the manufacturing sector. This is something which the structuralists share with Lewis though they (the structuralists ) further argued for increasing wages in the modern sector in order to achieve increased purchasing power for the domestic market. Industrialization, however is hampered by lack of capital which could be attributed to at least two reasons."
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Ethnic Divisiveness, 2006.
A look at how Eastern Europe countries have been failed by their governments and the nations of the world.
2,457 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in a number of newly independent nations, whose borders were frequently based on old geopolitical lines without regard for the ethnically based demographics involved. Without a central government in place in many of these regions of Eastern Europe, basic public services have failed, economies have faltered or collapsed and wars have broken out between ethnic factions within these countries. This paper discusses the cultural, political and social divisiveness which has resulted from a paucity of central governmental services in some of these new nations in Eastern Europe, and provides an analysis of the causes for the violent confrontations which have taken place in the recent past.
From the Paper
"The ethnic populations which constitute a nation are up in arms against the weak states. These ethnic populations of Eastern Europe (and elsewhere in the world as well) have mobilized for war. Passions run high in light of the long-term nature of many of the ethnic disputes, and the belligerents are not now going to settle for anything short of their perceived ethnic and historical legacy of land and liberty. The problem in Eastern Europe is, however, that almost all of the people share this common legacy and who is to say whose claim is stronger. The next few years will prove to be bloody ones for the nations of Europe in search of a state unless the international community can provide better and more creative alternatives. "
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"Blood Rites", 2005.
This paper reviews writer Barbara Ehrenreich's "Blood Rites:The Origins and History of the Passions of War", an account of war from its beginnings to today, with an emphasis on its emotional aspects.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Barbara Ehrenreich in her book, "Blood Rites: The Origins and History of the Passions of War" traces war's origins back to Paleolithic man's struggle against predators on the African savanna. According to the book, war soon required a symmetrical form that resembled sacrificial rites, which gradually developed into a merger of religion with militarism that transformed battle into a religious rite. The author points out, in the closing chapter, that Ehrenreich pointedly cites the horrifying figure that there have been 160 wars since World War II, which took the lives of 22 million people. The paper contends that mankind is prey, who, through its own efforts, has become a predator; thereby, society continues to prey upon itself, not for sport, but from a residue of insecurity and blood lust that no society yet has managed to suppress.
From the Paper
"The following chapters address the notion of the warrior elite. The author uses the example of General MacArthur's evocation of the long, gray line of West Pointers and Hitler's fantasy of a "race of Aryan god-men." However, the warrior elite has disappeared with the modern army, because when everyone has a gun, everyone is equal on the battlefield. The elite doesn't start wars anymore, since anyone can access the massive international arms market. Wars are free to everyone now. One example is the Russian war in Chechnya that was fought by special-forces soldiers."
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Japan's Nuclear Capabilities, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
6,555 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
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The Vietnam War, 2005.
This paper discusses the faulty logic for the American presence in the Vietnam War.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the American involvement and error in Vietnam and Vietnam's internal strife probably began toward the end of World War II when President Franklin D. Roosevelt failed to place Indochina under a United Nations trust and when President Harry Truman (1)permitted France to return to the former French Indochina and (2)initiated U.S. military aid to Indochina in May 1950. The author points out that President Johnson needed to create a "foreign aggressor"; thus North Vietnam became a "foreign" country enabling the United States to shift its focus from the intractable problems of the South. The paper states that it is important to acknowledge the possibility of ulterior motives for the retention of a American military presence in Vietnam long after even the U.S. leadership realized that involvement in this civil war was an error and a loss was possible.
From the Paper
"Until 1965, North Vietnam had limited itself to training and sending Native Southerners to fight in the south. Roger Hilsman, former Assistant Secretary of the State for Far Eastern Affairs, predicted the effect of bombing on North Vietnamese policy: It would be well for the advocates of bombing and other "easy" solutions to such problems to remember that Hanoi's policy was not to infiltrate North Vietnamese into South Vietnam-the infilitrators have almost all been Southerners sympathetic to communism who went North in 1954. Hanoi has kept this self-imposed limitation partly to maintain the fiction that the origins of the fighting in South Vietnam were internal, but partly to minimize the risk of retaliation against their precious factories. Once the factories are gone, so is the deterrent."
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France in the European Union, 2006.
An overview of the development of the European Union and France's contributions to its development.
2,027 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a description of the function and organizational structure of the European Union and then presents a brief history of its origins and how it has developed into the supranational organizational body that it is today. The paper focuses on France's contributions towards the European Union's development, beginning with a look at Jean Monnet's plan for more organized cooperation between the European nations and ending with a look at the signing of the Maastricht Treaty.
From the Paper
"The Council of Ministers is composed of a single representative from each of the member states. The council cannot draft legislation, but it can accept, reject, or request proposals from the commission. Summit meetings among the top leaders of the member states are called at least once every six months by the country holding the presidency of the Council of Ministers. This meeting of heads of state and government is called the European Council. The summits were instituted on a regular basis in 1975."
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Nuclear Missile Defense, 2006.
An examination of reasons for Canada opposing nuclear missile defense.
2,409 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The writer gives explanations clarifying why Canada should retain a position of opposition to nuclear missile defense (NMD) and gives alternative solutions to the support of NMD. The paper examines the effects of such opposition on bilateral relations with the USA. It also explores the results of supporting NMD both in the short term and in the long term. The writer sees Canada as universal peacekeepers and nuclear disarmament advocates.
From the Paper
"This means Canada must be on the offensive diplomatically and defensively to preserve relations and security. Diplomatically, we must stress to the US that by acquiescing and allowing NMD to operate within NORAD, split security standards could develop that at present would be detrimental to Canada. Moreover, having NMD capability may incline the US to intervene in matters that we as Canadians and international peacekeepers would never get involved with but would automatically be engaged in because of NORAD."
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The Socio-Economic Impact of Illegal Immigration, 2006.
An overview of the problem of illegal immigration into the U.S. and all of its implications for the US in the coming century.
6,347 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a detailed look at the growing problem of illegal immigration into the United States. The paper examines what kind of social and economic impact such large numbers of illegal immigrants will have on the country and considers concerns about what the growing number of illegal immigrants entering the country mean for the future. The paper also looks at what will happen if nothing is done to stem the tide of illegals entering the country and what solutions are available to address the problem of illegal immigration.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Impact of Illegal Immigration
Proposed Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Republican National Committee began in June to run a television advertisement in California and 17 other states regarding the costs of illegal immigration. Democrats claimed the ad, based on a 1991 Backgrounder by the Center for Immigration Studies, contained a "blatant and demonstrable falsehood." The controversy is centered on the audio portion of the ad, which begins "Did you know there are over five million illegal immigrants in the U.S.? And that you spend five-and-a-half billion dollars a year to support them with welfare, food stamps, and other services." The cost figure is from "Estimated Annual Costs of Major Federal and State Services to Illegal Aliens" (Center for Immigration Studies Backgrounder 2-91), one of the first attempts to quantify the fiscal cost of illegal immigration. The paper estimated that the total cost of 13 major federal and state services to illegal aliens in 1990 was $5.5 billion. (This is a gross number; i.e., it does not attempt to balance fiscal costs with taxes paid by illegal aliens. Even in net terms, however, illegal aliens are acknowledged by all immigration researchers to be a drain on the public coffers.)"
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The Russian Mafia in Israel, 2006.
An analysis of the infiltration of Israel by the Russian mafia.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how the Russian mafia has established itself in Israel over the past decade. The paper discusses the arrival of the mafia alongside one million immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union. The paper then examines the major inroads the mafia has made in dominator sectors of Israel's economy. The paper concludes with evidence that the mafia is now poised to gain political clout, particularly in local governments. underestimated. Either way, people have cause for concern.
Outline
Introduction
History and Influence
Summary
From the Paper
"Police are concerned that the Russian Mafia is seeking to infiltrate the government through Israel's primaries system. It takes a lot of money to be elected in the primaries, which leaves the door open for organized-crime figures who have a lot of cash to pass around, police sources say. And yet, the sources add, despite the accusations of cynics, the checks and balances of the country's democratic system make it difficult to infiltrate the government. This is likely to turn the Mafia towards municipal government."
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Crime in the Former Soviet Union, 2006.
This well-researched and informative paper examines the political and socio-economic changes that have taken place in Russia since the late-1980s which have proven conducive to criminal development.
3,308 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union when the overall security and political situation throughout the region had gradually transformed from a communist regime to one of extreme corruption. This paper discusses the present Russian view of criminal issues while paying close attention to the Russian mafia phenomenon which is a direct outgrowth of the unconventional economy and related corruption. This paper also contains detailed facts and information pertaining to Russia's political history and economy both before and after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Outline
Introduction
Historical Change in the Definition of "Crime and Mafia"
Economy, Crime and Security in the Post-Soviet Era
Drug-Related Crimes
Acts of Violence
Uncontrolled Migration
Smuggling and Other Crimes
Russian Security Cooperation
Opposition Toward Change
Reducing Anarchy
Government Officials
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the independence of the three Baltic republics, the overall political and security situation throughout the Baltic Sea region has become gradually transformed. The delicate East-West balance in Northeastern Europe that was maintained by just a few actors during the cold war era has given way to a security environment that is fluid and conditions which are manipulated by a multiple of diverse new actors. In addition, there has been a dramatic shift in the characterization of security threats and priorities in the region."
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